Artificial Intelligence

Kasia Muldner - Rose Luckin -

Eva Millän (Eds.)

Artificial Intelligence

in Education

21st International Conference, AIED 2020

[frane, Morocco, July 6-10, 2020 Proceedings, Part II

e) Springer

Contents — Part II

Short Papers

Modelling Learners in Crowdsourcing Educational Systems Solmaz Abdi, Hassan Khosravi, and Shazia Sadiq

Interactive Pedagogical Agents for Learning Sequence Diagrams } Sohail Alhazmi, Charles Thevathayan, and Margaret Hamilton

A Socratic Tutor for Source Code Comprehension . 5 Zeyad Alshaikh, Lasagn Tamang, and Vasile Rus

Scientific Modeling Using Large Scale Knowledge D. 7 Sungeun An, Robert Bates, Jen Hammock, Spencer Rugaber,

Emily Weigel, and Ashok Goel

Examining Students’ Intrinsic Cognitive Load During Program

Comprehension — An Eye Tracking Approach 2 Magdalena Andrzejewska and Agnieszka Skawinska

Sequence-to-Sequence Models for Automated Text Simplification. . 31 Robert-Mihai Botarleanu, Mihai Dascalu, Scott Andrew Crossley,

and Danielle S. McNamara

The Potential for the Use of Deep Neural Networks in e-Learning Student

Evaluation with New Data Augmentation Method. . . 7

Andrzej Cader

Investigating Transformers for Automatic Short Answer Grading 3 Leon Camus and Anna Filighera

Predicting Learners Need for Recommendation Using Dynamic

Graph-Based Knowledge Tracing .... D.

Abdessamad Chanaa and Nour-Eddine El Faddouli

BERT and Prerequisite Based Ontology for Predicting Learner’s Confusion

in MOOCS Discussion Forums . . 4

Abdessamad Chanaa and Nour-Eddine El Faddouli

Identification of Students’ Need Deficiency Through a Dialogue System . ; Penghe Chen, Yu Lu, Yan Peng, Jiefei Liu, and Qi Xu

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The Double-Edged Sword of Automating Personalized Interventions 1n

Makerspaces: An Exploratory Study of Potential Benefits and Drawbacks ! Edwin Chng, Sofva Zeylikman, and Bertrand Schneider

EdNet: A Large-Scale Hierarchical Dataset in Education

Youngduck Choi, Youngnam Lee, Dongmin Shin, Junghyun Cho, Seoyon Park, Seewoo Lee, Jineon Baek, Chan Bae, Byungsoo Kim, and Jaewe Heo

Exploring Automatic Short Answer Grading as a Tool to Assist

in Human Rating . !

Aubrey Condor

Multi-document Cohesion Network Analysis: Visualizing Intratextual

and Intertextual Links . 7

Maria-Dorinela Dascalu, Stefan Ruseti, Mihai Dascalu, Danielle S. McNamara, and Stefan Trausan-Matu

Mastery Learning Heuristics and Their Hidden Models ) Shayan Doroudi

Towards Practical Detection of Unproductive Struggle. 2 Stephen E. Fancsali, Kenneth Holstein, Michael Sandbothe,

Steven Ritter, Bruce M. McLaren, and Vincent Aleven What Happens When Gamification Ends? ….

Miguel García Iruela, Manuel J. Fonseca, Raquel Hijón-Neira, and Teresa Chambel

Using Eye-Tracking and Click-Stream Data to Design Adaptive Training of Children's Inhibitory Control in a Maths and Science Game. .

Andrea Gauthier, Kaska Porayska-Pomsta, Denis Mareschal, and The UnLocke Project Team

Prediction of Group Learning Results from an Aggregation of Individual

Understanding with Kit-Build Concept Map . ) Yusuke Hayashi, Toshihiro Nomura, and Tsukasa Hirashima

Automatic Classification for Cognitive Engagement in Online Discussion

Forums: Text Mining and Machine Learning Approach..^14

Learning Education . . . ?

Martin Hlosta, Tina Papathoma, and Christothea Herodotou

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Contents — Part II 1

A. General Multi-method Approach to Design-Loop Adaptivity

in Intelligent Tutoring Systems . . A

Yun Huang, Vincent Aleven, Elizabeth McLaughlin, and Kenneth Koedinger

Towards Improving Sample Representativeness of Teachers on Online

Social Media: A Case Study on Pinterest . . D. ?)

Hamid Karimi, Tyler Derr, Kaitlin T. Torphy, Kenneth A. Frank, and Jiliang Tang

A Framework for Exploring the Impact of Tutor Practices on Learner

Self-regulation in Online Environments . . . . 3

Madiha Khan-Galaria, Mutlu Cukurova, and Rose Luckin Automated Personalized Feedback Improves Learning Gains

in An Intelligent Tutoring System. . “9 Ekaterina Kochmar, Dung Do Vu, Robert Belfer, Varun Gupta,

Iulian Vlad Serban, and Joelle Pineau

Allowing Revisions While Providing Error-Flagging Support:

Is More Better? ... UJ Amruth N. Kumar

Learner-Context Modelling: A Bayesian Approach 72 Charles Lang

Distinguishing Anxiety Subtypes of English Language Learners Towards

Augmented Emotional Clarity. =. 7

Heera Lee, Varun Mandalapu, Andrea Kleinsmith, and Jiagi Gong

Siamese Neural Networks for Class Activity Detection . 2 Hang Li, Zhiwei Wang, Jiliang Tang, Wenbiao Ding, and Zitao Liu

Deep-Cross-Attention Recommendation Model for Knowledge Sharing

Micro Learning Service . . .

Jiayin Lin, Geng Sun, Jun Shen, David Pritchard, Tingru Cui, Dongming Xu, Li Li, Ghassan Beydoun, and Shiping Chen

Investigating the Role of Politeness in Human-Human Online Tutoring . . 74 Jionghao Lin, David Lang, Haoran Xie, Dragan Gasevic,

and Guanliang Chen

Raising Academic Performance in Socio-cognitive Conflict Learning

Through Gamification . . . )

Zhou Long, Dehong Luo, Kai Kiu, Hongli Gao, Jing Qu, and Xiangen Hu

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Towards Interpretable Deep Learning Models for Knowledge Tracing . >

Yu Lu, Deliang Wang, Qinggang Meng, and Penghe Chen

Early Prediction of Success in MOOC from Video Interaction Features . . ^ Boniface Mbouzao, Michel C. Desmarais, and Ian Shrier

Predicting Reading Comprehension from Constructed Responses:

Explanatory Retrievals as Stealth Assessment . . 7

Kathryn S. McCarthy, Laura K. Allen, and Scott R. Hinze An Approach to Model Children's Inhibition During Early Literacy

and Numeracy Acquisition . . . ;

Guilherme Medeiros Machado, Geoffray Bonnin, Sylvain Castagnos, Lara Hoareau, Aude Thomas, and Youssef Tazouti

Confrustion and Gaming While Learning with Erroneous Examples

in a Decimals Game . . . D

Michael Mogessie, J. Elizabeth Richey, Bruce M. McLaren, Juan Miguel L. Andres-Bray, and Ryan S. Baker

Learning Outcomes and Their Relatedness Under Curriculum Drift . "4 Sneha Mondal, Tejas I. Dhamecha, Smriti Pathak, Red Mendoza,

Gayathri K. Wijayarathna, Paul Gagnon, and Jan Carlstedt-Duke Promoting Learning and Satisfaction of Children When Interacting

with an Emotional Companion to Program. . UV)

Elizabeth K. Morales-Urrutia, José Miguel Ocaña Ch, Diana Pérez-Marin, and Celeste Pizarro-Romero

Automatic Grading System Using Sentence-BERT Network "4 lfeanyi G. Ndukwe, Chukwudi E. Amadi, Larian M. Nkomo,

and Ben K. Daniel

Extended Multi-document Cohesion Network Analysis Centered

on Comprehension Prediction . .

Bogdan Nicula, Cecile A. Perret, Mihai Dascalu, and Danielle S. McNamara

supporting Empathy Training Through Virtual Patients . d Jennifer K. Olsen and Catharine Oertel

Generating Game Levels to Develop Computer Science Competencies

in Game-Based Learning Environments ) Kyungjin Park, Bradford Mott, Wookhee Min, Eric Wiebe,

Kristy Elizabeth Boyer, and James Lester

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Contents — Part II .

An Evaluation of Data-Driven Programming Hints in a Classroom Setting . . 1h Thomas W. Price, Samiha Marwan, Michael Winters,

and Joseph Jay Williams

Deep Knowledge Tracing with Transformers 3 Shi Pu, Michael Yudelson, Lu Ou, and Yuchi Huang

Relationships Between Body Postures and Collaborative Learning States

in an Augmented Reality Study .. / Iulian Radu, Ethan Tu, and Bertrand Schneider

Effect of Immediate Feedback on Math Achievement at the High

School Level .... . - i

Renah Razzaq, Korinn S. Ostrow, and Neil T. Heffernan Automated Prediction of Novice Programmer Performance Using

Programming Trajectories. .

Miguel A. Rubio

Agent-in-the-Loop: Conversational Agent Support in Service of Reflection

for Learning During Collaborative Programming. . i Sreecharan Sankaranarayanan, Siddharth Reddy Kandimalla,

Sahil Hasan, Haokang An, Christopher Bogart, R. Charles Murray, Michael Hilton, Majd Sakr, and Carolyn Rosé

Toward an Automatic Speech Classifier for the Teacher. . . . Ca "79

Bahar Shahrokhian Ghahfarokhi, Avinash Sivaraman, and Kurt VanLehn

Constructing Automated Revision Graphs: A Novel Visualization

Technique to Study Student Writing . . . 3 Antonette Shibani

When Lying, Hiding and Deceiving Promotes Learning - A Case

for Augmented Intelligence with Augmented Ethics. “1 Bjorn Sjodén

Understanding Collaborative Question Posing During Computational

Modeling in Science CL 3 Caitlin Snyder, Nicole M. Hutchins, Gautam Biswas, Mona Emara,

Bernard Yett, and Shitanshu Mishra

Machine Learning and Student Performance in Teams . | Rohan Ahuja, Daniyal Khan, Sara Tahir, Magdalene Wang,

Danilo Symonette, Shimei Pan, Simon Stacey, and Don Engel

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Scanpath Analysis of Student Attention During Problem Solving

with Worked Examples . ^ Samantha Stranc and Kasia Muldner

Helping Teachers Assist Their Students in Gamified Adaptive Educational

Systems: Towards a Gamification Analytics Tool . . . D. 2

Kamilla Tenório, Geiser Chalco Challco, Diego Dermeval, Bruno Lemos, Pedro Nascimento, Rodrigo Santos,

and Alan Pedro da Silva

Understanding Rapport over Multiple Sessions with a Social,

Teachable Robot. 3 Xiaoyi Tian, Nichola Lubold, Leah Friedman, and Erin Walker

Exercise Hierarchical Feature Enhanced Knowledge Tracing. A Hanshuang Tong, Yun Zhou, and Zhen Wang

Relationships Between Math Performance and Human Judgments

of Motivational Constructs in an Online Math Tutoring System . M Rurik Tywoniw, Scott A. Crossley, Jaclyn Ocumpaugh,

Shamya Karumbaiah, and Ryan Baker

Automated Short-Answer Grading Using Deep Neural Networks

and Item Response Theory E Masaki Uto and Yuto Uchida

Automatic Dialogic Instruction Detection for K-12 Online

One-on-One Classes . . 0 sn 40

Shiting Xu, Wenbiao Ding, and Zitao Liu

Exploring the Role of Perspective Taking in Educational

Child-Robot Interaction . . . . )

Elmira Yadollahi, Marta Couto, Wafa Johal, Pierre Dillenbourg, and Ana Paiva

Evaluating Student Learning in a Synchronous, Collaborative Programming

Environment Through Log-Based Analysis of Projects. . . ‘2 Bernard Yett, Nicole Hutchins, Caitlin Snyder, Ningyu Zhang,

Shitanshu Mishra, and Gautam Biswas

Adaptive Forgetting Curves for Spaced Repetition Language Leaming... 3 Ahmed Zaidi, Andrew Caines, Russell Moore, Paula Buttery,

and Andrew Rice

Learning from Interpretable Analysis: Attention-Based

Knowledge Tracing. . . :

Jia Zhu, Weihao Yu, Zetao Zheng, Changqin Huang, Yong Tang, and Gabriel Pui Cheong Fung

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Contents — Part II

Industry and Innovation Papers

Identifying Beneficial Learning Behaviors from Large-Scale

Interaction Data ... 1

Miruna Cristus, Oscar Tdckstrém, Lingyi Tan, and Valentino Pacifici A Gamified Solution to the Cold-Start Problem of Intelligent

Tutoring System....:

Automatic Keyword Extraction. . . s 2

Cleo Schulten, Sven Manske, Angela Langner-Thiele, and H. Ulrich Hoppe

A Large-Scale, Open-Domain, Mixed-Interface Dialogue-Based ITS

for STEM . E 7

Iulian Vlad Serban, Varun Gupta, Ekaterina Kochmar, Dung D. Vu, Robert Belfer, Joelle Pineau, Aaron Courville, Laurent Charlin, and Yoshua Bengio

Doctoral Consortium Papers

Contingent Scaffolding for System Safety Analysis . .

Paul S. Brown, Anthony G. Cohn, Glen Hart, and Vania Dimitrova The Exploration of Feeling of Difficulty Using Eye-Tracking

and Skin Conductance Response. . M

Chou Ching-En and Kaska Porayska-Pomsta

sense of Agency in Times of Automation: A Teachers' Professional Development Proposal on the Ethical Challenges of AI Applied

to Education. . . :

Ana Mouta, Eva Torrecilla Sánchez, and Ana María Pinto Llorente Improving Students’ Problem-Solving Flexibility

in Non-routine Mathematics . . . es )

Huy A. Nguyen, Yuqing Guo, John Stamper, and Bruce M. McLaren

Workshop Papers

Optimizing Human Learning: Third International Workshop Eliciting

Adaptive Sequences for Learning (WASL 2020)... 417 Jill-Jénn Vie, Fabrice Popineau, Hisashi Kashima, and Benoit Choffin

Empowering Education with Al Technology — IEEE LTSC . j

Robby Robson, Xiangen Hu, Jim Goodell, Michael Jay, and Brandt Redd

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Second Workshop on Intelligent Textbooks . 2e... 424

Sergey Sosnovsky, Peter Brusilovsky, Richard G. Baraniuk, and Andrew S. Lan

2nd Internationa] Workshop on Education in Artificial Intelligence

K-12 (EduAD... ss 27

Gerald Steinbauer, Sven Koenig, Fredrik Heintz, Julie Henry.

Tara Chklovski, and Martin Kandlhofer

Author Index ... ‘1 a7

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