Competency framework COMPUTING AND INTERNET CERTIFICATE (C2i)

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Competency framework

COMPUTING AND INTERNET CERTIFICATE (C2i)

Mission Numérique pour l'Enseignement Supérieur (MINES - DGESIP)

(Digital Mission for Higher Education)

Ministry of Higher Education and Research

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MINES - DGESIP Page 2 of 16 June 2012

DETAILED

COMPETENCE

REFERENCE

FRAMEWORK

FOR C2I

LEVEL 2

-‐

HEALTHCARE

PROFESSIONS

The competence reference framework for C2i level 2 "Healthcare professions" (C2i2ms) consists of: ⎯Three crosscutting domains for all C2i level 2 certificates, tailored for the healthcare professions:

• Domain D1: To know and respect the rights and obligations linked to digital operations in a professional context

• Domain D2: To manage strategies for the research and exploitation of digital information and maximising its use

• Domain D3: To foster professional collaboration using digital technology ⎯A specific domain for the “healthcare professions” sector

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DOMAINS

COMMON

TO

ALL

SPECIALISMS

DOMAIN

1:

T

O KNOW AND RESPECT THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS LINKED TO DIGITAL OPERATIONS IN A PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT

Domains Competences

D1: To know and respect the rights and obligations linked to digital operations in a professional context

1. To adhere to and integrate legislation relating to the protection of individual freedoms

2. To adhere to and integrate legislation on digital works linked to the professional field

3. To adhere to and integrate the legal aspects relating to the protection and accessibility of professional information

Introduction

The creation and processing of digital information are governed and ordered by a set of laws, regulations and legal decisions which all professionals must know and adhere to when exercising their profession.

This means in particular that the professional should be in a position:

- to distinguish clearly between digital information of a personal nature and digital information of a professional nature;

- to handle and distribute professional data under a legal framework, whether or not they contain information of a personal nature;

- to adapt their behaviour and practices on the basis of the legal provisions governing all users.

Specific nature and context for the implementation of this domain for the healthcare

professions:

Healthcare professionals must respect the legal and statutory dimensions governing their profession. These rights and obligations apply to all interactions, whether with patients or other professionals but also with administrative authorities. Healthcare professionals have to store, share and communicate details from a patient's healthcare record and allow the patient to access it. These data are now on digital media, which makes them easier to handle whilst complying with statutory and legal requirements. It is necessary for any healthcare professional to acquire knowledge of and competence in accessing and using this information and the resulting rights and obligations. The security and confidentiality of this sensitive information, the protection of individual freedoms and the protection of digital works remain a major problem in the healthcare sector.

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COMPETENCE

D1.1:

T

O ADHERE TO AND INTEGRATE LEGISLATION RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF

INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS

Introduction

Healthcare professionals have to create and handle personal identifying data: using such data is regulated, so they must be able to comply with these regulations in all aspects of their professional activity. This includes professional registration with the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL), adhering to professional confidentiality, respect for privacy, access to patients’ files, guaranteeing anonymity of data used in healthcare communications, protecting and archiving patients' files etc

Aptitudes

- To respect patient information and consent

- To comply with the regulations relating to the storage and extraction of patient data

- To comply with the regulations relating to requests for access to patients' files and manage the transmission of information from a given patient’s file

- To find sources of information in order to respond to a legal healthcare question

- To implement the security of digital operations (access, sharing, etc) relating to sensitive identifying data in accordance with the legislation in force

Associated knowledge

- Responsibilities of the professional in respect of digital operations: ethical rights and duties

- Sources of information on statutory Healthcare documents and rules in force in France and in Europe - Principles of the protection of individual freedoms

- Rules for sharing and transmitting patient files

COMPETENCE

D1.2:

T

O ADHERE TO AND INTEGRATE LEGISLATION ON DIGITAL WORKS LINKED TO THE

PROFESSIONAL FIELD

Introduction

Healthcare professionals routinely use digital works, and must guarantee compliance with the regulations on the use of digital works used in the workplace (for example ensure compliance with copyright, anonymisation of the digital works used, the absence of plagiarism)

Aptitudes

- To manage the presentation of scientific knowledge on digital media, including digital works whilst complying with copyright laws

- To use information from patient files for training whilst respecting confidentiality

Associated knowledge

- Intellectual and property right applied to the digital operation (copyright, on line editing, etc) - Principles of plagiarism

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COMPETENCE

D1.3:

T

O ADHERE TO AND INTEGRATE THE LEGAL ASPECTS RELATING TO THE

PROTECTION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION

Introduction

Healthcare professionals produce and use professional data: accessing and using such data are subject to regulation (for example when inputting patient information, automated processing in the context of clinical and translational research or the Medicalisation Programme for PMSI Information Systems for accessing,

maintaining and archiving patient files etc)

Aptitudes

- To implement the main legal and ethical aspects, security and securing of computerised healthcare information

- To identify scenarios requiring access to medical information by the care, telemedicine and administration teams, teams managing illnesses requiring compulsory notification and authorised third parties

- To advise on studies about the confidentiality, security and ethics of using patient data (for example individual or collective use for a clinical or epidemiological investigation)

Associated knowledge

- The principles of the protection and accessibility of professional information

- The legislation and the statutory framework for biomedical research in France and obtaining and using professional databases (CPP, AFSSAPS, CNIL etc)

- The main rules governing information relating to individuals (for example, the reason for gathering such data, the relevance of such data, the limited retention time, security and confidentiality, respect for human rights)

- The CNIL practical records and the legal framework for healthcare data, the use of social security numbers (NIR), the national healthcare ID codes

- Reforms of the healthcare system

- Law of 4 March 2002 (Patients’ rights and quality of care) - Law of Public Healthcare and HPST law

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D

OMAIN

D2:

T

O MANAGE STRATEGIES FOR THE RESEARCH AND EXPLOITATION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION AND MAXIMISING ITS USE

D2: To manage strategies for the research and exploitation of digital information and maximising its use

1. To produce and implement a strategy for researching information in a professional context

2. To produce and implement a strategy for monitoring information in a professional context

3. To produce a strategy for developing and assessing professional competences

Introduction

Professionals are faced with growing bibliographic needs in the widest sense of the term, as part of their professional activity. Whether updating their own personal knowledge or extending their fields of knowledge and information, professionals need to find information efficiently, to assess its quality using appropriate tools, and develop an information monitoring system for their professional topics. Finally, when producing information as part of their work, professionals must also distribute and maximise the use of that information.

The specifics of implementing this domain for healthcare professions within their work:

Healthcare professionals must be in a position to identify relevant sources of information, to carry out efficient research, to assess the quality of their own research and to structure the information obtained in order to create documents to be retained and circulated. Once the information has been found, there are two main stages: assessing the quality of that information, and communicating it to the patient, to other professionals or to the scientific community. Faced with a multitude of sources of abundant and complex information, healthcare professionals have to develop real expertise in researching information and in medical communication both for their own clinical practice and as part of their teaching and research activities.

COMPETENCE

D2.1:

T

O PRODUCE AND IMPLEMENT A STRATEGY FOR RESEARCHING INFORMATION IN A

PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT

Introduction

There is a plethora of information available on healthcare and this is accessible through various channels. It is important for healthcare professionals to be able to find the necessary information efficiently by using specialist sources. This information is essential in order to produce a diagnosis, inform a patient or a care team, suggest a treatment etc. Healthcare professionals must know how to find, collate and exchange healthcare information efficiently and to judge its quality.

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Aptitudes

- To define a specific theme and plan a documentary research strategy, and analyse the requirement for information using tools available on-line

- To interrogate specialist healthcare databases such as PubMed, BDSP, Pascal, Cochrane and the healthcare portals CISMEF, Healthcare On the Net HON and Université Médicale Virtuelle Francophone UMVF - To use the various functions and filters (search for publications by author, by type, by field) for advanced

searches in those databases

- To master the functions of a thesaurus (MESH…) from PubMed (MeSH database) and CISMeF (Portail Terminologique de Santé (PTS) (Healthcare Terminology Portal))

- To assess the results of a search for information and the relevance of the documents found (for example Evidence Based Medicine)

- To search for and find validated scientific information based on convincing medical data (HON, Central Santé etc)

- To save and organise the results of a documentary search using bibliography software (Zotero, EndNote, JabRef, Bibtek etc)

- To recognise healthcare sites for the wider public which comply with the quality criteria of the Healthcare on the Net foundation (HON certification)

Associated knowledge

- Types of information sources:primary, secondary, meta-analysis, “deep web”, grey literature.

- The notions of metadata, taxonomy and the principles of indexation by key word, by type of article, by population studied, etc

- The existence and structure of major bibliography bases in their field: PubMed, EMBASE, Pascal and the main documentary sources for that field (CISMeF, great editors’ sites (Elsevier ScienceDirect, WileyInterscience, Springerlink etc))

- The different terminologies, ontologies, and codes used in the healthcare field: MeSH, CIM, ATC, MedDRA, SNOMED, CCAM etc

- The existence of non-bibliographical information and their sources:

o Biological IT, enzymatic and metabolic bases (UNIPROT, EMBL, SRS portal, Metacyc, Brenda, KEGG, Enzyme etc)

o Physical-chemical, medicinal, factual, clinical and toxicological bases (Merck, Vidal, Cochrane, NIST, WolframAlpha, ToxNet etc)

o Official sources: ministry, healthcare agencies and bodies (AFSSAPS, INVS, HAS, Orphanet, ASIP Santé etc)

- Evaluations of the quality and reliability of information: HONcode, NetScoring, Evidence Based Medicine

COMPETENCE

D2.2:

T

O PRODUCE AND IMPLEMENT A STRATEGY FOR MONITORING INFORMATION IN A

PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT

Introduction

It is important not only to know how to find and archive the necessary information and assess its quality but also to update it whilst being informed of any data and new discovery. Implementing automated documentary monitoring avoids wasting time with a new search on the subject being studied.

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Aptitudes

- To create personal profiles on documentary sites and to save searches (such as with MyNCBI)

- To create documentary monitoring alerts for new publications complying with saved searches or for selected literature indices (for example with NCBI Home, HAS)

- To master and manage RSS flows, both for requests for documentary searches (PubMed and editors’ sites editors) and for news distributed by institutional sites (alerts from the HAS at the AFSSAPS, the INVS bulletin etc)

- To be able to use bibliography management software (Zotero, endNote, BibTek, JabRef etc)

Associated knowledge

- The digital tools for electronic document management

C

OMPETENCE D

2.3:

T

O PRODUCE A STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING AND HARNESSING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES

Introduction

Having completed their initial training, healthcare professionals have to continue training throughout their professional careers. This so-called continuous training enables them to update their healthcare knowledge but also to acquire new competences. They can thus assess their competences with open distance learning but also by publications or oral communication of works completed.

Aptitudes

- To organise, summarise and present their knowledge to different groups (patients, colleagues, students in initial training etc)

- To use computerised reference management software to manage their own bibliographic database, organise it and use it to compile reports with a standard layout and format

- To export their bibliographic results in different formats and import them into reference management software

- To produce a scientific research report, a scientific article, a posted communication - To prepare and present a verbal communication

- To use the main formats and styles used in publications in accordance with author instructions and to follow the style conventions for quotations requested by publishers

- To use distance learning and continuous personal development tools

Associated knowledge

- The distribution circuit for scientific information (publishers, open sources, publication procedures, review, impact factor), the scientific publication environment

- The most current bibliography formats (Vancouver, BMJ etc) - The main distance-learning platforms (Moodle, Claroline etc)

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DOMAIN

3 T

O FOSTER PROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

D3: To foster professional collaboration using digital technology

1. To foster collaborative work using digital technologies 2. To coordinate and lead collaborative activities in a digital environment

3. To adapt, modify and transmit data whilst respecting inter-‐operation in a context of collaborative professional work

Introduction

Today's communication tools greatly facilitate collaborative activities within professional bodies. They enable the sourcing and processing of knowledge produced collectively in remotely run projects.

Professionals participating in collaborative projects therefore have to: - identify the digital tools required for its implementation;

- lead and coordinate groups working remotely;

- take into account the technical and organisational constraints involved in exchanging digital information.

The specifics of implementing this domain for healthcare professions within their work:

Healthcare professionals are pivotal in managing the health of an individual or a population. Numerous exchanges are required for effective control and good management of this care. These exchanges may relate to medical information but also to more technical or administrative information. Numerous digital tools facilitating such exchanges are used but their use must be carefully controlled to ensure that communications and/or transmissions are effective. In data exchange, professionals must be aware of the limits of remote exchanges, the customary formats and the appropriate level of security for confidential data. Healthcare professionals must therefore know how to structure a collaborative healthcare project using the digital tools appropriate for that field, including all aspects that will guarantee its success.

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COMPETENCE

D3.1:

T

O ORGANISE COLLABORATIVE WORK USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Introduction

In the context of a network operation (with multiple participants), healthcare professionals must be able to organise, use and enable others to use digital technologies facilitating the exchange and group construction of documents. Doing so requires mastering existing technologies and organising networked activities. The available tools and their constraints can be identified and the appropriate tools selected on the basis of usage and objectives.

Aptitudes

- To master the tools required for collaborative objectives

- To identify current and potential uses of collaborative tools within the organisation

- To choose the most suitable tools in order to implement management of a healthcare project - To assess the performance of the various participants in the collaborative project

Associated knowledge

- The collaborative working tools

- The administrative organisation of a healthcare or social establishment

C

OMPETENCE

D3.2: To coordinate and lead collaborative activities in a digital

environment.

Introduction

Healthcare professionals are able to establish the roles and responsibilities of the various participants by providing training in the collaborative tools as needed, and are also capable of providing the framework required in order to achieve the expected objectives.

Aptitudes

- To use a project management tool (for example creating Gantt charts etc) - To participate in blogs, wikis and professional forums

- To construct a professional social network

- To design and implement a management dashboard

- To contribute to project update meetings, monitor the development of a study

Associated knowledge

- The ability to organise and implement a workflow (distribution of roles, tasks etc)

- The principles of the design, creation, operation, management and interrogation of a database used in a healthcare setting

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C

OMPETENCE

D3.3:

T

O

A

DAPT

,

M

ODIFY AND

T

RANSMIT DATA WHILST COMPLYING WITH INTER

-‐

OPERABILITY IN A CONTEXT OF PROFESSIONAL COLLABORATIVE WORKING

.

Introduction

Working in a heterogeneous digital environment, professionals must be able to mobilise resources to achieve inter-operability. The types of resources involved are texts in natural language (reports, outgoing mail), imagery, digital data (biology, diagnostics, operations etc), PMSI tables or databases used in the healthcare field.

Aptitudes

- To use, analyse, summarise and communicate information available on Healthcare o To analyse accounting data for management control purposes, T2A

o To lead the production of executive summaries to be used to support the healthcare decision o To conduct medical-economic analyses of cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, minimisation of costs

etc

- To make digital exchanges secure

- To guarantee the existence and integrity of data and metadata throughout the collaborative project and its operation

Associated knowledge

- Different types of format (formats associated with a software, standardised formats etc) for the documents used in the project.

- Procedure(s) for current denomination and classification of documents

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D

OMAIN

4 I

NFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROCESSING ON AND IN HEALTHCARE

D4: Information systems and processing on and in healthcare

1. Management and distribution of knowledge on healthcare

2. Gathering and archiving data in healthcare computer systems

3. Decision-‐making and management tools in healthcare computer systems

4. Communication of data in healthcare computer systems

5. Introduction to the basics of the software used in

Healthcare

Introduction

Healthcare professionals (doctors, odontologists, pharmacists) cannot manage all the information (knowledge and data) they need to carry out their profession correctly without using data processing technologies. They must learn how to use ICT specific to their field.

This should lead them to acquire competences in using tools: - for the management and distribution of knowledge on health

- for obtaining and archiving within healthcare computer systems the information necessary for them to carry out their data processing activity in order to improve individual decisions and run establishments

- for sharing and exchanging data between healthcare computer systems

C

OMPETENCE

D4.1:

M

ANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE ON HEALTHCARE

Healthcare professionals must be capable of finding valid healthcare information necessary for their activities.

Aptitudes

- To learn the basics of the different categories of existing resources (scientific articles, literary reviews, best practice guides, teaching, pharmacopeia, disease databases, public websites)

- To use the sites of official bodies such as the French medical association, ASIP, HAS, AFFSAPS, ARS, ASIP Santé, sante.gouv. and l’institut de veille sanitaire (INVS)

- To access and extract data and knowledge from the main healthcare sources available (HAS, AFSAPPS, CISMEF etc)

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MINES - DGESIP Page 13 of 16 June 2012 - To use PubMed and MeSH to search for information on healthcare

- To search for literature reviews in the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Collaboration site) - To use the Clearinghouse site to obtain recommendations on best practices

- To locate teaching documents (courses from national colleges, clinical cases, videos, podcasts) useful for their work from the UNF3S and UMVF, UNSOF UNSPF and other sites)

- To find useful medicine properties from the DailyMed site, or from Vidal on-line, Thériaque or BCB - To use the Orphanet database on rare diseases and the Meddispar database to find medicines for specific

cases

Associated knowledge

- The principles and methods for implementing standardisation of practices and protocolisation in the field of medical information

- The different approaches for the implementation of clinical best practice guides - How to set up and operate a database

- The issues and principles relating to the analysis and implementation of a system to manage the security of medical information

- The principle and methods of implementing a procedure for continuous quality improvement, a Quality Assurance procedure, ISO standardisation

C

OMPETENCE

D4.2:

G

ATHERING AND ARCHIVING DATA IN HEALTHCARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Healthcare professionals must be capable of collating, coding and archiving the information necessary for the conduct of healthcare operations.

Aptitudes

- To analyse and interpret data routinely collected in the medical or pharmaceutical file

- To learn the basics of the different types of electronic file (General Practitioner’s file, hospital computer system, image file, personal medical file (DMP), pharmaceutical file, odontological file)

- To learn the basics of procedures requiring CPS and Vitale cards

- To contribute to guaranteeing the quality of data identifying the patient and its circulation in the establishment (identity and movement control and tracking)

- To understand the technical chain for the collection of PMSI data (coded data, IMD, expensive drugs etc) - To learn the basics of the main terminology systems used in healthcare to represent and code pathologies,

indications, medicines, operations

- To learn the basics of CIM10, Snomed, CISP-2 and their respective structures

- To learn the basics of CCAM and its different components, the ATC classification and its limitations - To learn the basics of the CIP code (2 dimensional coding)

- To know how to enter a pathology to a patient’s file using CIM10 (word inputs, navigation etc)

Associated knowledge

- The various methods of obtaining data, the main measuring instruments used, their strengths and their limitations

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MINES - DGESIP Page 14 of 16 June 2012 - The main methods of extracting and reorganising (formatting) data from the main data sources in order to

adapt them for processing

- The main methodological and technical aspects for the construction, operation and maintenance of a Healthcare database (care, clinical research, environmental geographical analysis)

C

OMPETENCE

D4.3:

D

ECISION

-‐

MAKING AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS IN HEALTHCARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Healthcare professionals must be able to analyse, summarise, produce follow-up indicators, assess and critique data from healthcare activities.

Aptitudes

- To participate in the production of analytical accounting data (expenses attributable to the patient, ENCC norm) and participate, in partnership with Management Control, in its use for management purposes in the healthcare IT system

- To produce, in consultation, the relevant indicators in terms of activity, management, income and quality of the information on the healthcare IT system

- To carry out statistical analysis in the following fields: activity, forecasts and projects, strategic analysis and medical-economic analyses

- To do a critical analysis of software used in medical diagnosis or therapeutic strategy formulation - Decision-making aids:

• To implement tools for diagnostic aids (scores, decision trees…) and be able to critically analyse them • To implement tools for making prescriptions secure (computerisation of prescriptions); To know how to use

tools enabling the detection of medicinal interactions, counter-indications, allergies, dosage errors and to know their limits and usage constraints and how these interconnect with the patient’s file

- Hospital establishment management tools

• To implement the PMSI MCO, SSR, Psychiatry, HAD for an establishment… • To use a tool to help codify hospital stays within PMSI and T2A

• To group together and optimise PMSI coding and measure its effect on T2A - Aid to decision-making in Public Health

• To implement tools for the evaluation of practices • To implement declarations in the case of drug-monitoring

• To use tools leading to healthcare statistics and healthcare monitoring - Aid to clinical and translational research

• To use translational bio computer and computer solutions for clinical research

Associated knowledge

- The operating principles on which healthcare decision-making aids are based

- The various methodological approaches on which medical diagnostic aid programs are based - The financial analysis principle for healthcare organisations

- The Étude nationale commune de coûts (ENCC) model and how much of this is incumbent upon the departments responsible for medical information

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MINES - DGESIP Page 15 of 16 June 2012 - Management tools:

• Indicators: definitions, methods of construction, consequences of their implementation in the organisation, • Dashboards: description and critical analysis of the dashboards used (financial, clinical etc)

- Clinical and translational research tools

• Translational and computer bio-information clinical research initiatives

C

OMPETENCE

D4.4:

C

OMMUNICATION OF DATA IN HEALTHCARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS

= Healthcare professionals must be capable of communicating information whilst respecting ethics, security and confidentiality.

Aptitudes

- To use DMP, DP, Sesam-Vitale as part of their work

- To master the transmission of PMSI data to Supervisors in MCO, SSR etc

- To learn the basics of the methods and tools for the security of exchanges of healthcare data

- To learn the basics of semantic inter-operability in healthcare computer systems, the challenges and the main healthcare computing standards (DICOM, HL7).

- To contribute to guaranteeing the security and confidentiality of a patient’s medical information (Procedures, Internal regulations, fundamental oversight of the establishment’s interfaces etc)

- To learn the basics of the contractual framework for implementing telemedicine systems

- To produce and deploy the methods adapted to the context in terms of production and quality of medical information throughout the facility

• Rational organisation of the production of patients’ files

• Protocolisation of coding, ensuring in particular its descriptive accuracy and its economic performance whilst complying with its legal conformity

• Upstream standardisation of evidence: patient files, medical summaries • Monitoring of outputs based on indicators and predefined corrective actions

- To participate in the deployment of the culture of medical management and its methods throughout the hospital

- To know how to input a medical prescription using general medicine or hospital software

Associated knowledge

- The main principles of telemedicine and tele-healthcare (teleconsultation, tele-expertise, tele-training) - The methods of collecting medical data from the healthcare IT system whilst respecting professional

secrecy and the protection of privacy

- Declarations to be made to Supervisors, T2A MCO, SSR etc

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C

OMPETENCE

D4.5:

I

NTRODUCTION TO THE BASICS OF THE SOFTWARE USED IN

H

EALTHCARE

Healthcare professionals are faced with an arsenal of professional software. They must familiarise themselves with the ones they need in their work, in order to be capable of assessing their quality and relevance. They will learn about existing professional software (computerisation of the medical practice, the dental practice, dispensaries).

Aptitudes

- To be able to describe the functions offered by professional software and place them in the context of healthcare computer systems

- To be aware of the constraints to be complied with for optimum use of these tools § For midwives

• To describe the necessary equipment and architecture suitable for sole practitioners or those in a group practice • To use the functions linked to patient electronic files (directed source files, problems)

• To store data and make sure their archiving and transmission are secure • To use and critique the diagnostic aid functions and prescription aid functions

• To use external communication tools (exchanges with biology laboratories, local authority-hospital exchanges and exchanges with care and consultation networks and completing personal medical files, links with healthcare insurance and teletransmission)

• To select professional software on the basis of certification-type objective criteria • To use the management functionalities (meetings and diaries, account management)

• For odontologists

• To describe the computer equipment necessary and the possible links with the dental practice’s imaging equipment

• To use the functions linked to the patient’s dental file

• To store data and make sure their archiving and transmission are secure

• To use the functions linked to digital imaging (radiology, cone beam, endo-oral cameras) • To select professional software on the basis of certification-type objective criteria • To use the management functionalities (meetings and diaries, account management)

• For pharmacists

• To use the functionalities linked to dispensing

• To use the functionalities linked to medicinal interactions • To use the pharmaceutical record functionalities

• To use the patient invoicing functionalities crosslinked to healthcare insurance

• To use the functionalities linked to stock management and managing exchanges with distributors and laboratories

• To learn the basics of statistical management tools • To use electronic pill boxes, automatic dispensers etc

Associated knowledge

- The main functionalities of medical practice management software

Competency framework COMPUTING AND INTERNET CERTIFICATE (C2i)