The role of urban planning in ecosystem based adaption

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The role of urban planning

in ecosystem based adaption

Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation

BfN Workshop 10.-11. March 2015 Isle of Vilm

Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaption in urban areas and their rural surroundings

Ecological Urbanism

towards soil conservation and environmental improvement

Dipl.-Ing. Antje Wunderlich

Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin Hochschule Neubrandenburg

Ecological Urbanism towards soil conservation

and environmental improvement

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Ecological

Ecological Urbanism

Urbanism

towards

towards soil

soil

soil conservation

conservation

conservation and

conservation

and

and environmental

and

environmental

environmental improvement

improvement

Why Urban Planning and Climate?

Since 2008, more than 50 percent of the world's population live in

cities.

70 to 80 percent of CO2 or greenhouse gas emissions are based on

the cities.

The cities consume 75 percent of the energy produced worldwide.

In the cities, the battle will decide about the climate in the coming

decades.

Quellen: http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Magazin e/MagazinEntwicklungspolitik/068/s0-jahrtausend-der-staedte-bmz.html http://www.energie-und-technik.de/smart-energy/artikel/113997/

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Ecological

Ecological Urbanism

Urbanism

towards

towards soil

soil

soil conservation

conservation

conservation and

conservation

and

and environmental

and

environmental

environmental improvement

improvement

Quelle:

http://media.treehugger.com/assets /images/2011/10/china-green-suburbs-april-fools.jpg

Rendering of Wuyang, a small Chinese 4 million-city

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Ecological

Ecological Urbanism

Urbanism

towards

towards soil

soil

soil conservation

conservation

conservation and

conservation

and

and environmental

and

environmental

environmental improvement

improvement

Quelle:

http://www.asien.net/macau/

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Ecological

Ecological Urbanism

Urbanism

towards

towards soil

soil

soil conservation

conservation

conservation and

conservation

and

and environmental

and

environmental

environmental improvement

improvement

Urban Planning and Climate

1. How can urban planning help to protect the climate

world wide?

2. How can an ecological urban planning optimize the

climate in the city?

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1. How can urban planning help to protect the

climate world wide?

Global climate problems:

high CO2 emissions

man-made greenhouse effect

increase in weather-related extreme events

rise in sea level

Ocean current changes

…

Germanwatch:

Globaler Klimawandel, Ursachen, Folgen, Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Berlin, Bonn 2011.

Quelle:http://germanwatch.org/klima/gk w11.pdf

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1. How can urban planning help to protect the

climate world wide?

Solutions by ecological urbanism:

Reduce energy consumption

(especially fossil fuels)

Transport concepts: public transportation + bike paths

Architecture: use sunlight by correct building orientation,

shading and photovoltaic

Increase evaporation

Urban Concepts: compressed, space-saving building

Natural water system: infiltration, water retention and

evaporation

CO2 storage in plants

Architecture: Roofs, façade greening

Landscape Architecture: protection of the soil before

occlusion

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Reduce energy consumption

(especially fossil fuels)

Transport concepts: public transportation

optimization of public transport

Quelle: http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/ vkw/vis/vlp/bilder/opt-oepnv Quelle: www.fontshop.de/fontblog/war- berliner-s-bahn-spinne-vorbild-fuer-london/

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Reduce energy consumption

(especially fossil fuels)

Transport concepts: bike paths

Bicycle Friendly City Freiburg

Quelle:

http://www.freiburg.de/pb/site/Freiburg/ get/462466/Schwabentor-P1000396.jpg

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Reduce energy consumption

(especially fossil fuels)

Architecture: use sunlight by correct building

orientation, shading and photovoltaic

Housing estate Sunny Watt

(Region Zürich 2010)

Prefabricated

wooden house

Quelle: http://www.e-genius.at/fileadmin/user_upload/pl usenergiesiedlung/wohnsiedlung_ sunnywatt.html

with photovoltaic and

optimal sun

orientation (south

slope)

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Increase evaporation

Urban Concepts: compressed,

space-saving building

München-Schwabing

„urbanity through

dense”

Quelle: http://www.fr- online.de/kultur/staedtebau--aus- quetschender-enge-ans-licht,1472786,8628240.html

structural and

functional density

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Increase evaporation

Natural water system: infiltration, water

retention and evaporation

spatial quality and

drainage trench, depression in, pond

Quelle: http://www.geoumwelt.de/Mulde%207.J PG http://www.aktiongrundwasserschutz.de /trinkwasser-fuer- unterfranken/einfluesse/haus-und-garten/

functional

water-retaining

evaporation

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CO2 storage in plants

Architecture: Roofs, façade greening

“a 21 metre high living

wall containing 10,000

„Londons largest living wall“

Quelle:

http://www.dezeen.com/2013/0 8/21/londons-largest-living-wall-will-combat-flooding/

wall containing 10,000

plants and 16 tons of

soil will help reduce

flooding in London”

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CO2 storage in plants

Landscape Architecture: protection of the

soil before occlusion

“Working and living,

shopping and

recreation, sports

Wien:

North-west station

Quelle:

https://www.wien.gv.at/m19prjdb/w ettbewerbe/imsdatl/m19/pdb/projek t/223580_Plan1neu_3336_q.jpg

recreation, sports

and culture, social

contacts and

contemporary design

all be networked via

this green center.”

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Ecological

Ecological Urbanism

Urbanism

towards

towards soil

soil

soil conservation

conservation

conservation and

conservation

and

and environmental

and

environmental

environmental improvement

improvement

Lingang New City, a

master-planned port

city of 800 000

inhabitants near

Shanghai designed by

Quelle: http://www.akademie-der-kuenste.de/bilder/luchao1.jpg

gmp in the tradition of

"ideal city "

the various city districts

were arranged in

concentric rings around

a central circular lake

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1. How can urban planning help to protect the

climate world wide?

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1. How can urban planning help to protect the

climate world wide?

What could we do?

less area- consuming

Land Recycling, surface circulation

double use (houses, land, gardens, streets, …)

less consumption, Sufficiency

…

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2. How can an ecological urban planning

optimize the climate in the city?

Problematic urban climate:

heat islands

less rainfall

bad air (inversions)

…

Unabhängiges Institut für

Umweltfragen: Klima im Kleinen.

Quelle:http://www.ufu.de/media/content /files/Fachgebiete/Klimaschutz/Schule_ und_Kiez/UfU_KlimaimKleinen_1312_V 5.pdf.

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2. How can ecological urban planning optimize the

climate in the city?

Solutions through ecological urban planning:

Better air quality

Technical: reduce waste gases (filters, catalyst)

Naturally: protect free spaces

Better cooling

Naturally: evaporation increase (unsealing)

Structurally: improve fresh air supply

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Better air quality cooling

Structurally: improve fresh air supply

Air quality in the urban area of Dortmund

(1989)

Quelle:

http://www.dortmund.de/media/p/umweltamt_2/umweltamt_1/luftgu ete_do_1989.pdf

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Better air quality and cooling

Structurally: improve fresh air supply

Speichen-strahlen-plan = Radiate spoke-plan

Frankfurt / Main

Quelle: http://www.frankfurt-greencity.de/frankfurt-europaeische-

stadt-der-baeume-2014/baeume-in-der-green-city-frankfurt/speichen-und-strahlen/

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3. How can adapt a city to the changing

climate?

Urban problems due to climate change:

floods

heat stress

infectious diseases

irritative reactions to environmental stimuli / allergies

…

Quelle: Deutscher Städtetag: Positionspapier,

Anpassung an den Klimawandel, Empfehlungen und Maßnahmen der Städte. Juni 2012.

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Urban problems due to climate change:

floods

The dyke breach in Fischbeck near Stendal 2013

Quelle: http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/elbehochwasser-fotostrecke-97915-17.html

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3. How can adapt a city to the changing

climate?

Solutions through ecological urban planning:

Improve flood protection

Structurally: dams, retaining walls etc.

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Improve flood protection

Structurally: dams, retaining walls etc.

mobile flood protection wall in Dresden 2013

Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochwasserschutz Foto: MatthiasDD

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Improve flood protection

Naturally: retention areas create (deconstruction) ?

Überschwemmungsbereiche der Elbe in

Dresden 10.08.2002 (superposition of satellite

images)