Rocks and Plate Tectonics

(1)

Rocks and Plate Tectonics

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1.

What is a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter?

a.

^{a rock}

c.

^lava

b.

^{a mineral}

d.

^{a fossil}

____ 2.

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?

a.

^coal

c.

^pumice

b.

^sandstone

d.

^lava

____ 3.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock?

a.

^igneous

c.

sedimentary

b.

^magma

d.

metamorphic

____ 4.

The three groups of rocks are classified by ____.

a.

^color

c.

chemical composition

b.

^{grain size}

d.

how they formed

(2)

____ 5.

In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the rock cycle labeled B?

a.

igneous

c.

lava

b.

metamorphic

d.

sedimentary

____ 6.

If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures deep within Earth, what type of rock will be formed? Assume that the granite does not melt.

a.

a sedimentary rock

c.

an organic rock

b.

a metamorphic rock

d.

an igneous rock

____ 7.

Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks?

a.

^{the sun}

c.

Earth’s interior

b.

^{the wind}

d.

moving water

____ 8.

A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an ____.

a.

intrusive metamorphic rock

b.

intrusive igneous rock

c.

extrusive sedimentary rock

d.

extrusive igneous rock

(3)

____ 10.

As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form ____.

a.

decreases

c.

is not affected

b.

increases

d.

cannot be determined

____ 11.

A conglomerate is a rock that forms as a result of ____.

a.

intense heat and pressure

c.

rapid cooling

b.

compaction and cementation

d.

slow cooling

____ 12.

Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes involved in sedimentary rock formation?

a.

erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition

b.

compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion

c.

deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering

d.

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

____ 13.

What type of sedimentary rock is formed from weathered particles of rocks and minerals?

a.

clastic sedimentary rock

c.

chemical sedimentary rock

b.

biochemical sedimentary rock

d.

intrusive sedimentary rock

____ 14.

Fossils are only found in ____.

a.

intrusive igneous rocks

c.

sedimentary rocks

b.

foliated metamorphic rocks

d.

nonfoliated metamorphic rocks

____ 15.

Most metamorphic processes take place ____.

a.

several hundred kilometers below Earth’s surface

b.

a few kilometers below Earth’s surface

c.

just below Earth’s surface

d.

at Earth’s surface

____ 16.

The primary agent of contact metamorphism is ____.

a.

flowing water

c.

extreme pressure

b.

^heat

d.

^weathering

____ 17.

Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to form ____.

a.

two major supercontinents

b.

two major supercontinents and three smaller continents

c.

one major supercontinent

d.

three major supercontinents

____ 18.

The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called ____.

a.

Panthalassa

c.

Mesosaurus

b.

Pangaea

d.

Africa

____ 19.

One kind of evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis is that ____.

a.

the same magnetic directions exist on different continents

b.

major rivers on different continents match

c.

land bridges still exist that connect major continents

d.

fossils of the same organism have been found on different continents

(4)

____ 20.

Evidence about ancient climates indicates that ____.

a.

glacial ice once covered much of what is now India and Australia

b.

continents in the Northern Hemisphere today were once centered over the South Pole

c.

continents in the Southern Hemisphere today were once centered over the North Pole

d.

no continents occupied the Southern Hemisphere

____ 21.

The geographic distribution of the swimming reptile Mesosaurus provides evidence that ____.

a.

Europe was covered by a shallow sea when Mesosaurus lived

b.

a land bridge existed between Australia and India

c.

South America and Africa were once joined

d.

the Atlantic Ocean was wider when Mesosaurus lived than it is now

____ 22.

Which of the following was NOT used in support of the continental drift hypothesis?

a.

fossil evidence

c.

ancient climate

b.

composition of meteorites

d.

fit of South America and Africa

____ 23.

According to the theory of plate tectonics, ____.

a.

the asthenosphere is divided into plates

b.

the lithosphere is divided into plates

c.

the asthenosphere moves over the lithosphere

d.

the asthenosphere is strong and rigid

____ 24.

In the plate tectonic theory, a plate can be made up of ____.

a.

continental lithosphere only

b.

oceanic lithosphere only

c.

both continental and oceanic lithosphere

d.

both continental and oceanic asthenosphere

____ 25.

What kind of plate boundary occurs where two plates grind past each other without destroying or producing lithosphere?

a.

divergent boundary

c.

transitional boundary

b.

convergent boundary

d.

transform fault boundary

____ 26.

A divergent boundary at two continental plates can result in a ____.

a.

rift valley

c.

continental volcanic arc

b.

volcanic island arc

d.

subduction zone

____ 27.

What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate?

a.

c.

convergent boundary

b.

divergent boundary

d.

transitional boundary

____ 28.

Which of the following is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?

a.

the East African Rift valley

c.

the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

b.

the San Andreas Fault

d.

the Andes Mountains

____ 29.

New ocean crust is formed at ____.

a.

divergent boundaries

c.

continental volcanic arcs

(5)

____ 31.

What forms when one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate?

a.

an ocean basin

c.

a subduction zone

b.

an ocean ridge

d.

a rift valley

____ 32.

What type of plate boundary is illustrated in Figure 9-1?

a.

b.

divergent boundary

c.

convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary

d.

convergent oceanic-continental boundary

____ 33.

What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?

a.

trench

c.

volcanic island arc

b.

ocean ridge

d.

continental volcanic arc

____ 34.

What layer of Earth is labeled C in Figure 9-1?

a.

asthenosphere

c.

oceanic crust

b.

continental lithosphere

d.

continental crust

____ 35.

What process is illustrated by the area labeled G in Figure 9-1?

a.

seafloor spreading

c.

rifting

b.

continental volcanism

d.

subduction

____ 36.

Which of the following does NOT occur at a subduction zone?

a.

The leading edges of both plates are bent upward.

b.

Oceanic crust is pushed down into the mantle.

c.

A continental plate moves over an oceanic plate.

d.

One oceanic plate moves beneath another oceanic plate.

(6)

____ 37.

The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?

a.

convergent oceanic-continental boundary

b.

convergent continental-continental boundary

c.

divergent boundary

d.

____ 38.

Because of the property of paleomagnetism, ____.

a.

iron-rich rocks show the location of the magnetic poles at the time of their formation

b.

all rocks, regardless of when they are formed, have the same polarity

c.

all rocks have a reversed polarity

d.

rocks do not possess magnetic properties

____ 39.

Strips of alternating magnetic polarities found in rocks in the ocean basins ____.

a.

conflict with the theory of plate tectonics

b.

provide evidence that Earth’s magnetic field has never reversed polarity

c.

indicate changes in Earth’s gravitation field

d.

provide evidence for seafloor spreading

____ 40.

How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?

a.

Age decreases.

c.

Age increases.

b.

Age stays the same.

d.

Age varies without a pattern.

(7)

Rocks and Plate Tectonics Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.

^{ANS: A} ^{PTS: 1} ^DIF: ^L1 REF: p. 66

OBJ: 3.1 Define the term rock. MSC: knowledge

2.

^{ANS: D} ^{PTS: 1} ^DIF: ^L2 REF: p. 66

OBJ: 3.1 Define the term rock. MSC: comprehension

3.

^{ANS: B} ^{PTS: 1} ^DIF: ^L1 REF: p. 66

OBJ: 3.2 Identify the three major types of rocks and explain how they differ.

MSC: knowledge

4.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 66

OBJ: 3.2 Identify the three major types of rocks and explain how they differ.

MSC: knowledge

5.

OBJ: 3.3 Describe the rock cycle. STA: 12.5.2.1 MSC: analysis

6.

OBJ: 3.3 Describe the rock cycle. STA: 12.5.2.1 MSC: application

7.

^{ANS: C} ^{PTS: 1} ^DIF: ^L2 REF: p. 69

OBJ: 3.4 List the forces that power Earth’s rock cycle. STA: 12.5.2.1 MSC: application

8.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 71

OBJ: 3.5 Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.

MSC: knowledge

9.

OBJ: 3.6 Demonstrate how the rate of cooling affects an igneous rock’s texture.

MSC: comprehension

10.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 72

OBJ: 3.6 Demonstrate how the rate of cooling affects an igneous rock’s texture.

MSC: application

11.

OBJ: 3.8 Describe the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks.

MSC: knowledge

12.

OBJ: 3.8 Describe the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks.

MSC: analysis

13.

OBJ: 3.9 Distinguish between clastic sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks.

MSC: knowledge

14.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 78

OBJ: 3.10 Identify the features that are unique to some sedimentary rocks.

MSC: knowledge

15.

OBJ: 3.11 Predict where most metamorphism takes place. MSC: knowledge

(8)

16.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 81 OBJ: 3.12 Distinguish contact metamorphism from regional metamorphism.

MSC: knowledge

17.

OBJ: 9.1 Describe the hypothesis of continental drift. MSC: comprehension

18.

OBJ: 9.1 Describe the hypothesis of continental drift. MSC: knowledge

19.

OBJ: 9.1 Describe the hypothesis of continental drift. MSC: application

20.

OBJ: 9.2 Evaluate the evidence in support of continental drift. MSC: application

21.

OBJ: 9.2 Evaluate the evidence in support of continental drift. MSC: application

22.

OBJ: 9.2 Evaluate the evidence in support of continental drift. MSC: knowledge

23.

OBJ: 9.7 Explain the theory of plate tectonics. STA: 12.5.1.2 MSC: comprehension

24.

OBJ: 9.8 Describe lithospheric plates. MSC: comprehension

25.

OBJ: 9.9 Explain what happens at the three types of plate boundaries.

MSC: comprehension

26.

MSC: analysis

27.

MSC: application

28.

MSC: application

29.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 264

MSC: comprehension

30.

OBJ: 9.5 Explain the processes of sea-floor spreading and subduction.

MSC: comprehension

31.

MSC: comprehension

32.

(9)

34.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 265 OBJ: 9.8 Describe lithospheric plates. MSC: analysis

35.

MSC: analysis

36.

MSC: comprehension

37.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 267

MSC: application

38.

OBJ: 9.6 Explain the evidence for sea-floor spreading, including paleomagnetism and magnetic reversals, earthquake patterns, and the age of the ocean floor. MSC: comprehension

39.

OBJ: 9.6 Explain the evidence for sea-floor spreading, including paleomagnetism and magnetic reversals, earthquake patterns, and the age of the ocean floor. MSC: application

40.

OBJ: 9.6 Explain the evidence for sea-floor spreading, including paleomagnetism and magnetic reversals, earthquake patterns, and the age of the ocean floor. MSC: application