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About Us & Why Aquatic Therapy

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Jeff Bartley, P.E., LEED AP

Waters Edge Aquatic Design 

Janette FosterM.S. Ed., OTR/L

Lee Ann Britain Infant Development Center

About Us & Why Aquatic Therapy

y Leann Britain Infant Development  Center has touched the lives of over  4,000 kids and their families since 1972.

y Dedicated to serving children with  developmental disabilities from birth to  six years of age.

y Involves parents and siblings in the  process of therapeutic treatment and  education. 

y Individualized programs developed by  an integrated team of physical,  occupational and speech therapists,  early childhood special education  teachers and music therapists. 

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Statistics

y According to the Center for Disease  Control, 17%of all children have a  developmental or behavioral disability  such as autism or other disorder.

y There are a variety of traditional  treatment methods for children with  special needs, however one type of  occupational therapy becoming more  prevalent is Aquatic Therapy

In this session, we will define the benefits of  aquatic therapy for children with special  needs including children with Cerebral Palsy, 

Down Syndrome, Developmental Delay and  Autism Spectrum disorders, in addition to  discussing ways to set up the perfect facility for 

aquatic therapy programming.

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Aquatic Therapy, What is it? 

y Aquatic therapyutilizes the  unique properties of the water  to rehabilitate patients after  injury or those with chronic  illness.

y Pediatric aquatic therapy facilitates the acquisition of  developmental milestones,  improves fitness skills, improves  social skills, and allows the child  to develop a life‐long leisure  skill.

Benefits of Aquatic Therapy

y Improvements in balance, coordination, flexibility y Improvements in range of motion, circulation and pain 

reduction

y Decrease in weight bearing on joints y Fitness gains

y Improved sensory integration

y Improved social skills, self esteem and self confidence

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Who can Benefit?

1. Adults with special conditions and needs

2. Children with special conditions and needs

A. Children with Cerebral Palsy

y Range of Motion and Tone Management

y Breath control and respiration for health and speech

y Freedom of movement unlike any other environment 

y Independence

y Motor planning

y Social skills

y Life long fitness and leisure activity

Hope

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Who can Benefit, 

continued 

B.   Children with Down Syndrome and/or Developmental  Delay

y Strengthening and endurance

y Low muscle tone

y Breath control & respiration for health and speech 

y Acquisition of developmental milestones

y Social skills

y Life‐long fitness & leisure activity Obesity prevention

Nathaniel

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Who can Benefit, 

continued 

C.  Children with Autism spectrum and/or Children with  Sensory Integration Disorders

y Processing of sensory information 

y Motor skills and motor planning

y Social skills 

y Life long fitness and leisure activity

y Allows child with ASD to be part of a team sport yet still  participating as an individual

Samantha Mira

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Common Activities with a Therapist

y Cerebral Palsy

y Range of motion activities to decrease risk of contractures

y Neutral warmth relaxes muscles and helps to inhibit muscle  tone

y Assisted walking with and without the use of flotation 

y Use of floatation in deep water to increase strength and  endurance

y Use of flotation to increase independence

y Use of varying depths of water and side of pool to increase arm  strength

y Utilizing buoyancy of the water to assist movement of arms on  top of water’s surface to reach for toy

y Breath control

Assisted walking

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Use of Flotation in Deep Water

Increased Independence 

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Arm strengthening

Breath Control

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Common Activities with a Therapist , 

continued y Down Syndrome and Developmental Delay

y Water adjustment activities 

y Increase overall strength and endurance

y Oral motor exercises 

y Increase respiration for breath control y Basic swim stroke development

y Acquisition of developmental milestones

y Sitting 

y Crawling

y Walking

Water adjustment

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Strength and Endurance

Basic Swim Stroke Development

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Developmental Milestones

Common Activities with a Therapist, 

continued

y Autism spectrum and sensory integration disorders

y Water adjustment activities

y “Heavy work” activities to improve sensory modulation including  motor planning  

y Resistive activities

y Deep water activities 

y Varying positions while moving through water

y Wall walking in deep water

y Social games to encourage interaction, eye contact, and  relationships with other people

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Water adjustment

Heavy Work: Resistive Activities

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Heavy Work: Deep Water

Heavy Work: Wall Walking

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Social skills

Life‐long Health and Wellness

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How to Accommodate Therapy

y Adapting your Existing Facility

y Utilize what you have

y Alter what you have

y Provide Equipment y Planning a new facility

y Utilize what you have

y Ability to manipulate water temperature‐ desired temps  at 85 to 90 degrees

y Utilize existing water depths – 1 foot to 4 feet deep

y Use your stairs

Adapt Your Facility

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yAlter what you have

y water depths

y You can always make your pool more shallow

Adapt Your Facility , 

continued

y Equipment

y Flotation

y Compression Vest (i.e. Wet  Vest)

y Wrist/Ankle Weights

y Flow‐through mat

y Balls 

y Toys

Adapting Your Facility

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y Designing a new facility

y Manufactured pools versus new

y Manufactured pools / systems

y Custom designed

y Key Features

y Features / activities

y Details / Functional pools edges

y Entry methods

y Textures / coatings

y Water treatment

y Lighting 

y Air Quality

y Surrounding space considerations

Integrating Aquatic Therapy

y Manufactured pools

y Manufactured shells with built‐in features

y Typically fiberglass or stainless steel shells

y Usually smaller pools

y Popular/Common Manufacturers

y SwimEx

y HydroWorx

y Therapeutic Systems, Inc.

Integrating Aquatic Therapy, 

continued

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y Fiberglass shells‐ SwimEx

y Fixed depths/areas

y Built‐in equipment

Integrating Aquatic Therapy

, continued

y HydroWorx Pools

y Built in treadmill‐ entire floor

y Moveable floor

Integrating Aquatic Therapy, 

continued

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y Custom Designed Therapy Pools

y Often larger

y Features not generally built in

Integrating Aquatic Therapy, 

continued

y For kids‐ 1 ft. to 4 ft.

y Shelf (teaching pod)

y Variable steps ‐ lots of steps

Features:  Water Depths

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y Dedicated therapy pools – No Problem.

y For shared pools……….Can’t  you just turn the thermostat  up/down?

y Heated water in  concentrated area

Features: Water Temperatures

y Conventional gas‐fired heaters

y Takes water from the recirc./filter loop heats and returns

Features: Pool Heater Options

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y Pool heater options

y “Green” Options

y Alternate style‐ Closed loop heat system 

y Reclaimed heat (from other systems)

y Solar

Features: Pool Heater, 

continued

y Conventional perimeters

y Stainless steel gutters y Skimmers

y Concrete

y More inviting edges y Importance of finger grip y Add railing?

Features: Perimeter Edges

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y Add railing?

Features: Perimeter Edges, 

continued

yRamps

yZero‐depth  entry

yLifts

yStairs

yTransfer tiers

yTransfer walls

Features: Entry

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y Common choices:

y Paint

y Plaster

y Metal panels

y Fiberglass

y Vinyl lined

y Tile

y Important choice given tactile response of kids

Features: Coatings & textures

Conventional disinfectants‐ chlorine based

Features: Water Treatment

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Alternate types

y Saline Systems

y Hydrogen peroxide

Supplemental

y Ultra‐violet light (UV)

y Ozone

Features: Water Treatment,

Continued

Create pleasant, warm  and inviting area

Indirect lighting

Reduce “hot spots”/ point sources

Natural light‐ but avoid glare

y Lighting types

y Fluorescent‐ small areas, smaller watts, energy efficient, good  color

y Metal Halide‐ larger  areas, higher watts, good lighting

Features: Lighting

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y Air Quality‐ Big 3 include

y Humidity‐ 50‐60% relative humidity

y Temperature‐ Air temp. 2 degrees warmer than water

y Fresh Air Circulation‐ Therapy pools ‐ 4 to 6 air changes per  hour (with mechanical cooling)

Features: Air Quality

y Humidity Control (50 to 60% rel. humidity)

y Comfort of patrons

y Protect structures and equipment 

y If Humidity is high

y Uncomfortable

y Corrosion

y Condensation

y If Humidity is low

y Evaporative cooling‐ which means cold swimmers and a hard  time maintaining pool temperature

Features: Humidity Control

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y Be careful not to blow air directly on swimmers

y Have fresh air capacity

y Control airborne chloramines from forming in pool

Features: Air Quality/Circulation

y Common Methods

y Ceilings

y Perforated ceilings

y Suspended  banners/ baffles y Walls

y Acoustical block

y Wall panels

Features: Noise Control

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y Spectator  Areas‐ preferably in cooler location

y Private restroom/ change rooms

y Office area/ dry classroom for therapists/patients

Features: Surrounding Spaces

Today, we hope you learned: 

y The benefits of aquatic therapy for children with special  needs

y Current aquatic therapy programming activities for  children with Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome and  Developmental Delay Disorders and Autism Spectrum  Disorders

y Ways to adapt your existing facility and considerations  when planning a new aquatic facility to accommodate  aquatic therapy programming

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Questions?

References

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