Ghana
African Region
Maternal and Perinatal Health Profile
Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA/WHO)
Demographics and Information System Health status indicators - Maternal and Perinatal mortality
Total population (2013) [1] Maternal mortality ratio (2013) [3]
Total women aged 15-49 years (2013) [1] Annual number of maternal deaths (2013) [3]
Annual number of births (2013) [1] Perinatal moratlity rate (2011)[4]
Sex ratio at births (2005-10) [1] Stillbirth rate (2009)[3]
Birth registration coverage [2] Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births (2013) [5]
Total fertility rate (2013) [1] Annual number of neonatal deaths (2013) [5]
Adolescent fertility rate [per 1000 woman] (2005-2010) [1]
Under five population (2013) [1]
Coverage of vital registration of deaths [2]
Maternal nutrition Pregnancy involving risks
Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women Birth interval <24 months and birth order >3 Night blindness (adjusted) Total age <18 and birth interval <24 months Iron tablets taken during pregnancy (any tablets)
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2008)
Maternal mortality
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR): maternal mortality per 100 000 live births
% change in MMR between 1990-2013 Average annual % change in MMR 1990-2013
No Data Available
MDG 5 target by 2015
One of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that has made some progress, albeit slow, is MDG 5: Improve maternal health. The two targets for assessing MDG 5 are reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, and achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015.
Note: Consultations with countries were carried out following the development of the MMR estimates. The purposes of the consultations were primarily:
Progress towards improving maternal health
-3.2 -2.9
190 making progress
-2.5 -49
Range of uncertainly on annual % change in MMR (lower estimate)
Range of uncertainly on annual % change in MMR (upper estimate)
62.5 1.05 654,670 6,654,111 25,904,598
29 22 3,100 380 -
23,110 3,676,893
3.9
- 68
Sources: [1] Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.
[2] WHO, World Health Statistics 2014 . [3] WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013.
[4] Demographic Health Survey.
[5] UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank/UN Pop Div. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2014 .
0.2 3.5
86.7 1.7 70
760
650 570
470 380
MDG5 Target, 190
0 200 400 600 800
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Per 100 000 LB
Perinatal mortality
Perinatal mortality rate (PMR): Trend Perinatal mortality by background characteristics
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2008) Source: Demographic Health Survey (2008)
Perinatal mortality by region
No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2008)
The perinatal mortality rate expressed per 1000 pregnancies of seven or more months' duration, is used as an indicator of the quality of antenatal and perinatal care. Perinatal deaths include pregnancy losses of at least seven months’ gestation (stillbirths) and deaths to live births within the first seven days of life (early neonatal deaths).
39 43 73
35
0 0
37 38 33 44 0
20 40 60 80
Total First pregnancy <15 39+ Urban Rural No education ≥ Secondary lowest highest
Previous pregnancy interval in months
Place of residence
Mother's education
Wealth quintile
Per 1000 births
33
38 35 36
30
49.7
35.1
45.9
53.8
22.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Western Central Greater Accra Volta Eastern Ashanti Brong-Ahafo Northern Upper West Upper East
Per 1000 births
37
28.1 26
28.4
27.1
32 65
55 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2004 2007 2011
Per 1000 births
Stillbirth rate Early neonatal deaths rate PMR
Early and late neonatal deaths (proportion of death by timing)
No Data Available
Source: Demographic and Health Survey
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2008)
No Data Available
Intervention coverage across continuum of care for maternal and perinatal health
A neonatal death is defined as a death during the first 28 days of life (0-27 days). Early neonatal death refers to a death between 0-6 days after birth. Late neonatal death refer to a death between 7-27 days after birth.
Late neonatal deaths
16%
within 24 hours 18%
24-48 hours 39%
48-72hours Day 3 5%
Day 4 12%
4%
Day 5 2%
Day 6 4%
Other 84%
0 20 40 60 80 100
% of women currently using
modern contraceptives
% of women received ANC (at
least once)
% women who received ANC 4 times
or more
IPT during ANC visit Place of delivery - Any health facility
% of births delivered by C-section
% of women who had PNC within 2
days
Place of Births - Where are babies born? Type of postnatal care provider
- who provides the postnatal care?
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011) Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011)
Intervention coverage across continuum of care by geographical areas
No Data Available
Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011) Public hospital
56.5%
Home 31.6%
Private hospital 10.7%
Others 1.3%
Doctor/Nu rse/Midwif
e's 65.1%
No checkup
26.3%
Health/
Communit y-health workers 8.6%
Equity across continuum of care
No Data Available
Note:
If more than one source of ANC was mentioned, only the provider with highest qualification is conserved in this tabulation.
Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011)
Utilization of services by wealth quintile
% of births in health facility % of births assisted by skilled personnel
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011) Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011) 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% of birth in health facility
Wealth quintile Equity gap
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% of births assisted by skilled personnel
Wealth quintile
Equity gap16.5
95
38.6
4.4
37.7
63.7
23
100 97.6
26.3
97.4 97
23.3
98
88.2
17.3
87.5 91.9
23.4 96.7
53.9
7
52.7
75.6
23.4
97.3
68.4
11.4
67.3
82.5
0 20 40 60 80 100
% of women currently using
modern contraceptive
% women who received any ANC by skilled provider
% births assisted by skilled personnel
% of births by C- section
% births in health facilities
% of births received postnatal
care
Percent
Poorest Richest Urban Rural Total
% of births delivered by C-section % of mothers with postnatal checkup in <2 days of delivery
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011) Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011)
Quality of care indicators Reasons for not seeking medical care
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Multiple indicator cluster survey (2011)
Contents of ANC can be an important indicator for accessing the quality of ANC services that pregnant women receive in order to be prepared for
complications and any danger signs associated with pregnancy and childbirth.
Many barriers can prevent women from seeking medical care in general when needed. Understanding these factors is critical to improve the accessibility and
utilization of medical care during pregnancy and childbirth.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% of births delivered by C-section
Wealth quintile Equity gap
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% of birthts received post-natal care
Wealth quintile
Equity gap0 20 40 60 80 100
Signs of pregnancy complicatio
ns
Weight measured
Height measured
Blood pressure measured Urine
sample taken Blood sample
taken
Richest Poorest Total
Workforce availability
Number of nurses/ midwives/ auxilliary nurse-midwives 1 Number of physicians, generalists
Number of obstetricians and gynaecologists
If yes, how many visits
Is there a national policy on discharge of mother and the baby after normal cildbirth at facility?
What year was the policy adopted?
Does the national policy require all maternal deaths to be reviewed?
If yes, what year was the policy adopted?
Is there a facility maternal death review (audit) process in place?
Is there a community maternal death review (audit) process in place?
Is there a national panel (committee) to review maternal deaths in place?
How often does the panel meet?
Is there a subnational panel (committee) to review maternal deaths in place?
Stillbirths
Is there a policy that requires all stillbirths (fresh or macerated) to be reviewed?
What year was the policy adopted?
Is there a facility stillbirth review (audit) process in place?
Is there a policy that requires all neonatal deaths (0-28 days) to be reviewed?
What year was the policy adopted?
Is there a facility neonatal deaths review (audit) process in place?
Is there a community neonatal death review (audit) process in place?
Magnesium Sulphate Oxytocin
Source: WHO: Global maternal newborn, child and adolescent health policy indicator database (2014) based on key informant surveys in 2009-10, 2011
& 2013-14
Yes Yes
Essential drugs list for maternal and newborn health
No Does national Essential Drugs List include the following drugs indicated for use during pregnancy, childbirth?
No - No
Neonatal deaths
Source: UNFPA, State of the World's Midwifery 2014 report (http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN_SoWMy2014_complete.pdf) .
1 These figures do not necessarily reflect the number of practicing midwives or the ICM definition of a midwife.
Does national policy require all maternal deaths to be notified within 24h to a central authority?
No - Yes
- No
Yes - No Yes Yes Yes
Maternal deaths review
Health system and policy indicators
- Yes Is there a national policy or policy statement on the right of every woman to have access to skilled care at
childbirth?
Health system and policy indicators
Does the national policy/policy statement indicate the minimum ANC visits during the normal pregnancy?
Yes 4
Yes No Is there a policy recommending postnatal follow up visit/review by a trained provider for mother and newborn?
549 1,123 4,458
