© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Online Learning Programs –
What Do You Need to Know?
Presented by:
Heather Masshardt
PSBA Policy Consultant AASPS Conference 2013
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
What is Online Learning?
• Online Learning is a term often applied
broadly to learning that occurs via a computer or other technology with
connectivity (such as access to the Internet and World Wide Web)
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
What is Online Learning?
• iNACOL further defines Online Learning as:
Education in which instruction and content are delivered primarily over the Internet, a form of distance learning. The term does not include print-based correspondence education, broadcast
television or radio, videocassettes, and stand-alone educational software programs that do not have a significant Internet-based instructional component
• Used interchangeably with Virtual learning, Cyber
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Fast Facts About Online Learning
• 27 States have virtual schools. 31 states and
Washington, D.C. have statewide full-time, online schools
• The top reasons most school districts make
online learning available are to offer courses not otherwise accessible and provide
opportunities for credit recovery
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Fast Facts About Online Learning
• Online Learning programs may be operated
by school districts, charter schools,
community colleges or other providers, depending on state guidelines
• Schools may develop their own content and
use their own teachers or contract with another school entity or private company
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
• iNACOL – the International Association for
K-12 Online learning (www.inacol.org) is a
nonprofit membership organization
representing school entities, charter schools, colleges, research institutions, and others; their website contains helpful tools for
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
• Full-Time Online Learning – (also called
Cyberschools or Virtual Schools) includes programs where students are enrolled
primarily, and often only, in the online program and participate in all courses virtually, either at home, in a monitored school setting or by other means (library, Internet café, etc.)
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
Sample model for Full-Time Program
(District cyberschool – Learning On and Off Campus)
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
• Blended Learning - any time a student
learns at least in part at a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from
home and at least in part through online delivery with some element of student
control over time, place, and/or path
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
• Blended Learning Examples:
– Student takes regular high school schedule,
but includes an Online Learning course in the school library during study hall to take Mandarin Chinese
– Student takes 3 regular courses at school and
3 Online Learning courses from home based on an IEP
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Common Terms and Models
Sample model for Blended Learning
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
What s Happening In Your
State?
• Does your state have its own virtual
school or do school entities provide these programs independently?
• What type of funding is available for
Online Learning?
• Is Online Learning regulated through
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Policy/Procedural Implications
• Policy or Administrative Regulation?
– Depending on your state s legislation, policy
may be required
– In PA, we have recommended that
district-operated online programs follow the same general policies of the district, with specific administrative regulations or procedures to address program requirements; a general policy may be developed based on programs
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Policy/Procedural Implications
• What areas should be considered when
drafting policy or administrative
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Student Enrollment and
Participation
• Enrollment participation/procedures:
– How will enrollment process change? – Home School students?
– Nonresident students?
– Homebound medical or pregnant students? – Suspended/Expelled students?
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Extracurricular Activities and
Athletic Eligibility
• Eligibility for extracurricular activities
and athletics
– How will academic eligibility be measured? – How will daily attendance be measured?
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Extracurricular Activities and
Athletic Eligibility
• NCAA Review of Online Courses
– Student athletes in Division I and II schools must have
academic credentials certified and earn qualifying core course GPA & test scores
– Courses must be certified by NCAA Eligibility Center – FAQ for nontraditional courses:
http://www.eligibilitycenter.org and navigate through
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Student Services
• Administrative regulations or procedures
should address how student services will be provided to students in online programs:
– Health services – Library services
– Student assistance programs – Transportation
– English as a Second Language/Bilingual
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Student Services
• Special Education – IDEA
– Procedures should address how supplemental
services and therapies will be provided to online learners
– Schools must consider how IEP language
should be drafted to accommodate the Online Learning environment
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Student Services
• Section 504 Students
– Schools must consider how Online
Learning will be provided to students with Section 504 Service Agreements through equally accessible technology:
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ letters/colleague-201105-ese.html
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Student Responsibilities
• Online Learning students should generally
be subject to the same policies as other students and should be notified of such:
– Discipline
– Codes of student conduct
– Student rights and responsibilities – Drugs and alcohol
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Student Responsibilities
• Acceptable Use Policies
– Ensure students are notified and educated – Education on appropriate online behavior/
cyberbullying, digital citizenship
– Schools must ensure appropriate safety
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Technology
• Broadband availability
– Schools
– Student homes
• Online Learning platforms • Technical support
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Curriculum and Assessments
• Credit requirements
– Same credits, different courses?
• Grading scales, GPA, and class rank • Graduation requirements
• Assessments
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Copyright Considerations
• Monitoring online content
– Teacher-related content, student-related
content, vendor content
• Enforcing copyright and Fair Use
– Educating students on plagiarism
• TEACH Act/Distance Learning
– http://www.copyright.com/Services/
copyrightoncampus/basics/teach.html (Copyright Clearance
Center)
– http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Staffing Issues
• Create or Contract
– Staffing implications will vary based on
whether the school is using its own teachers to deliver content or contracting with a vendor
• Consider Collective Bargaining
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Staffing Issues
• Compensation provisions • Professional development
• Child/Student abuse training and
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Pennsylvania s Collaboration
• Pennsylvania Department of Education,
PSBA, and Intermediate Unit staff collaborated to develop 3 toolkits for
school entities creating Online Learning programs
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Pennsylvania s Collaboration
• Technology Toolkit
– Equipment standards and equitable access – Broadband access and bandwidth needs
– Delivery platforms and Student Information
Systems
– Technical support
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Pennsylvania s Collaboration
• Policy & Procedures Toolkit
– Student enrollment and participation – Extracurricular and athletic eligibility – Student services
– Student policies and student responsibilities – Curriculum, coursework, assessments
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Pennsylvania s Collaboration
• Program Toolkit
– Content, Curriculum, Assessments –
developing, acquiring, maintaining
– Identifying participants
– Evaluating readiness and support systems – Implementing professional development –
teaching and technology
– Implementing student preparation – learning
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Questions
• What challenges do you see for your
school entities?
• How can your association
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Credits and Resources
• Keeping Pace with K-12 Online &
Blended Learning – 2012 Annual Review
http://kpk12.com/
• iNACOL: http://www.inacol.org/
• Christensen Institute:
http://www.christenseninstitute.org
• Pennsylvania Department of Education
© 2013 Pennsylvania School Boards Association
Contact Information
Heather Masshardt
PSBA Policy Consultant
heather.masshardt@psba.org