1-3 Studying Life

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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1-3 Studying Life

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Characteristics of Living Things

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Characteristics of Living Things

No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing.

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Living things share the following characteristics:

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made up of units called cells

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reproduce

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based on a universal genetic code

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grow and develop

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obtain and use materials and energy

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respond to their environment

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maintain a stable internal environment

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Living things are made up of cells.

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Living things reproduce.

In sexual reproduction, cells from two different parents unite to form the first cell of the new organism.

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Living things grow and develop.

During an organism’s development, cells

differentiate, which means that the cells look

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Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Although conditions outside an organism may

change, conditions inside an organism tend to remain constant.

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Taken as a group, livings things change over time. Over many generations, groups of organisms

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Big Ideas in Biology

Big Ideas in Biology

Science as a Way of Knowing

Science is not just a list of “facts.”

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Interdependence in Nature

All forms of life on Earth are connected together into a biosphere, which literally means “living

planet.”

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Matter and Energy

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Cellular Basis of Life

Organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the smallest units that can be

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Information and Heredity

Life’s processes are directed by information carried in a genetic code that is common, with minor variations, to every organism on Earth.

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Unity and Diversity of Life

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Evolution

In biology, evolution, or the change in living

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Structure and Function

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Homeostasis

An organism’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in the face of

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Science, Technology, and Society

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Branches of Biology

Branches of Biology

There are many branches of biology. For example:

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Zoologists study animals.

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Botanists study plants.

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Some of the levels at which life can be studied include:

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molecules

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cells

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organisms

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populations of a single kind of organism

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communities of different organisms in an

area

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Biosphere

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Ecosystem

Community and its nonliving surroundings

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Community

Populations that live together in a defined area

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Population

Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

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Organism

Individual living thing

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Groups of Cells

Tissues, organs, and organ systems

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Cells

Smallest functional unit of life

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Molecules

Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds

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Biology in Everyday Life

Biology in Everyday Life

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Biology provides information about the food you need and the methods for sustaining the world’s food

supplies.

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Biology is used to diagnose and treat medical problems.

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Biology helps you understand what affects the quality of your life.

Biology provides decision makers with useful

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or

-Continue to: Click to Launch:

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An increase in size is known as a. growth.

b. metabolism. c. development.

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

a. use of energy b. made of cells

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Which of the following are branches in the study of biology?

a. cells, tissues, organs, and organisms

b. botany, cell biology, ecology, and zoology

c. populations, communities, and ecosystems

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The genetic code is carried in a. water.

b. DNA.

c. proteins.

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Which of the following shows the levels of

organization in correct order from the simplest to the most complex?

a. organisms, cells, populations, molecules, ecosystems

b. ecosystems, populations, organisms, cells, molecules

c. molecules, cells, organisms, populations, ecosystems

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