A C S S Y M P O S I U M S E R I E S 6 0 1
Polymers for Second-Order
Nonlinear Optics
Geoffrey A. Lindsay,
EDITOR
U. S. Navy
Kenneth D. Singer,
EDITOR
Case Western Reserve University
Developed from a symposium co-sponsored
by the ACS Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc.,
the Optical Society of America, and the ACS Division
of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Inc.,
at the 208th National Meeting
of the American Chemical Society,
Washington, DC,
August 21-25, 1994
Pbysikalssch® BifeStoth^k Fachberaich 5
Technlsche Hochschute Darmstadt HochschulstraBe 4
D-64289 Darmstadt
Contents
Preface xi In Memoriam xiii 1. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers: An Overview. 1
Geoffrey A. Lindsay
CHROMOPHORES: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
2. Design and Properties of High-Temperature Second-Order
Optical Chromophores 22 R. F. Shi, S. Yamada, M. H. Wu, Y. M. Cai,
0 . Zamani-Khamiri, and A. F. Garito
3. Hyperpolarizabilities of Push-Pull Polyenes: Molecular
Orbital and Valence-Bond Charge-Transfer Models 45 J. W. Perry, S. R. Marder, F. Meyers, D: Lu, G. Chen,
W. A. Goddard, III, J. L. Bredas, and B. M. Pierce 4. Solvent Effects on the Molecular Quadratic
Hyperpolarizabilites 57 1. D. L. Albert, S. di Bella, D. R. Kanis, T. J. Marks
and M. A. Ratner
5. Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Chromophores
in Solution 66 Christopher R. Moylan, Robert D. Miller, Robert J. Twieg,
and Victor Y. Lee
6. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Second-Order Optical Properties of the Chromophore Retinal and Its Derivatives: Modeling the Bacteriorhodopsin
Binding Pocket 82 E. Hendrickx, C. Dehu, K. Clays, J. L. Br6das,
7. Design and Synthesis of Thermally Stable Chromophores
with Low Absorption at Device Operating Wavelengths 95 Susan Ermer, Steven M. Lovejoy, and Doris S. Leung
8. Thermally Stable Nonlinear Optical Moiety-Doped Polyimides
for Photonic Devices I l l H. K. Kim, H. J. Lee, M. H. Lee, S. K. Han, H. Y. Kim,
K. H. Kang, Y. H. Min, and Y. H. Won
9. Design and Synthesis of a Polar Dipyrromethene Dye 120 M. B. Meinhardt, P. A. Cahill, T. C. Kowalczyk,
and K. D. Singer
POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
10. High-Temperature Nonlinear Polyimides for x (2) Applications 130
R. D. Miller, D. M. Burland, M. Jurich, V. Y. Lee, C. R. Moylan, R. J. Twieg, J. Thackara, T. Verbiest, W. Volksen, and C. A. Walsh
11. Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores and Electrooptic Polymers 147
Alex K.-Y. Jen, Varanasi Pushkara Rao, and Jayaraman Chandrasekhar
12. Techniques of Ultrastructure Synthesis Relevant
to the Fabrication of Electrooptic Modulators 158 L. R. Dalton, B. Wu, A. W. Harper, R. Ghosn, Y. Ra,
Z. Liang, R. Montgomery, S. Kalluri, Y. Shi, W. H. Steier, and Alex K.-Y. Jen
13. Development of Functionalized Polyimides for Second-Order
Nonlinear Optics 172 Dong Yu, Zhonghua Peng, Ali Gharavi, and Luping Yu
14. Advances in Main-Chain Syndioregic Nonlinear Optical
Polymers 181 J. D. Stenger-Smith, R. A. Henry, A. P. Chafin,
L. H. Merwin, R. A. Nissan, R. Y. Yee, M. P. Nadler, G. A. Lindsay, L. M. Hayden, S. Brower, N. Mokal, D. Kokron, W. N. Herman, and P. Ashley
15. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Interpenetrating Polymer
Networks 198 S. Marturunkakul, J. I. Chen, L. Li, X. L. Jiang, R. J. Jeng,
S. K. Sengupta, J. Kumar, and S. K. Tripathy vi
16. Aromatic Heterocyclic Rings as Active Components in the Design of Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores 205
Bruce A. Reinhardt, Ram Kannan, Jay C. Bhatt, Jarek Zieba, and Paras N. Prasad
17. Nonlinear Optical Properties of Poly(l,4-phenylenevinylene)
and Its Derivatives 223 Jung-Il Jin and Hong-Ku Shim
C H R O M O P H O R E ALIGNMENT
18. All-Optical Poling of Polymers for Phase-Matched Frequency
Doubling 240 J. M. Nunzi, C. Fiorini, F. Charra, F. Kajzar,
and P. Raimond
19. Photo-Induced Poling of Polar Azo Dyes in Polymeric Films:
Toward Second-Order Applications 255 Z. Sekkat, E. F. Aust, and W. Knoll
20. Determination of the Second Harmonic Coefficients
of Birefringent Poled Polymers 275 Warren N. Herman and L. Michael Hayden
21. Stark Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Characterization
of Poled Polymers for Nonlinear Optics 288 M. I. Barnik, L. M. Blinov, T. Weyrauch, S. P. Palto,
A. A. Tevosov, and W. Haase
22. Pyroelectrical Investigation of Nonlinear Optical Polymers
with Uniform or Patterned Dipole Orientation 304 S. Bauer, S. Bauer-Gogonea, S. Ylmaz, W. Wirges,
and R. Gerhard-Multhaupt
LONG-TERM THERMAL, PHOTO, AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY 23. Quantitative, Rational Predictions of the Long-Term
Temporal Decay Properties of Second-Order Nonlinear
Optical Polymers from the Analysis of Relaxation Dynamics 318 Ali Dhinojwala, Jacob C. Hooker, and John M. Torkelson
24. Optical Damage in Nonlinear Optical Polymer Waveguides 333 K. Song, M. Mortazavi, and H. Yoons
25. Polyimides for Electrooptic Applications 346
P. Kaatz, P. Pretre, U. Meier, P. Giinter, B. Zysset, M. Anlheim, M. Stahelin, and F. Lehr
26. Electrooptic Cardo-Type Polymers with High Glass-Transition
Temperatures 356 Chengjiu Wu, Charles Knapp, Victor Lu,
Michael J. McFarland, Ajay Nahata, Jianhui Shan, and James T. Yardley
27. Nonlinear Optical Activity Relaxation Energetics in a Polyether Thermoplastic Nonlinear Optical Polymer with a High
Glass-Transition Temperature 368 Robert J. Gulotty, Claude D. Hall, Michael J. Mullins,
Anthony P. Haag, Stephen E. Bales, Daniel R. Miller, Charles A. Berglund, Marabeth S. LaBarge,
Andrew J. Pasztor, Jr., Mark A. Chartier, and Kimberly A. Hazard
28. Guest-Host Cross-linked Polyimides for Integrated Optics 381 T. C. Kowalczyk, T. Z. Kosc, K. D. Singer, A. J. Beuhler,
D. A. Wargowski, P. A. Cahill, C. H. Seager, and M. B. Meinhardt
29. Bifunctional Dyes for Cross-linked Nonlinear Optical
Polymers 401 Kenneth M. White, Elisa M. Cross, Cecil V. Francis,,
and Robert S. Moshrefzadeh
THIN FILM DEVICES
30. Integration of Electrooptic Polymers in Optoelectronic
Devices 414 R. Lytel, A. J. Ticknor, and G. F. Lipscomb
31. Polymer Electrooptic Waveguide Fabrication 420 M. Ziari, A. Chen, S. Kalluri, W. H. Steier, Y. Shi,
W. Wang, D. Chen, and H. R. Fetterman
32. Advances in Organic Polymer-Based Optoelectronics 436 R. Levenson, J. Liang, C. Rossier, R. Hierle,
E. Toussaere, N, Bouadma, and J. Zyss
33. Electrooptic Polymer Mach-Zehnder Modulators: High-Speed
Analog and Digital Considerations 456 D. G. Girton, W. W. Anderson, J. F. Valley,
T. E. Van Eck, L. J. Dries, J. A. Mar ley, and S. Ermer 34. Second Harmonic Generation by Counter-Directed Guided
Waves in Poled Polymer Waveguides 469 A. Otomo, G. I. Stegeman, W. Horsthuis,
and G. Mohlmann
35. Second Harmonic Femtosecond Pulse Generation in Nonlinear Polymer Thin-Film Structures 484
Andrew Dienes, Erkin Sidick, Richard A. Hill, and Andrd Knoesen
36. Periodic Domain Inversion in Thin Nonlinear Optical
Polymer Films for Second Harmonic Generation 498 G. Khanarian and M. A. Mortazavi
37. Cascading of Second-Order Nonlinearities: Concepts,
Materials, and Devices 509 William E. Torruellas, Dug Y. Kim, Matthias Jaeger,
Gijs Krijnen, Roland Schiek, George I. Stegeman, Petar Vidakovic, and Joseph Zyss
Author Index 523 Affiliation Index ... 525 Subject Index 526
