DeltaBASIC Reference Manual May1985 pdf

(1)

.

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ELEMENTS OF DeltaBASIC _{SYSTEMS SUPPORTED*} 1,:· g'

Visual screen attributes, function keys, arrow keys, i ,,.'i

and diskette formats for the following are supported }] 'H

COMMANDS by DeltaBASIC. !Í.,,,,.

Com,ute,s, d "\,. 0 sr

O

AUTO LIST

Kaypro 'y' ",i!'

D

. . ;

"

CLEAR LISTP

EpsonQX-1O " "

DEL LOAD

Radio Shack Model lV

m m

FILES OFF _(CP/M Plus, [v. 3.0])

FREE _RENAME

Xerox820-11

GO RUN

Televideo (CP/M orTurboDOS)

HELP SAVE

A variety of disk formats, including IBM 3740

stan-" -STATEMENTS dard 8" diskette (SS/SD), is _available.

0 D

m

CHAIN ON GOTO Terminals:

CLOSE ON RESTORE ADM-3A

, DATA OPEN _(diskfile, Televideo 900 Series

DEF FN _{data entry screen)} QumeQVT-102 -'

DIM _OPTION Wyse 100

END PRINT _(formatted, _{*NOTE: New implementations} _are _{regularly added to} ₀ ₀ ₍

EXIT _unformatted) _{this list. Please contact DeltaSoft,} Inc., _{for further}

in-FOR/NEXT READ _{(internal data,} _formation _on _{computer systems and terminals} _not

FORM _{diskfile, data} _listed.

GOSUB entry screen) _{About DeltaSoft,} Inc.

D

" _Q

GOTO REM

. , ,

IF/THEN/ELSE RESET DeltaSoft, Inc., was established by _professional

pro-INPUT RESTORE grammers to develop improved software for business

LET RETURN applications. DeltaBASIC, based on a powerful sub- i

LINPUT REWRITE(disk file, set of IBM System/34 BASIC, is ciesigneci to provide

ON ATTN _{data entry screen)} the programmer with the most effective utilization of

ON _(Error STOP the rapidly developing capabilitites of microcom-

O

J'

Condition) WRITE(disk file, puters. The present release is in 8080 Assembly '

ON _GOSUB _{data entry screen)} Language and runs on CP/M, MP/M-80, and

Turbo-FUNCTIONS

DOS. _An8086/8088 _version is _{under development.}

Call or Write for More Information:

Numeric: Character: _{A DeltaSoft technical representative will} _be

happy to

1>

"

ABS CHR$ _{discuss your specific applications. Please call} us at

ATN _CNVRT$ (214) 581-1425.

CMDKEY DATE$

ERR STR$ _Trademarks:

EXP _TIME$ CP/M and MP/M are trademarks of Digital Research. TurboOOS is a trademark of

INT Software 2000, Inc. IBM System/34 is a trademark of IBM Corporation. !'t_t¶

LEN _{Substring function:}

LINE (a:_{b) replaces} LOG _{string functions}

POS LEFTS, _MID$

RND and RIGHT$

,.

S

' '

ROUND of other BASICS,

SGN _{allows insertion} '

, . l \\,

SIN _{and deletion}

' SQR

STATUS

DeltaSoft, Inc.

·

VAL

'

"

7524 S. Broadway P. O. Box 7082

Tyler, TX 75711 A

Buslness·Orlenteg

(214)581-1425

BASIC Language

(2)

DeltaRA@IC

A Business-Oriented BASIC Language

Designed to fill the gap in _{business proAramming} Powerful Substring Function SPECIFICATIONS

languages for microcomputers, DeltaBASL provides One simple, versatile substring function (a:_{b) allows}

the multi-user support and other programming great flexibility in _{string hand|ing.} It _{not only replaces}

features essential to the development of efficient, the MID$, LEFT$, _{and RIGHT$} in other BASICS, _but

smoothly-functioning and well documented soft- also allows both insertion and deletion of characters Source Language: 8080 _Assembly

ware. within strings. (8086/8088 _{under development)}

Keyed files, decimal arithmetic, formatted data entry Powerful FORM Statement Provides Versatility in _{Operating Systems Supported:}

screens, and other amenities familiar to users of PRINT, READ, WRITE, _and REWRITE _{CP/M-80, MP/M-80, TurboDOS}

main-frame languages have _{been incorporated. With}

A comprehensive forms specification list allows _{Recommended Memory} Size:

DeltaBASIC, the business programmer is

now able to precise positioning of decimals, dollar signs, leading 48K _minimum

achieve maximum effective use of the rapidly devel- _{or trailing} pluses and minuses, and DR _and CR

Essential Terminal Capabilities: oping capabilities of microcomputers. codes; definition of character and numeric fields; _{Clear Screen}

and packed or zoned decimal fields where appli- _{Cursor Positioning} cable.

Supported Terminal Capabilities'

FEATURES Run-Time Module _{Low Intensity}

Interactive Design of Run-time modules are available from DeltaSoft as Blink Formatted Data _{Entry Screens:} needed forthe distribution of applications programs. Non-Display A menu-driven utility allows you to design screens in- _{Plus Other Useful Features} Reverse Image

teractively, using a full complement of visual and Many other time-saving and convenient features are Underline

data entry attributes, including reverse video, blink- built into DeltaBASIC including program chaining, Function Keys ing, and field protection. HELP messages may be

in-on-screen program editing, a HELP facility for identi- Arrow Keys corporated to speed operator learning and data entry. fying errors, long variable names, support of function Field Color

Once designed, a _{screen may}be _accessed by _simple _{and arrow keys, and} _an _extensive _{error-trapping} _{Attributes Available to}

READ/WRITE statements. capability. Formatted Data Entry Screens:

Keyed Data _{Files for} Controlled Field Exit

Fast Indexed Access Adjust/Fill

DeltaBASIC provides fast access to files, using rapid _{UTILITY PROGRAMS} _INCLUDED Mandatory Field Entry/Fill

sequential or random access by key in _{addition to}_ac- Field Type

· · · P · · (Alphanumeric or Numeric)

cess by record number. SDU: Screen Design Utihty for Interactlve design of

Auto Screen Entry

For Single- or formatted data entry screens. Position Cursor

Multi·User Systems KEYSORT: Sorts data files by key _{(predefined) to}

Field Protection

DeltaBASIC's file- and record-locking capabilities allow keyed sequential access. _{Data File Access Methods:} allow programming for multi-user environments. GENMSG: A "message generator" which works with _Sequential

Decimal Precision your text editor to create HELP messages to be used Relative by _{Record Number}

The precise calculations required by business math with data entry screens. Sequential by Key

are achieved with DeltaBASIC's decimal arithmetic. ORGANIZE: Provides conversion of ASCII text files Random by Key

The errors inherent in _other BASIC'S _binary-to- to DeltaBASIC and the reverse; conversion of unkey- _{Data Formats:}

decimal conversions have _{been eliminated. Precision} ed files to keyed; or the removal of previously marked Character

is _{selectable to eight or sixteen digits.} records (e.g., Inactive) from data files. Numeric

Wyse 100

l.

Keyboard Assignment

attention (ATTN) key

--

ESC

("I)

begin/end toggle

--

"B

cursor

left

——

left

arrow ("FI)

cursor

right

_--

right

arrow ("L) cursor down —- down arrow ("V)

cursor up

--

up _{arrow ("K)}

delete

_right

_--

^G

field exit

_--

line

feed ("J)

HELP key

--

"Z

insert

toggle

--

"O

_--

"X

—— "E

rub out

_--

RUB OUT

tab next

field

_--

TAB

_("I)

Note: " means hold down CONTROL _key _and

press

letter

key.

2. _Function Keys

Function keys _{FI through} F8 _{are implemented.}

3. Visual Attributes

low

_intensity

--

implemented

blink

--

implemented

non-display

--

implemented

_Utility)

(5)

CUSREP.FRM

--

Format'CMR-002',

file

containingand 'CMR-003' data entryscreenused by CUSREP.BAS CUSREP1.BAS

--

Customer master

file

report program: sequential access

report program: sequential access

DES.BAS

--

Data entry screen demonstration program

DES.FRM

--

Format_'DES-002',

file

andcontaining'DES-003' data entry screensused by DES.BAS 'DES-OO1', KED.BAS

--

Keyed data

file

demonstration program

C. _{Miscellaneous} _Files CUSDEL.DO

--

TurboOOS_deletion 'DO'_in _CUSMAS.DTA

file

used to remove records marked

for

RENUY.DO

HELP

facility

III.

Special

_files

on diskette no. 2

(if

included)

Auxiliary Demonstration Data _Files K500O.DTA

--

Data

file

used by KED.BAS above

K500O.KEY

--

Key

file

used with K500O.DTA

IV. Features Highlighted by _{Demonstration} Programs A. CUSMAN.BAS

--

Customer Master File Maintenance

1. _Formatted Data _Entry Screens _with Help Messages 2. Random Access _of _{a Keyed}

_File

(6)

4. Substring Function

5. OFF _{statement with} "Command

line"

6. Error Trapping

7. Use _{of Function} and Arrow Keys B. CUSREP.BAS, CUSREP1.BAS, _etc.

--

Customer Master File Reports

1. _Formatted Data _Entry Screens

2. _Sequential, _Relative, and _{Keyed-Sequential} _File Access

3. FORM _{specifications} _including "PIC" for formatted _output

4. Program _chaining

5. Forms _control

_utilizing

_internal page length and overflow C. DES.BAS

--

ñata Entry Screen Demonstrator

I. Explicit

demonstration of visual

_attributes

2.

_Explicit

_{demonstration} _{of data entry}

_attributes

3. Use _{of substring} _function _{to build} _{"INDIC" string} 4. Use _{of Function} keys

D. KED.BAS

--

Keyed

File

Demonstrator

(if

included)

1. Access _of

_relatively

large (5000 _records) _data

_file

by key 2. Random number _generator

V. Sample Terminal/Computer Interface Module

The _following

_listing

_may be _helpful _{for basic reconfiguring} _{of your version}

of De1taBASIC. _Either DDT.COM (CP/M

or MP/M) or MOR'ITOR.COM can be used to load, modify, and _resave DBASIC.COM. Care must be execised to prevent changes _in code _{other than those provided for} _below. DeltaSoft, Inc.

assumes no

responsibility

for the modification of DBASIC.COM by the user.

Please see the license agreement for more information.

NOTE: The _{configuration} below

_is

_{a sample} _only and does _{not correspond with}

your implementation of De1taBASIC.

% d 4 ? @ b te L~j Lpt µxt~jµzL.t4b-4@ !> 9>t but d LpQpjpj f Lpb<b L. f Y LJp%b bj· ? >L.f f f d f f Y P L t. r Jp C > "7 Ur

r, T _rb_rh_rr _{r r"r"r"rTT"rT r r}ó_ri _{r r}t _rt ó_{r r r}ó t i l _{r r r}l R_{r r}Ó Ó·T'_rÓ h rn T _ri b Ó g

Jp xC

""r T

g

;* DeltaBASIC _*

·* *

g

(7)

;* Version: 1.3 *

.* *

g

;* Rev. _Date: 23 May 1984 _*

.* *

g

;* Rev. Time: 3:₀₀ PM >;<

L *

0 q> g

;* Terminal: SAMPLE _*

·* *

g

{

b++tp¿twwjp 1~&^ b Ct 4 @_{l l}_{Ctr td} p bj~j M? W t~j C C C? CWíd e t~&p+bgp%LpMLpU C Ct¶ L) d₊ i "r _{r r r}ím _{r r}rm _{rt ri}"Ti t rm b_{r r r}_rt

t

rn á_{r r}i "i _ri rm n t t ¶ ó b "r"r"r"r rá >ri n n t ó b 4_r ?

* g

; MISC. EQUATES 0

g

; OFFH IS USED TO INDICATE A NULL CHARACTER STRING g

DOFF

= N EQU OFFH

0 ?

; THE HIGH BIT IS SET TO MARK _THE END OF _CHARACTER ; STRINGS. FOR CONVENIENCE, THE VALUE P CAN BE ADDED ; TO THE LAST CHARACTER OF A STRING.

e ?

0080 ₌ P EQU ₁₂₈

* ? 0 g

0103 ORG _103H

0 g

; THE XFER SUBROUTINES ARE USER _MODIFIABLE SO LONG AS ; THE ADDRESSES IN THE TABLE BELOW ARE UPDATED. THE ; ADDRESS SPACE FOR THESE SUBROUTINES IS 03A2H TO 053FF!. ; TWO SIJBROUTINES THAT COULD PROVE USEFUL ARE

(I)

DIRIO ; (AT 3C30H WHICH OUTPUTS THE ASCII CHARACTER IN THE 'A' ; REG TO THE TERMINAL AND (2) CURSO AT O1F6H WHICH ; POSITIONS AT THE CURSOR _{AT THE} ROW _GIVEN _IN _THE H REG ; AND COLUMN IN THE L REG.

0 :

; THE GENERAL SPECS FOR THE XFER SUBRC)UTTNES ARE GIVEN

; BELOW.

:

; NOTE: NO ADDRESSES ARE SHOWN IN THE TABLE BECAUSE THEY ; DIFFER DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC COMPUTER/TERMINAL

; IMPLEMENTATION. e

;GET DATE INTO [HL]

0 7

; CONFIGURATION DATA

r g

; 1. OPERATING SYSTEM FLAG

(8)

:

0118 00 OPSYS: DB O ;CP/M

0 7

; 2. ANSI FLAG *

g

; 0=NC) 1=Y

O :

OllC 00 ANSI: DB O _;NO

0 ?

; 3. COMPATIBILITY FLAG (TURBODOS ONLY) 0

g

; BIT 7 _{= PERMISSIVE} FLAG

; 6 = SUSPEND FLAG

; 5 _{= GLOBAL-WRITE} FLAG

; 4 = MIXED-XODE FLAG

; 3 = LOGICAL FLAG

; (BITS 2-O NOT DEFINED) 0

g

0110 00 COMPAT: DB O _;FULL MP/M

0 g

; 4. TERMINAL INITIALIZATION DATA ©

g

O11E FF00000OOOINIT: DB _N,0,O,O,O _;N=N0NE

0123 0000000000 DB _0,0,0,0,0 _;

0128 0000000000 DB _0,0,0,0,0 _;

012D 0000000000 DB _0,0,0,0,0 ;

W g

; 5. MOVE CURSOR LEFT DATA 0

y

0132 880000OOOOCURLFT: DB _{08H+P,O,O,O,O} _;"H 0

?

; 6. MOVE CURSOR RIGHT DATA 9

?

0137 8C00OOO0OOCURRGT: DB _{OCH+P,0,O,O,O} _;"L 0

:

; 7. CURSOR POSITIONING DATA O

g

; SEE BELOW

O g

013C 1BBDOOOO0OCURPS1: DB _{1BH,'='+P,O,O,O} _;CUR POS _PREAMBLE: 'ESC='

0141 _IF CURPS2: DB ₃₁ _;LINE NUMBER _BIAS: ₃₁

0142 FF CURPS3: DB N _;SEPARATOR _CHAR: _N=N0NE

0143 _IF CURPS4: DB ₃₁ _;COL NUMBER _BIAS: ₃₁

0144 FF0O000OO0CURPS5: DB _N,0,O,O,O _;CUR POS _TRAILER: N=NONE 0

:

; 8. ROW/COL ORDER

0 g

; OOH

= ROW/COL OFFH = COL/ROW

* 7

0149 00 RCORD: DB OOH _;R0W/COL

O g

; 9. ATTN CHARACTER DATA 0

g

(9)

; 10. KEY DATA TABLE 0

g

0148 FFOOOO _LICHR: DB _N,0,O _;LEAD-IN _CHARACTER: _N=N0NE

014E 870000 DB _07H+P,O,O ;DELETE RIGHT: "G

0151 FFOOOO DB _7FH+P,O,O _;RUB _OUT: RUB OUT

0154 880000 DB 08FI+P,O,O ;CURS0R LEFT: "FI

0157 8COOOO DB _0CH+P,O,O _;CURS0R _RIGHT: "L

015A 8AOOOO DB _0AH+P,O,O ;CURS0R DOWN: _"J

015D 880000 DB _OBH+P,0,O _;CURS0R _UP: "K

0160 8FOOOO DB _OFH+P,0,O _;INSERT TOGGLE: "O

0163 820000 DB _02H+P,O,O ;BEGIN/END _TOGGLE: "B

0166 8AOOOO DB _0AH+P,O,O _;FIELD EXIT: _"J

0169 890000 DB _09H+P,O,O _;TAB _{NEXT FIELD:}

"I

016C 850000 DB _05fl+P,O,O ;PREVI0US LINE: "E 016F 980000 DB _18H+P,O,O _;NEXT _LINE: _"X

0172 9AOOOO DB _1AH+P,O,O ;FIELD MESSAGE _HELP: "Z

?

; 11. FUNCTION KEY TABLE P

g

0175 810000 FICHR: DB _O1FI+P,O,O _;LEAD-IN _CHARACTER: _soFt _("A)

0178 810000 DB _31H+P,O,O ;FUNCTI0N KEY 1

017B B20000 DB _32H+P,O,O _;FUNCTI0N _KEY 2

017E 830000 DB _33H+P,O,O _;FUNCTI0N KEY 3

0181 840000 DB _34R+P,O,O _;FUNCTI0¥ _{KEY 4}

0184 850000 DB _35H+P,O,O _;FUNCTI0N KEY 5

0187 860000 DB _36H+P,O,O _;FUNCTION _{KEY 6}

018A 870000 DB _37H+P,O,O _;FUNCTI0N _KEY 7

018D 880000 DB _38H+P,O,O _;FUNCTI0N KEY ₈

0190 800000 DB _N,O,0 _;NOT IMPLEMENTED

0193 800000 DB _N,0,O _;NOT _IMPLEMENTED

019C 800000 DB _N,0,O _;NOT _IMPLEMENTED

019F 800000 DB _N,0,O _;NOT _IMPLEMENTED

O1A2 800000 DB _N,O,0 _;NOT _IMPLEMENTED

O1A5 800000 DB _N,0,O _;NOT _IMPLEMENTED

0 :

; 12. HOME CURSOR DATA *

:

O1A8 8000000O0OHOME: DB _N,0,O,O,O _;NONE *

3

; 13. CLEAR SCREEN DATA O

9

O1AD 9A0O00OO00CLR: DB _{0IAH+P,0,O,O,O} _;"Z 0

9

; 14. PRINTER SKIP PERF P

g

; 0=OFF 1=ON

* g

0182 01 _PINIT: DB 1 _;ON

0 :

; 15. PRINTER LINE LENGTH 0

:

(10)

; 16. PRINTER LINES *

g

0184 42 DB ₆₆ ;66

0 g

; 17. PRINTER OVERFLOW LINE *

7

0185 40 DB ₆₄ ;64

* g

; 18. MISC TURBODOS PATCHES W

g

; SEE BELOW

0 g

; TurboOOS Ver. 1.22 1.3

V g

0186 5000 TDOSA: DB _50H,O _;FUNCTI0N _CALL ADDRESS _05H,O _50H,O

0188 OD DB ₁₃ _;SET _{COMPATIBILITY} FLAG 120 13

0189 12 DB ₁₈ _;SEND COMMAND _LINE ₁₀₈ ₁₈

O1BA IB DB ₂₇ _;PRINT MODE _SET ₇₆ ₂₇

O1BB 00000000 DB _0,0,0,0 _;LEAVE ROOM FOR MORE P

g

; 19. ATTRIBUTE TABLE e

g

; ORDER: DIM,BLINK,BLANK,REV,UND

O1BF 4002010408ÁTTBL: DB _{40H,02H,O1H,04H,08H} *

}

; 20. TERMINAL SIGN-ON MESSAGE 0

g

; MUST INCLUDE 32 POSITIONS *

g

O1C5 5465726D69ATRMSG: DB _'Terminal: _ADM-3A

','

'+P

0 © g

; DATA END

0 g 0 3 * 0 0 * ? *Y*k*T*7k**kTk>77M: _{"r\kl**>k>k:P***TkT*k7***gr**>:<**t"r\>m****lT::*P**7k} g , * y

; MISC. SUBROUTINES

--

USER MODIFIABLE *

. * g ·**>P**>k****a\*: _{k*M::k*>k****"r***y**k***kq"r*7*q"T*kP****7Y*t***:k*******>É} g 0 g

; XFER SUBROUTINES ARE USER MODIFIABLE. THE ENTRY ; POINT JUMP TABLE AT 0103H MUST BE MODIFIED TO

; REFLECT ADDRESS CHANGES. ALL REGISTERS CAN BE MODIFIED ; BUT TFIE STACK MUST BE PRESERVED.

0 g

; NOTE: NO CODE IS GIVEN--ONLY SUBROUTINE DEFINTIONS. 0

g

; TERMINAL INITIALIZE SUBROUTINE: CALLED ONCE BEFORE ; SIGN-ON.

P g

(11)

0 ?

; VISUAL ATTRIBUTE CONTROL 0

g * ?

; VISUAL ATTRIBUTE WRITE SET SUBROUTINE: SETS SPECIFIED ; VISUAL ATTRIBUTES AND POSITIONS CURSOR AT ROW/COL IN ; HL BEFORE WRITE.

0 g

; H=ROW L=C0L B=FLD LEN C=ATTR BYTE

g g

; ATTR BYTE

-

TRUE=1

* g

; (AS DEFINED ABOVE) 9

y

; BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O

; O DIM O O UNO REV BLINK BLANK

0 ?

; NOTE: MUST RETURN WITH CURSOR AT P0S(H,L) 0

?

;XFER1:

* ?

; ATTRIBUTE WRITE RESET SUBROUTINE: RESETS VISUAL ; ATTRIBUTES AFTER WRITE IF NECESSARY.

* ?

;XFER2:

e 7

; VISUAL ATTRIBUTE READ SET SUBROUTINE: SETS SPECIFIED ; VISUAL ATTRIBUTES AND POSITIONS CURSOR AT ROW/COL IN ; FIL BEFORE READ IF NECESSARY.

0 g

; H=R0W L=C0L !3=FLD LEN C=ATTR BYTE 0

:

; ATTR BYTE

-

TRUE=1

0 g

; BITS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O

; O DIM O O UNO REV BLINK BLANK

0 g 0 g

; NOTE: MUST RETURN WITH CURSOR AT P0S(H,L) 0

g

;XFER3:

* g

; ATTRIBUTE READ RESET SUBROUTINE: RESETS VISUAL ; ATTRIBUTES AFTER READ IF NECESSARY.

0 y

;XFER4:

0 :

; CLEAR RESIDUAL ATTRIBUTES: CLEARS VISUAL ATTRIBUTES ; AFTER INTERRUPTION.

0 ?

;XFER5:

0 g

; GET TIME SUBROUTINE: STORE HH: MM:SS AT ADDRESS

(12)

?

;XFER6:

0 g

; GET DATE SUBROUTINE: STORE YYYYMMDD AT ADDRESS ; POINTED TO BY REG HL. USE 00000000 IF DATE NOT ; AVAILABLE.

0 }

;XFER7:

W g

(13)

\

DéltaBASTC _LiK=&e

MTRñWk Read _this _license _{C.&.l=f!=é.P¿} _carefully _opening _this _packíge.

If

you do not agree with the terns and conditions ccntained herein, _return the unoµ'ned package _to DéltaSoft, _Inc., 7524

S. Broadway Suite 119, Tyler, Texas 7SU3.

I_. License

MtaSoft, Inc. _agrees to grant to the Licmsee, upon tjE Licensee's acceptance of the terms and conditions _{of this} agreerent, a rmtransferable and ncnexclusive license to use the DeltaSoft, Inc. software enclosed _in the accQmnying µEkage·

2. _Restrictions _on Use The

Li

agrees _to use the enclosed software only cm the ccimµiter sc) deságnated _{on the} licmse

registration form. Neither _this license _{nor the encksed} software _{tray be asiñgned,} sublicensed, _or otherwise transferred by the Liumsee without _written permission _{of IkltaSoft,} Inc.

3. 'Back-up Copies of Program

The Lícmsee _{my náke up} _to twD _copies _of _{tiie enclosed} _software _provided

it

is for the Liamsee's

.

4. Copies of Documentation

The

Li

my not copy in whcñe

or in part the enc1Q8ed

dttaticn

or related mteria1s.

Addition copies _of the _{d«trrmtation} _can _te obtained _fran DeltaSoft, _Inc., 7425 S. Bruadway Suite 119, _Tyler, Texas 75703.

5. Modif ication

The Licensee _tray _nrdify the _prc)gr= only to Üe! extent _to adapt

it

to a terminal or

printer. No _other _{rtrxlificatícns}

my be wade.

6. Copyrig?n" _Notice The SO: ÉF

7rq, CiCf"tmmtation, and related mterials contained herein are copyrighted by Ik1taSoft, Inc. The ¡jL¿jeiIsee

agrees not to rgIr)ve any copyright notices. Fírrther,

tN

Licmsee agrees to reprMuce such notices _{on any copies} _of the software mde by the Licensee.

7. NcyÉFdigtlosttre

M

úcEm!e agrrm not _to provide, disclose, _{or otherwise} make _available

any lkltaSoft, Inc.

softmre, dcrmmtátion or related mteria1s to any Ferson other than errployees of the Licensee and then only _{to tjiz extmt} _to conduct business _of Ü1e _Licensee.

8. TetiM _{of License}

The 1ica1g? _sMll remain _{in effect for} such perícxj _{as Úe! Licmsee} ccrrplíes _vith the

t

and

tmditions

_a

the

li.

The License _is sub_{ject to} cancellation by IELtaSoft, Inc. _{for faihre of} LioeEsee _to tmp1y _{with tie t«irg} and conditions _{of this}

li.

9. EMmncelmmts and Updates Re! verskm _{of sdímre,}

dttation,

and related mteria1s was currmt at the time this µíckage

~mmfa±ured.

si±scri!

to the DékaSoft, _Inc. Soft\Ñare Uµjate Prcgram. 10. _Limited _Warrmty

,

mftware, _d(mn=athm, and related mrpri·l1q enclcsed _{in this} Facikage. DéltaSoft, Inc. d'q"1'Af'!'q

_all

_hiplied _warranties _of _{mercMntabi1ity}

or for a µírticular FurpKjge. IkltzGoft,

Inc. diá11 _{mt te liable for} ccnsequaitial damges _{or related} _{expenses evm}

if

mtified oF the

p~intyofsiKhda=.

TheIÁceEEEm]sttl~ltjlmuu~ingthisprum.

(14)

This form inust be _fi.l-led _out and _returned _{to DeltaSoft,}

_Inc.,

S. Broadway

Suite 1!9, Tyler, Texas 75703 _within 30 days

_after

purchase _{to ensure proper}

registration.

Serial number:

Computer system _on _{which the software}

_will

be used:

Serial number _of computer _system:

T

, (Licensee") , agree to the terms and

conditions of the DeltaSoft, Inc. DeltaBASÍC _License Agreement _enclosed.

_If

the software package _was _not purchased by _an _individual, T

represent that

_I

am

the authorized agent of the company named below.

signature of individual _{or agent} representing company date Address

City/State Zip Code

Phone No. ( )

I

am lam _not enclosiñf' $75.00 for _a

one-year subscription to the DeltaSoft, Inc. Software Update Program. T _{understand that} _by _subscribing,

(15)

COPYRIGHT NOTIICE

Copyright

_DeltaSoft,

_Inc.

All

Rights

Reserved

All

material

in this

publication

is copyrighted.

No

_part

_may be

reproduced

_in

_any form whatsoever

_{without written}

_{permission of}

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Inc.,

7524 S. Broadway,

_Suite

119,

_Tyler,

Texas, 75703.

TRADEMARK NOTICE

CP/M _and MP/M

are trademarks of

Digital

Research. TurboDOS

is

a

trademark of Software 2000,

_Inc.

IBM System/34

_is

a trademark of IBM

_Corporation.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

DeltaSoft,

Inc.

makes no _express _or

implied warranty of

_any

kind

with respect

to the _use of the

_{contents of this}

_publication.

DeltaSoft,

Inc. expressly disclaims

_all

implied warranties

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merchantability

or

fitness

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_purpose.

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circumstances

be

liable

for consequential

(16)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section

I

Introduction

Features of DeltaBASIC

1-l

Organization

of the Reference Manual

...

l—1

4 _Basic

_Operation

The Command/Prograin

_Edit

Mode

...

4-l

Editing

Keys

...

4-l

The Program

_Execution

Node

...

4-l

Section

5 Commands

Description

...

5-l

AUTO

....

_...

5-2

CLEAR

GO

. . 5-7

HELP

...

. . 5-B

LIST .

...

5-lO

LISTP

...

5-ll

LOAD _5-12 OFF

...

5-13 RENAME . 5-14 RUN

...

5-lS

SAVE

...

5-16

Section

6 _Statements

FORM

...

6-ll

GOSUB

...

6-15

GOTO

...

6-16

IF/THEN/ELSE...

6-17 INPUT

...

6-18 LET

...

6-19

LIXPUT

...

6-20

ON _ATTN

...

6-21

ON

Error Condition

...

6-22

ON _GOSUB

...

6-23

ON _GOTO

...

6-24

ON _RESTORE

...

6-25

OPEN

_(disk

file)

_...

6-26

OPEN _(work

_station

file)

_...

6-28

OPTION

...

6-29 PRINT

_{(unformatted)}

...

6-30 PRINT

_(formatted)

...

6-31 READ

_(internal

data)...

6-32 READ

_(disk

file)

_...

6-33

READ _(work

_station

file)

_...

6-34

REM

...

6-35

RESET

...

_...

6-36

RESTORE

...

6-37

RETURN _.

...

6-38

REWRITE

_(disk

file)

_...

6-39

REWRITE

_(workstation

file)

_...

6-40

STOP

...

6-42

WRITE

_(disk

file)

_...

6-43

WRITE

_(workstation

file)

_...

6-44

Section

7

Intrinsic

Functions

Description

Intrinsic

Character Functions ..

7-4

CF1R$

....

. 7-4

...

8-ll

SOU

...

B-12

I/O

Description

...

.

C-l

...

_...

C-6

Update Mode

...

C-7

Keyed Access

...

C-9

Random _{by Key/Output} Mode

...

C-lO

Random by

_Key/lnput

Mode

...

C-ll

Random by Key/Update Mode _C-12

Sequential

by

_Key/lnput

Mode

...

C-13

Sequential

by Key/Update Mode

(19)

Appendix D _Formatted _Data

Entry

Screens

Description

...,...

D-l

Data

_{Entry Attributes}

...

Section

1. INTRODUCTION

DeltaBASIC _was _{designed to} meet _your needs for a versatile but easy-to-use

business programming language.

_Its

most important features include:

l.

Versatile disk

_file

access

for

Unproved data management

2. _{Formatted data entry screens for better} _{user interfacing} and _more

complete

_utilization

of computer system _capability

3. Decimal arithmetic _{(8 or} 16

_digits)

_for improved _accuracy.

To _take

_full

_{advantage of these} and _other _features _of DeltaBASIC, _you _should become

_familiar

_{with the} commands and _statements _described _in

_this

manual. The _reference manual

_is

_organized _as _follows:

Sections 2 and 3 _define _{the terms} and _{abbreviations} used _in

_this

manual.

Section 4 _describes _{the basic operating} modes _of DeltaBASIC.

Sections 5 _through 7 _describe _the _commands,

statements, and _functions

available

_for

use in DeltaBASIC.

Section 8 _describes _various

utility

programs that provide support functions

to programs

_written

in DeltaBASIC. Appendix A

lists

error codes and

their

meanings.

Appendix B

lists

the reserved words _that have

_restricted

_use _in DeltaBASIC

programs.

Appendix C _describes

DeltaBASIC's disk

_file

I/O features. Appendix D _describes

the powerful formatted _{data entry screen features of} DeltaBASIC.

Appendix E

provides information concerning multi-user

_{capabilities.}

Appendix F _{discusses DeltaBASIC's compatibility} _{with other} BASIC

implementations.

(21)

Section

2. DEFINITIONS Constants

Values that remain the same during program execution _{are called} constants. Numeric _constants _{are accepted within} the range 1.OE-62 to 9.99...E+62 and

have _a _selectable _precision _of 8 _or 16

_{significant digits}

_{(see the} OPTION

statement). Character constants are formed by enclosing alphanumeric characters in quotation marks. _Character _constants can be from O to 255

characters

_in

length.

Examples: _2.45

1.3E-20

"JAMES SMITH"

Variables

Values that can change during program execution _{are called} variables.

Variables take two possible forms: _{numeric or character.} Numeric _variables have _the _same _size

_restraints

_as _constants (above). Character variables can have _any _length _from 1

to 255 _characters, _{with the length} _{assigned using the} DIM _statement.

_(If

_no _length

_is

_assigned,

it

is

automatically set at 18

characters.) Either _{numeric or character} variables can be used in arrays. Each _variable _must be _given _{a name} _consisting _of

_l

_to 8 _alphanumeric

characters (A-Z, 0-9). The

_first

_character _{of the} _name must be _alphabetic. The _name _of _a _character _variable must end _with _a

_dollar

_{sign ($)·}

Examples: RATE CUSTOMER$

CNST(I0,5)

TABLE$(I)

Numeric and _character _variables _cannot have _the _same _name;

_le.,

DAY _and _DAY$

cannot be used _{in the} _same _program. _Certain words _{are reserved}

_for

_use by DeltaBASIC and _may _not be used _as _variable _names. _For _a

list

of these reserved words, see Appendix B.

Numeric _Expressions

Numeric _expressions _are composed _{of numeric variables} and _constants,

_intrinsic

numeric functions, arithmetic operators (+,

,*,/,"),

and _parentheses.

Algebraic rules _are used _{to establish} precedence _for _evaluating _a _numeric

expression:

(22)

First:

_l.

Expressions within parentheses

2. _{Exponentiation} _(^) 3. _Negation

_(-)

4.

_{Multiplication (*),}

_Division

_(l)

Last: 5. _Addition _(+), _Subtraction

_(-)

When _equal precedence

_is

_encountered, _evaluation proceeds _from

_left

_to

_right.

Examples: _-35/2

2*SQRT(X"2+Y"2)+180

Character Expressions

Character expressions _are composed _{of character} _variables and _constants,

concatenation operators (&), and

_intrinsic

_character _functions. Examples: A$&" DB"

STR$(65)

Relational Expressions

Relational expressions _are composed _of two _{numeric expressions} _or two

character expressions separated by _a

_relational

_operator. The _valid

relational

operators are <,>,=, or a combination of two of these. The

combination <> means "not equal

_to".

Relational expressions _{are evaluated} by

the program as either _{true or false.} Examples: HOURS<=12

FIRST$>LAST$&"A"

Logical Expressions

Logical expressions _are composed _of

_relational

_expressions,

_logical

_operators (NOT, AND, and OR), and _parentheses. _Logical _expressions _{are evaluated} by _the program as either _{true or false.} Evaluation precedence

is

as follows:

First:

1. _{Expressions within} _parentheses 2. NOT

3. AND

Last: 4. OR

When _equal precedence

_is

_encountered, _evaluation proceeds _from

_left

_to

_right.

Examples: NOT(A<B)

(C$<>TEUP$) AND _A<l

(23)

Section

3. ABBREVIATIONS

The _following _{abbreviations} _are used _{to simplify} _the commands, _statements, and

functions described in

_this

manual. num—cnst _{numeric constant}

char-cnst character constant

cnst constant——either numeric or character

cnst-list

constant

_list

(comma used as separator) num-var numeric variable _{or numeric array element}

char-var character variable _{or character} _{array element}

var variable——either numeric, character, or array element

var-list

variable

_list

(comma used _as _separator) num-expr numeric expression

char-expr character expression

expr-list

expression

_list

(comma used _as _separator) num—fnc _{numeric function}

char-fnc character function

rel—expr

_relational

expression

rel-optr

relational

operator log-expr

_logical

expression log-optr

_logical

_operator

char-str character

_string--not

_{enclosed in quotes} line-num.

_line

number (1—65534)

file-ref

_file

reference (1-254)

drv: name.typ disk

_file

drive, name, and _type.

RETURN

the RETURN _key

(return key) _{press the} RETURN _key

ATTN _{the attention} key _(usually _the ESCAPE _key)

I/O input/output

Throughout the remainder of the manual, _braces

_(l))

_indicate _optional

parameters. The _{braces themselves are not part of the format.}

(24)

Section

4. BASIC OPERATION

As _with most BASIC _{interpreters,} DeltaBASIC has two operational modes: _the comrnand/program _edit mode and _the _program _execution mode.

To _bring _up _the command/program _edit niode from _{the operating} _{system, enter} DBASIC

_(return

_key)

Then, _after _sign-on, _you _can _either _load _an _existing _program _{from disk or}

enter the lines of a new program. The command/program mode allows you _to

enter commands, add _lines _{to the current} _program, _or change _or _remove _existing

lines.

Certain special keys _that _can be used when _{in the} command/program

_edit

mode

are

listed

below. The caret

(")

means the control key

is

held down while the key

_is

_pressed.

"H Moves _{the cursor to the}

_left

_one _character.

"l. Moves _{the cursor to the}

_right

_one _character.

"J Moves _{the cursor} _up _one

_{line (rnultiline}

_statements). "K Moves _{the cursor} down _one

_{line (multiline}

_statements). ^B Moves _{the cursor to the beginning of the}

_line.

"O _{Turns the insert} _capability _on/off.

^G

Deletes one character _{to the}

right.

RUB OUT _Deletes

one character to the

left.

RETURN _{Enters the} _cominand

or

line.

These key _choices _may _vary, depending _on computer system and _terminal _used. To _{enter the} _program _execution mode _{from the} command/program

edit

mode, _enter RUN

_(return

_key)

Execution

_will

begin with the

_first

_line

of the current program and continue

until

a STOP, END, _or OFF _statement

_is

executed or an untrapped error occurs. The _program _can _also be _interrupted by _pressing _the ATTN _key.

To _{enter the} _program _execution mode

_directly

frorn _{the operating} _{system, enter} DBASIC

_jdrv:

_}name{.BAS}

_(return

_key)

where _the

_file

_narne _refers _to _{a DeltaBASIC} _program saved _{in non-source form.}

After DeltaBASIC _loads, _the _program

_will

_load and _{begin execution.}

(25)

Section

5. COMMANDS

The _following DeltaBASÍC commands _are used _{to control} such _tasks _as _clearing a program froin memory _{or loading} a program frorn disk. Commands _{are not usually}

found in programs but are executed

directly

from the keyboard while De1taBASIC

is

in the command/program _edit mode. To _enter _{a command,} _{type the} command name and any appropriate parameters, then press the RETURN _key.

(26)

AUTO _{{line--num,mm—cnst)} The AUTO _command _{automatically}

generates

_line

numbers, _freeing _you _{frorn the}

task of typing a

line

number before entering each _{step of your program.} Numbering _{begins with line-num} and

_is

_incremented by _num-cnst.

If

line-num

and _{num-cnst are not specified,} numbering

_will

_{begin with} 10 and _increment by

5.

_If

a duplicate

line

number _occurs, the old

line is

displayed instead of a

blank

_line.

To end _the AUTO _mode _and

return to the command/prograrn

edit

mode,

press the ATTN key.

Example:

AUTO

_(return

_key)

A _blank

line

with

_line

number 10 _{appears at the bottom of the screen with} _the

cursor positioned for

editing.

When the

_will

be 10.

(27)

CLEAR

The CLEAR command _closes _any _open

_files,

_{then clears} _the _program and _data

areas of memory.

Be _{careful—-this} command _{permanently erases}

_all

_the _program and _data

information currently in memory.

It

is

not possible to recover

this

information.

Example:

CLEAR

_(return

_key)

Open

_files

_{are closed} and _{the current} _program and _{data areas are cleared from} memory. DeltaBASIC _{then returns} _{to the} command/program

_edit

mode.

(28)

DEL line—mm

_I

{,líne—num 2)

The DEL command _removes _line-num 1

or, when a second

line

number

is

entered,

all

lines from _line-num 1 _{through line-num} _2. _{DEL does} _close

all

open

files.

Examples:

DEL 35

_(return

_key)

Line 35

_is

removed _{from the} _program. DEL _100,200

_(return

_key)

Lines lOó _through 200 _inclusive _are removed.

(29)

FILES {drv:

_}

The FII.FS command _displays _a _directory _{of the}

_files

_file

_{from the disk.} The

_file

_name and

_file

type are both required.

_If

the disk drive

_is

not specified, the default disk drive

_is

assumed.

FREE can also be used _as _a _{statement in} _{a program.} Examples:

FREE PAYMÁS.BAS

_(return

_key)

The PAYMÁS.BAS

_file

_is

removed _{from the default} _drive. FREE C:_PAYTRN.DTA

_(return

_key)

The PAYTRN.DTA

_file

_is

removed _{from disk drive} C.

(31)

GO _{line—mm}

{END)

The GO _command

starts the program running again

after

a _non-error

interruption.

(Non-error interruptions include pressing the ATTN key and

execution of a STOP statement.)

If

lines _{are not} added _or removed during the

interruption,

variables _{are preserved} and _disk

_files

_are

_left

open. The _primary _use _of GO

is

in debugging a program. STOP lines _{are placed at}

various points in the program so that program and variable status can be

checked. GO _{then permits execution}

to resume at the specified

line

number or——if _no

_line

number

_is

_{specified--at} _{the next}

_line.

_If

_lines _are added, removed, _or changed, _execution

_{will start}

_{at the}

_first

_line

_{of the} _program.

If

after interrupting

a program,

_it

is

decided that resumption of the program

is

not needed, _the GO END _command

closes

_all

open

files

_{to prevent loss of}

data and ends _the _program. Example:

20 A=16*B+C 21 STOP

30 _IF A<30 THEN 40 35 B=A+C

40 A=A+1

* * 0

Line 21 has been _inserted _so _that _{the values of} _A, B, and C

can be printed and

checked. After

_this

has been done, _entering GO

causes execution to resume at

line

30.

If

the ATTN key

_is

pressed

_{just just}

_as

_line

35

_is

_to be _executed, GO

will

continue execution at

line

35. GO ₄₀ _would

cause program execution to

_start

at

line

40.

(32)

HELP _{parameter)

The HELP command _causes _the computer _{to display} an explanatory message. The message displayed depends on the parameter specified, as follows:

HELP

Displays a message to explain the

_last

_error. To _conserve _memory, _error codes

are abbreviated. Because you may have trouble

interpreting

these codes at

first,

the HELP command _provides _{the additional} _information needed _to

understand them. As _you _learn _the meaning _{of the abbreviated} _error _{codes, the} HELP

_facility

_will

become _{less important.}

HELP mm—cnst

Displays a message to explain the error whose number

_is

_given by _{the numeric}

constant. Error numbers _{are given in} Appendix A. HELP command _name

statement name

function name

Displays a

brief

explanation of the command, _statement, _{or function.} Examples:

20 _IF COUNT>3 THAN A=lO

Line 20 _contains _a _{syntax error:} THAN _should be THEN. When

_line

20

_is

executed, an _error

is

detected and

this

message displayed:

(I)

SYNTAX _Error _{in Line} 20

While the meaning _of

_this

_error

_is

_probably _clear enough, _entering HELP

_will

provide

_this

additional information:

SYNTAX ERROR: _an _{unrecognizable} cotnmand/statement _was _encountered.

Suppose _you _correct _the THEN _error and

_try

_{again to execute.} _{This time} _a

different

error message _appears.

(2) SYN EDS _Error

in

Line 20

Although the abbreviation SYN _clearly _points

to a _{syntax error,} the EDS may be

a

little

mysterious. Entering HELP gives

this

additional information:

SYNTAX ERROR _AT END OF _STATEMENT:

colon or

line

end _expected.

EDS

is

short

_for

"END OF STATEMENT". _{Looking at the} end _of

_line

20, _you _see

that the

_letter

O

was used instead of the number O. Changing

this

makes

line

20 _correct.

HELP 10

_(return

_key)

The HELP _message

_for

_error number 10

_is

_displayed.

(33)

LIST _{line—mm}

The LIST command

line will

be _positioned _near _{the bottom of the screen with the cursor located}

at the

_first

character of the

_line.

At

_this

point, you can change the

line

and _place

it

back _in _memory by _pressing _the RETURN _key. _{In addition}

to the

command/program _edit _mode

cursor control keys (see BASIC OPERATION, Section 4), the following special keys _{are activated} _at

_this

_time:

"E Move _{to the previous}

_{line in}

_{the program.} "X Move _{to the next}

_line

_{in the} _program.

Example:

LIST 120

_(return

key)

The _program

_{is listed}

_with

_line

120 _{near the bottom of the screen.} The _cursor

appears at the beginning of

line

120 so that the

line

can be changed.

Pressing the RETURN key _replaces _the

_line

_{in the} _program.

(34)

LISTE' _{(line—mm l,line—num} 2)

The LISTP command

_lists

_{the current} _program _{to the}

_printer

_(the

_list

_device)

either in

_{its entirety}

_{or over the optional}

_line

number _range _(1ine-num 1

through líne-num 2).

Examples:

LISTP

_(return

key)

The _entire _program

_{is listed}

_{to the}

printer.

LISTP 100,300

_(return

key)

Program _lines IDO _through 300 _are

_listed

_{to the}

_printer.

(35)

LOAD {drv: }name{.typ){,S}

The LOAD command _{loads the} named DeltaBASIC _program frorn _disk. The

_file

_name can include a disk drive reference and

file

type. The S option

is

used to

load a _{source (ASCII)}

file.

The defaults

file

types are BAS for _non-source

files

and SRC

for

source

files.

Open

_files

_{are closed before loading} _begins. _Loading _a _non-source

_file

_clears

the data area of memory, thus destroying

all

previously defined variables.

Loading a _source program also clears the data area, but the program _area

is

left intact,

with the new program merged into the current program. In case

of duplicate

_line

numbers, _{the old}

_{line is}

_replaced by _the _new

_line.

Examples:

LOAD PAYMAIN

_(return

_key)

The _program PAYMAIN.BAS (BAS

_is

_{the default}

file

type)

_is

loaded into memory. LOAD C:_PAYMAIN,S

_(return

_key)

The _{source (ASCII)} _program PAYMAIN.SRC

_is

_{loaded from drive} C, _{merging with}

the current program.

(36)

OFF _{char-expr}

The OFF command _returns _control _{to the operating} system

_after

_first

closing any open

files.

For computer systems using TurboDOS and CP/M _3.0, _the

optional character expression specifies a command

line

to be _executed _upon

return to the operating system.

OFF can be used _as _program _statement _{to terminate} _program _execution. _Unlike

the END

statement, which returns to the command/program edit mode, OFF _returns

to the operating system.

Example:

OFF

_(return

_key)

Operation _returns _{to the operating} system

_after

closing any open

files.

999 OFF "KEYSORT CUSMAS"

In CP/M _{2.2 systems, the} _program _terminates _and

returns control to the operating system. In TurboDOS and CP/M _{3.0 systems, the} _program _terminates,

returns control to the operating system, and _{then begins execution} _{of the}

specified command

_line.

(37)

RENAME _(drv:_)name _l{.typ},name _2{.typ)

The RENAME _command _changes _the

name of the

file

specified by name 1 to the new name specified by name 2. The

file

to be renamed must already exist and _the new name must _not be _the _same _as _that _of _an _existing

_file.

Example:

RENAME _{PAYNAS.BAS,PAYMAS.BAK}

_(return

_key) The

_file

PAYMAS.BAS

_is

renamed PAYMAS.BAK.

(38)

RUN

The RUN _command

executes the DeltaBASIC _program _currently _in _memory. _Before

execution begins, _{the data area of} memory

is

cleared and any open

files

_are

closed.

Example:

RUN

_(return

_key)

Program _execution _{begins at the}

first

line

of the current program.

(39)

SAVE _{{drv: }name{.typ}{,S}}

The SAVE command _saves _the DeltaBASIC _program _currently _in _memory _storing

it

on the disk in the specified drive and

in

a

file

of the specified name and

type. Certain words _{are reserved}

_for

_use by DeltaBASIC and _may _not be used _as

disk

_file

names. For a

list

of these reserved words, see Appendix B. With

the S

option, the program

_is

saved _{in source (ASCII) form.} The _defaults

_file

types are BAS

_for

_non-source

_files

and SRC _for

source

files.

Examples:

SAVE D: PAYMAS

_(return

_key)

The _program _in _memory

_is

saved _{using the}

_file

_name PAYMAS _and

type BAS on the disk in D _drive. _{Non-source form}

is

used. SAVE H0URS,S

_(return

_key)

The _program

_in

_memory

_is

saved _on _{the default} _drive _{using the}

file

name HOURS and _type SRC. Source _{(ASCII) form}

_is

used.