MoDUL AnALiSIs BerTOpiK
MoDUL AnALiSIs BerTOpiK
SOAlaN PeRCuBAAN SPM NeGeRI 2016
SOAlaN PeRCuBAAN SPM NeGeRI 2016
Nama
:
Nama
:
Sekolah
:
Sekolah
:
Kelas
:
Kelas
:
To Excel in Chemistry is to Love Chemistry
To Excel in Chemistry is to Love Chemistry
Disusun seikhlas hati:
Disusun seikhlas hati:
SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor
SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor
ChEmisTrY
ChEmisTrY
KerTAs 2
KerTAs 2
BaHagian A
BaHagian A
ik
The Structure of Atoms
The Structure of Atoms
…3
…3
-13
-13
Chemical Formula and Equations
Chemical Formula and Equations
…14
…14
-22
-22
Periodic Table of Elements
Periodic Table of Elements
…22
…22
- 31
- 31
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds
…31
…31
-32
-32
Acid and Bases
Acid and Bases
…32
…32
-43
-43
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
…
…
44-49
44-49
Salts
Salts
…
…
50-54
50-54
Manufactured Substances in Industry
Manufactured Substances in Industry
…
…
55-62
55-62
Rate of Reaction
Rate of Reaction
…62
…62
-66
-66
Carbon Compound
Carbon Compound
…67
…67
-79
-79
Oxidation & Reduction
Oxidation & Reduction
…80
…80
-92
-92
The Structure of Atoms
The Structure of Atoms
…3
…3
-13
-13
Chemical Formula and Equations
Chemical Formula and Equations
…14
…14
-22
-22
Periodic Table of Elements
Periodic Table of Elements
…22
…22
- 31
- 31
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds
…31
…31
-32
-32
Acid and Bases
Acid and Bases
…32
…32
-43
-43
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
…
…
44-49
44-49
Salts
Salts
…
…
50-54
50-54
Manufactured Substances in Industry
Manufactured Substances in Industry
…
…
55-62
55-62
Rate of Reaction
Rate of Reaction
…62
…62
-66
-66
Carbon Compound
Carbon Compound
…67
…67
-79
-79
Oxidation & Reduction
Oxidation & Reduction
…80
…80
-92
-92
Chapter 2 : The Structure of The Atom Chapter 2 : The Structure of The Atom [Pahang 2016, No 1]
[Pahang 2016, No 1]
1.
1. Diagram 1.1 shows Pn Aminah is frying chicken in the kitchen while Ali and his father are at theDiagram 1.1 shows Pn Aminah is frying chicken in the kitchen while Ali and his father are at the living room.
living room. Rajah
Rajah 1.1 m1.1 menunjukkenunjukkan Pn an Pn Aminah Aminah sedang sedang menggormenggoreng eng ayam ayam di dapudi dapurr, m, manakala anakala Ali dan Ali dan ayahnyaayahnya berada di ruang tamu.
berada di ruang tamu.
Diagram 1.1
Diagram 1.1// Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a)
(a) (i) The smell of fried chicken spreads to the living room. Name the process that occured.(i) The smell of fried chicken spreads to the living room. Name the process that occured. Bau ayam go
Bau ayam goreng reng meremerebak hingga bak hingga ke ruang ke ruang tamu. Namaktamu. Namakan pran proses yang oses yang berlaku.berlaku. ... ...
[1 mark] [1 mark] (ii)
(ii) Explain your answer in a(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.Explain your answer in a(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.
Terangkan jawapan anda di a(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim. Terangkan jawapan anda di a(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... [3 marks] [3 marks]
Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve for solid naphthalene.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal naftalena. Temperature/0C Suhu / 0C D B C A Time/s Masa/s Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2
(i) On the graph above, show and label the melting point of naphthalene. Pada graf di atas, tunjuk dan labelkan takat lebur naftalena.
[1 mark] (ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of naphthalene at AB and CD
Lukis susunan zarah naftalena pada AB dan CD.
AB CD
[2 marks] (iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from B to C.
Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari B ke C.
... ...
[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2(d)]
(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the structure of an atom of one of the element in Diagram 2.1. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi salah satu unsur dalam Rajah 2.1.
Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2 (i) Table 2 shows the guide for structure in Diagram 2.2.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan petunjuk bagi struktur atom dalam Rajah 2.2. Subatomic particle
Zarah subatom
Name of subatomic particle Nama zarah subatom
x Electron Elektron Table 2/ Jadual 2 Complete Table 2. Lengkapkan Jadual 2. [2 marks] (ii) Which element in Diagram 2.1*(refer page 25) has the structure of atom as in Diagram 2.2?
Dengan menggunakan huruf dalam Rajah 2.1* (rujuk halaman 25), unsur manakah mempunyai struktur atom seperti dalam Rajah 2.2?
...
[1 mark] (iii) Element stated in (d)(ii) is has an isotope. State the function of the isotope.
Unsur yang dinyatakan di (d)(ii) mempunyai satu isotop. Nyatakan fungsi isotop itu. ... [1 mark] x x x x x x x x x x x
[SBP 2016, No 1]
(1) Table 1 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron of atoms Y and Z Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom Y dan Z.
Atom Number of proton Number of neutron Atom Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron
Y 17 18
Z 20 20
Table 1/ Jadual 1 Based on Table 1:
Berdasarkan Jadual 1:
(i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Y. Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom Y.
………...……….. [1 mark] (ii) State the period of atom Y in the Periodic Table of Element.
Nyatakan kala bagi atom Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
………..……….. [1 mark] (iii) Give one reason for your answer in 1(a)(ii).
Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam 1(a)(ii).
……….. [1 mark] (iv) Write the formula of Z ion.
Tuliskan formula bagi ion Z.
……….. [1 mark] (v) State the nucleon number of atom Z.
Nyatakan nombor nukleon atom Z.
……….. [1 mark] b) Pineapple is a tropical plant which consists of many nutrients such as niacin or vitamin B3.
Nenas adalah sejenis tanaman tropika yang mengandungi banyak nutrient seperti niasin atau vitamin B3.
Diagram 1 shows a picture pineapple and the enlargement of the structural formula of niacin in a pineapple.
Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 (i) What is the molecular formula of niacin?
Apakah formula molekul bagi niasin?
……….. [1 mark] (ii) State the type of particle in niacin.
Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam niasin.
……….. [1 mark] (iii) 10.0 kg of pineapple it consists of 5.0 g of niacin. What is the number of mole of niacin in 10
kg of pineapple? [Relative Atomic Mass: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14]
10.0 kg nenas mengandungi 5.0 g niasin. Berapakah bilangan mol niasin dalam 10 kg nenas? [ Jisim Atom Relatif: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14]
[MRSM 2016, No 1]
1 (a) Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of element T. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi unsur T.
Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 Based on Diagram 1.1; Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1; (i) identify W. kenalpasti W. ………….………….……….. [1 mark] (ii) state the number of proton in element T.
nyatakan bilangan proton bagi unsur T.
………….………….……….. [1 mark] (iii) write the electron arrangement for element T.
tulis susunan elektron bagi unsur T.
………….………….……….. [1 mark] (b) (i) Element T has a melting point of 180.5°C.
Predict the physical state of element T at room temperature. Unsur T mempunyai takat lebur 180.5 °C.
Ramalkan keadaan fizikal bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik.
………….………….……….. [1 mark] (ii) Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of particles of
element T at room temperature.
Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik.
Arrangement of particles: ………….………….……….. Susunan zarah :
Movement of particles: ………….………….……….. Pergerakan zarah:
[2 marks] (c) Diagram 1.2 shows the graph of temperature against time when liquid acetamide is cooled.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila cecair asetamida disejukkan.
Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 Based on Diagram 1.2;
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2;
(i) determine the freezing point of acetamide. tentukan takat beku bagi asetamida.
………….………….……….. [1 mark] (ii) the temperature of acetamide did not change from B to C. Explain why?
suhu asetamida tiduk berubah dari B ke C. Terangkan mengapa?
………..…… ………..
[Perlis 2016, No 2]
2 Table 2 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron in atom R, S and T. Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom R, S dan T.
Atom Atom Number of proton Bilangan proton Number of neutron Bilangan neutron R 11 12 S 11 13 T 12 12 Table 2/ Jadual 2 (a) State three subatomic particles of an atom.
Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom.
...
[1 mark] (b) (i) What is meant by isotope?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
... ...
[1 mark] (ii) Which atoms are isotopes?
Atom-atom yang manakah merupakan isotop?
...
[1 mark] (iii) State the radioisotope that is used to treat cancer diseases.
Nyatakan radioisotop yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakit kanser . ...
[1 mark] (c) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom R.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom R.
...
[1 mark] (ii) What is valence electron of atom R?
...
[1 mark] (d)
Write the symbol for atom S in the form of
. Tuliskan simbol bagi atom S dalam bentuk
.
...
[1 mark] (e) (i) Draw the electron arrangement of atom T.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom T.
[1 mark] (ii) State the position of element of atom T in the Periodic Table of Element.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur bagi atom T dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. ...
[1 mark]
[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 2]
2. (a) Table 2.1 shows the number of protons and number of neutrons for atoms A, B, C, D and E. Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom A, B, C, D, dan E.
Atom Atom Number of protons Bilangan proton Number of neutrons Bilangan neutron A 8 8 B 9 10 C 8 9 D 10 10 E 8 10 Table 2.1/ Jadual 2.1 Based on Table 2.1: Berdasarkan Jadual 2.1:
(i) What is the meaning of isotope?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
……… [1 mark]
(ii) Which atoms are isotopes?
Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop?
………. [1 mark] (iii) Determine the nucleon number of atom C.
Tentukan nombor nukleon bagi atom C.
………..…… [1 mark] (iv) Write the electron arrangement for atom D.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom D.
……….……… [1 mark] (b) Table 2.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of lead(II) bromide.
Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi plumbum(II) bromida. Melting point Takat lebur 373 oC Boiling point Takat didih 916 oC Table 2.2/ Jadual 2.2
(i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide.
Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terkandung dalam plumbum(II) bromida.
……….. [1 mark] (c) Table 2.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of lead(II) bromide.
Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi plumbum(II) bromida. Melting point Takat lebur 373 oC Boiling point Takat didih 916 oC Table 2.2/ Jadual 2.2
(i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide.
Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terkandung dalam plumbum(II) bromida.
…..……… [1 mark]
(ii) Sketch the graph temperature against time if lead(II) bromide is cooled from 500oC to room temperature.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa sekiranya plumbum(II) bromida disejukkan daripada 500oC ke suhu bilik.
[2 marks] (iii) What is the state of matter of lead(II) bromide at 500 oC?
Apakah keadaan jirim plumbum(II) bromida pada suhu 500oC?
……….. [1 mark] (iv) Draw the arrangement of particles in b(iii).
Lukis susunan zarah dalam (b)(iii).
Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equation [Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 3]
3 (a) Diagram 3 shows an educational TV program.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu rancangan TV pendidikan.
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (i) What is the meaning of a mole?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol ?
...
[1 mark] (ii) Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of iron.
[Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 1023mol-1]
Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol besi. [ Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 X 1023mol-1]
[1 mark] (b) The equation below is not a balance chemical equation:
Persamaan dibawah adalah bukan persamaan kimia yang seimbang: ...Fe(s) + ...O2(g) ...Fe2O3(s)
Fe(p) + O2(g) Fe2O3(p) (i) Balance the chemical equation above.
Seimbangkan persamaan kimia di atas.
[1 mark] (ii) Interpret the chemical equation qualitatively and quantitatively.
Tafsirkan persamaan itu secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
... ...
[2 marks] Chemists use unit of mol to measure the quantity of a substance.
(c) Alkene E is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. E contains 85.7% of carbon, 14.3% of hydrogen, by mass, and the relative molecular mass of E is 42. [Relative atomic mass : H=1; C=12]
Alkena E adalah suatu hidrokarbon tak tepu. E mengandungi 85.7% karbon,14.3% hidrogen mengikut jisim dan jisim molekul relatif bagi E ialah 42. [ Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12]
(i) Determine the empirical formula of E. Tentukan formula empirik bagi E.
[3 marks] (ii) Determine the molecular formula of E.
Tentukan formula molekul bagi E.
[2 marks]
[Perlis 2016, No 3]
3 Diagram 3.1 shows the structural formulae of compound Q. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian Q.
Diagram 3.1/ Rajah 3.1
(a) (i) What is meant by molecular formulae?
Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?
...
[1 mark]
H O H H
H C C O C C H
(ii) Complete the table 3 below. Lengkapkan jadual 3 dibawah.
Structural formula Formula struktur Molecular formula Formula molekul Empirical formula Formula empirik H O H H H C C O C C H H H H ……….... ……….. [2 marks] (iii) The relative molecular mass of Mg3(XO4)2 ialah 262. What is the relative atomic mass of
element X.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg; 24, O; 16]
Jisim molekul relative bagi Mg 3(XO4 )2 adalah 262. Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi elemen X. [ Jisim atom relative : Mg;24, O; 16 ]
[2 marks] (b) Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for the heating of copper (II) carbonate, CuCO3 powder.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pemanasan serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat, CuCO3.
Diagram 3.2/ Rajah 3.2 (i) State one observation of this experiment
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.
...
[1 mark] Heat
Panaskan Copper (II) carbonate powder
Serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat
Lime water Air kapur
(ii) Name the gas released in this experiment.
Namakan gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini.
...
[1 mark] (iii) Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas ini.
...
[1 mark] (iv) 6.4 g of cuprum (II) carbonate powder, CuCO3is heated during this experiment.
Calculate the volume of gas released.
[Relative atomic mass:C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature]
6.4g serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat, CuCO3 dipanaskan semasa eksperimen ini. Hitung isipadu gas yang dibebaskan.
[ Jisim atom relatif :C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 pada suhu bilik ]
[2 marks]
[Terengganu 2016, No 3]
3 Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of compound X. Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian X.
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3
(a) State the name of the element represented by the symbol C in Diagram 3. Nyatakan nama bagi unsur yang diwakili dengan simbol C dalam Rajah 3.
(b) State the meaning of empirical formula. Nyatakan maksud bagi formula empirik.
... ...
[1 mark] (c) (i) Write the molecular formula and the empirical formula of compound X.
Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi sebatian X. Molecular formula:
Formula molekul: ……… Empirical formula
Formula empirik: ………. [2 marks] (ii) State one similaritiy and one difference between the molecular formula and the empirical
formula in (c)(i).
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula molekul dan formula empirik dalam (c)(i).
... ...
[2 marks] (d) (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between compound X and magnesium.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara sebatian X dengan magnesium
... [2 marks] (ii) Calculate the mass of magnesium reacts with 1 mol of compound X.
[Relative atomic mass:Mg=24]
Hitung jisim magnesium yang bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol sebatian X. [ Jisim atom relatif :Mg=24]
.
[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 3]
3. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Rajah 3 menunjukkan menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium
oksida.
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3
(a) When carrying out the experiment, why does the crucible lid need to be opened once awhile? Semasa menjalankan eksperimen, mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali sekala?
…..……… [1 mark] (b) Table 3 shows the results of the experiment
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini. Description
Penerangan
Mass (g) Jisim (g) Mass of crucible + lid
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup 21.45 Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium 23.85 Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida 25.45 Table 3/ Rajah 3
Based on Table 3, determine the value of the following: Berdasarkan Jadual 3, tentukan nilai yang berikut:
[Relative atomic mass : O,16; Mg, 24] [ Jisim atom relatif : O,16; Mg, 24] (i) Mass of magnesium
Jisim magnesium [1 mark] Lid penutup Crucible Mangkuk pijar Magnesium ribbon Pita magnesium Heat panaskan
(ii) Number of moles of magnesium Bilangan mol magnesium
[1 mark] (iii) Mass of oxygen
Jisim oksigen
[1 mark] (iv) Number of moles of oxygen
Bilangan mol oksigen
[1 mark] (v) Empirical formula of magnesium oxide
Formula empirik magnesium oksida
…..……… [1 mark] (c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan oksigen
…..……….. [2 marks] (d) Can the method above be used to determine the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide? Give a
reason.
Bolehkah kaedah di atas digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik plumbum(II) oksida? Berikan satu sebab.
…...…..……… [2 marks]
[Pahang 2016, No 2]
2. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida.
Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 (a) State the meaning of empirical formula.
Nyatakan maksud formula empirik.
……… ………
[1 mark] (b) Solution X and metal Y reacts to produce hydrogen gas.
State the name of solution X and metal Y.
Larutan X dan logam Y bertindak balas menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Nyatakan nama bagi larutan X dan logam Y.
Solution X : ………... Larutan X
Metal Y : ………... Logam Y
[2 marks] (c) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride?
Apakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang?
………..
[1 mark] (d) (i) State the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide
Nyatakan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida.
……….. [1 mark] Solution X Larutan X Heat Panaskan H2 Metal Y Logam Y
Anhydrous calcium chloride Kalsium klorida kontang Copper(II) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida H2
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and copper(II) oxide
Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas antara gas hidrogen dan kuprum(II) oksida
……...………..
[1 mark] (e) How to ensure that all of the copper(II) oxide has been reduced to copper?
Bagaimana untuk memastikan semua kuprum(II) oksida telah diturunkan kepada kuprum? ………
[1 mark] (f) Can the empirical formula for aluminium oxide be determine by using this method? Give
one reason for your answer.
Bolehkan formula empirik bagi aluminium oksida ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah ini? Berikan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda.
…..……….. ..………..
[2 marks]
Chapter 4 : The Periodic Table of Elements [SBP 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the standard representation for the atoms of three elements from Group 17 in the Periodic Table of Element.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai atom bagi tiga unsur daripada Kumpulan 17 di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 (a) What is represented by the number 35 in 3580
.
Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 35 dalam3580
... [1 mark]
35
80
17
35
53
127
Bromine
Bromin
Chlorine
Klorin
Iodine
Iodin
(b) State the number of valence electrons of bromine atom. Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens pada pada atom bromin.
... [1 mark] (c) (i) Compare the size of the chlorine atom with the bromine atom.
Bandingkan saiz atom klorin dengan atom bromin.
... ...
[2 marks] (ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i)
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i).
... ...
[2 marks] (d)
Chlorine reacts with sodium to form a compound.
Klorin bertindak balas dengan natrium membentuk satu sebatian Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. [Proton number Na = 11][ Nombor proton Na = 11]
[2 marks] (e) Diagram 2.2 shows the reaction occured when iodine dissolve in water. A piece of litmus paper
is dipped into the solution formed.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku apabila iodin di larutkan ke dalam air. Sekeping kertas litmus dicelupkan ke dalam larutan yang terhasil.
(i) State the observation on the litmus paper Nyatakan pemerhatian pada kertas litmus.
... [1 mark] (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e)(i)
Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda dalam (e)(i)
... [1 mark]
[Terengganu 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2 shows the position of five elements; A, B, C, D and E in the Periodic Table. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan kedudukan lima unsur; A, B, C, D dan E dalam Jadual Berkala. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur .
Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 Based on Diagram 2, answer the following questions:
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a) What is the basic principle used in arranging the elements in Periodic Table of Elements?
Apakah prinsip asas yang digunakan dalam penyusunan unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?
... [1 mark] (b) State two elements that are placed in the same group.
Nyatakan dua unsur yang terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama.
... [1 mark] (c) State the position of element B and give a reason.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur B dan berikan alasan.
... ...
(d) Compare the reactivity between element C and E. Explain your answer. Bandingkan kereaktifan antara unsur C dan E . Jelaskan jawapan anda.
... ... ...
[3 marks] (e) Arrange the atomic size of A, B, C, D and E in descending order.
Susun saiz atom-atom A, B, C, D dan E mengikut tertib susunan menurun.
... [1 mark] (f) Nickel is well known as a useful catalyst for hydrogenation reaction in manufacture of margarine.
State the element with similar properties with nickel.
Nikel terkenal sebagai mangkin dalam tindak balas penghidrogenan dalam pembuatan marjerin. Nyatakan unsur yang mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan nikel.
... [1 mark]
[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows a portion of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur .
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 Z 2 X 3 V 4 W Y 5 Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1
(a) By using the letters in Diagram 2.1, which element exists as a monoatomic? Give a reason.
Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf dalam Rajah 2.1, unsur manakah wujud sebagai monoatom? Berikan satu alasan.
... ...
(b) Element W belong to a group that has special characteristics which differentiate it from the other group. Name the group and state one special characteristic of the group.
Unsur W tergolong dalam kumpulan yang mempunyai ciri-ciri istimewa yang membezakannya daripada kumpulan lain. Namakan kumpulan itu dan nyatakan satu ciri istimewa kumpulan itu. ...
...
[2 marks] (c) Write the chemical equation when Y is dissolved in water.
Tulis persamaan kimia apabila Y dilarutkan dalam air .
...
[2 marks]
[Kedah 2016, No 1]
1. Diagram 1 shows a part of the Periodic Table of Elements. W, X, Y and Z are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. W, X, Y dan Z bukan simbol sebenar unsur tersebut. W X Y Z Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 Based on Diagram 1, Berdasarkan Rajah 1 ,
(a) (i) Write an electron arrangement of atom W. Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom W.
...
[1 mark] (ii) Which of the element is halogen?
Unsur manakah adalah halogen?
...
(b) The information below shows the special characteristics of an element in Diagram 1. Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan ciri istimewa bagi suatu unsur dalam Rajah 1.
Form coloured compounds
Membentuk sebatian berwarna
Acts as catalyst
Bertindak sebagai mangkin
Which element shows the above characteristics? Unsur manakah menunjukkan ciri di atas?
...
[1 mark] (c) The atomic size of Y is smaller than X. Explain why.
Saiz atom Ylebih kecil daripada atom X. Terangkan mengapa.
... ...
[2 marks] (d) Element Q has three shells occupied with electron and three valence electrons.
Mark Q, in Diagram 1 to indicate the position of element Q.
Element Q mempunyai tiga petala berisi elektron dan tiga elektron valens. Tanda Q, di dalam Rajah 1bagi menunjukkan kedudukan unsur Q.
[1 mark] (e) When a small piece of element X is put into water, alkaline solution is formed and hydrogen gas is
released.
Apabila satu ketulan kecil unsur X dimasukkan kedalam air, larutan beralkali terhasil dan gas hidrogen terbebas.
(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini.
...
[2 marks] (ii) Element A is located below element X in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Compare the reactivity of element A and element X when react with water. Unsur A berada di bawah unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur A dan unsur X apabila bertindak balas dengan air. ...
[Pahang 2016, No 3]
3. Diagram 3 shows some of the elements in the periodic table of elements.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur-unsur kala 3 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Na Mg Al Cl Ar
Diagram 3 / Rajah 3 (a) Based on Diagram 3, answer the following question.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan berikut:
(i) State group of Cl in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur Cl dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
...
[1 mark] (ii) State which element that exists as a metal
Nyatakan unsur manakah yang wujud sebagai logam.
...
[1 mark] (b) (i) State which element formed an amphoteric oxide.
Nyatakan unsur manakah yang membentuk oksida amfoterik
...
[1 mark] (ii) Based on answer in (b)(i), write the formula for the compound formed.
Berdasarkan jawapan di (b)(i), tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ...
[1 mark] (c) Element Mg and Cl can react to form a compound.
Unsur Mg dan Cl boleh bertindak balas membentuk satu sebatian . (i) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed.
Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
...
(ii) Explain how the compound in (c)(i) f ormed.
Terangkan bagaimana pembentukan sebatian (c)(i) terhasil.
Mg = ... Cl = ...
[2 marks] (iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk
[2 marks] (iv) State one physical properties of these compounds.
Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian ini.
... [1 mark]
[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 4]
4. Diagram 4 shows the position of several elements Q, R, S, T, U, W and X.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan kedudukan beberapa unsur-unsur Q, R, S, T, U, W dan X.
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4:
Berdasarkan Rajah 4:
(a) State on element that is halogen. Nyatakan satu unsur halogen.
…...…..………..
Q R
S T
U W
(b) (i) State one element that is monoatomic. Nyatakan satu unsur monoatom.
…...…..……… [1 mark] (ii) Why does the element in b (i) exist as monoatomic?
Mengapakah unsur dalam b(i) wujud sebagai monoatom?
…...…..……… …...…..………
[2 marks] (c) (i) Identify the element that reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas.
Kenal pasti unsur yang bertindak balas dengan air untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen.
…...…..……… [1 mark] (ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in c(i).
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di c(i).
…...…..……… [2 mark]
(d) Identify the element that can forms a coloured solution when dissolved in water.
Kenal pasti unsur yang menghasilkan larutan yang berwarna apabila dilarutkan dalam air.
…...…..……… [1 mark] (e)
Based on the above information, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological balloons? Give one reason.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, gas yang manakah lebih sesuai digunakan dalam belon kaji cuaca?Berikan satu sebab.
…...…..……… [2 marks] Gas Q
light / ringan
flammable / mudah terbakar colourless / tidak berwarna
Gas R
light / ringan
not reactive / tidak reaktif colourless / tidak berwarna
Chapter 5 : Chemical Bonds [Kedah 2016, No 3]
3 Diagram 3 shows standard representation of element X, Y and Z. Rajah3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi unsur X, Y dan Z.
11
23
6
12
8
16
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 Based on Diagram 3, answer the following questions:Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (a) (i) State the valence electron of element Y.
Nyatakan elektron valen bagi unsur Y.
... [1 mark] (ii) What is the physical state of element Y at room temperature?
Apakah keadaan fizik unsur Y pada suhu bilik ?
... [1 mark] (b) Element Y and element Z can react to form a compound.
Unsur Y dan unsur Z boleh bertindakbalas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. (i) Write the formula of the compound.
Tuliskan formula sebatian itu.
... [1 mark] (ii) Explain the melting point and boiling point of the compound.
Terangkan tentang takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian itu.
... ... ...
[3 marks] (c) Element X and element Z can react to form a compound.
Unsur X dan unsur Z boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. (i) Write chemical equation for the reaction between element X and Z.
... [1 mark] (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian itu.
[2 marks]
Chapter 6 : Asid and Bases [Terengganu 2016, No 5]
5 Table 5 shows the information about four solutions; P, Q, R and S. P, Q, R and S may be acid or alkali.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang empat larutan P, Q, R dan S. Larutan P, Q, R dan S mungkin asid atau alkali.
Solution Larutan Information Maklumat pH value Nilai pH P Ionised completely in water
Mengion lengkap dalam air 2 Q Ionised partially in water
Mengion separa lengkap dalam air 6 R Ionised completely in water
Mengion lengkap dalam air 13 S Ionised partially in water
Mengion separa lengkap dalam air 8 Table 5 / Jadual 5
(a) State the meaning of alkali. Nyatakan maksud alkali.
………... ………...
[1 mark ] (b) Based on Table 5, state the
Berdasarkan Jadual 5 , nyatakan
(ii) weak acid / asid lemah : ………... [2 marks] (c) Diagram 5.1 shows a bottle of powder malic acid.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebotol serbuk asid malik.
Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1
Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in green apples and in a wide variety of unripe fruits.
Asid malik merupakan suatu asid lemah yang wujud secara semula jadi dalam epal hijau dan juga dalam pelbagai jenis buah-buahan yang belum masak.
Describe a chemical test to prove that the malic acid is an acid.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membuktikan bahawa asid malik merupakan suatu asid. ………... ………... ………...
[3 marks] (d) Diagram 5.2 shows a volumetric flask containing 500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution. This solution is known as a standard solution.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebuah kelalang volumetrik yang mengandungi 500 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3. Larutan ini dikenali sebagai larutan piawai.
Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2
500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution 500 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 Graduation mark
(i) To prepare the standard solution in Diagram 5.2, a student added x g of solid sodium hydroxide into a 500 cm3 volumetric flask. Then, distilled water is added until
graduation mark is reached.
Untuk menyediakan larutan piawai seperti dalam Rajah 5.2, seorang pelajar telah menambahkan x g pepejal natrium hidroksida ke dalam sebuah kelalang volumetrik 500 cm3. Kemudian, air suling ditambahkan sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan. Calculate the value of x .
Hitungkan nilai x .
[Molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH = 40] [ Jisim molar bagi natrium hidroksida, NaOH = 40]
[2 marks] (ii) The standard solution in Diagram 5.2 is used to determine the concentration of a
sample of sulphuric acid by titration method. Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set-up used.
Larutan piawai dalam Rajah 5.2 digunakan untuk menentukan kepekatan satu contoh asid sulfurik menggunakan kaedah pentitratan.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas yang digunakan.
Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik
50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator
50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 + penunjuk fenolftalein
Complete neutralisation of 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution required 25.0 cm3 of the sulphuric acid.
Peneutralan lengkap 50.0 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3memerlukan 25.0 cm3asid sulfurik.
Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol dm-3. Hitungkan kepekatan asid sulfurik tersebut dalam mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 4]
4 (a) Table 4 shows the pH value of different concentration of ethanoic acid solutions.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan asid etanoik dalam kepekatan yang berbeza. Set Set Concentration (mol dm-3) Kepekatan, (mol dm-3) pH value Nilai pH I 0.1 3 II 0.01 4 Table 4 / Jadual 4 (i) Draw the structural formula of ethanoic acid.
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi asid etanoik .
[1 mark] (ii) The pH values of ethanoic acid in set I and set II are different. Give a reason.
Nilai pH asid etanoik di dalam set I dan set II adalah berbeza. Berikan satu alasan. ...
(b) Diagram 4 shows the series of reactions involving ammonia.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan ammonia.
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 (i) Write the chemical formula of ammonia.
Tuliskan formula kimia bagi ammonia.
...
[1 mark] (ii) State the type of particles in ammonia.
Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam ammonia.
...
[1 mark] (iii) Solution P change red litmus paper to blue.
State the particle that cause the changes.
Larutan P menukarkan kertas litmus merah ke biru. Nyatakan zarah yang menyebabkan perubahan itu.
...
[1 mark] (iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction between solution P and nitric acid.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara larutan P dengan asid nitrik. ... [2 marks] (v) Name process Y. Namakan proses Y. ... [1 mark] (vi) Describe briefly how to confirm the present of anion in solution Q.
Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion yang terdapat di dalam larutan Q. Ammonia Ammonia Solution P Larutan P + Solvent X + Pelarut X Solution Q Larutan Q + Nitric acid + Asid nitrik Process Y Proses Y
... ... ...
[3 marks]
[Kedah 2016, No 4]
4. Diagram 4.1 shows the reading of pH meter, dipped into acid solutions P, Q, R and S.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH, yang dicelup ke dalam larutan asid P, Q, R dan S.
Diagram 4.1/ Rajah 4.1 (a) State the meaning of acid.
Nyatakan maksud asid.
... [1 mark] (b) Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation?
Larutan yang manakah mempunyai darjah pengionan yang terendah?
... [1 mark] (c) Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values.
Larutan P, Q, R dan S mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza. (i) Which solution is a strong acid?
Larutan manakah adalah suatu asid kuat ?
... [1 mark] (ii) Based on the concentration of hydrogen ion, explain your answer in c(i).
Berdasarkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(i).
... pH1.0 Solution P Larutan P pH2.0 Solution Q Larutan Q pH3.0 Solution R Larutan R pH4.0 Solution S Larutan S
(d) Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the end point of neutralisation between 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid added to 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.
The ammeter readings are recorded for each 5cm3 addition of sulphuric acid.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat akhir peneutralan antara asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 yang ditambahkan ke dalam 20 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.
Bacaan ammeter direkodkan setiap kali 5 cm3asid sulfurik ditambahkan.
A graph of the ammeter readings versus the volumes of sulphuric acid is as shown in Diagram 4.2. Graf bacaan ammeter melawan isi padu asid sulfurik ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
Diagram 4.3/ Rajah 4.3 Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2
20 cm3 natrium hydroxide solution 20 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida Carbon electrodes
Elektrod-elektrod karbon
1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik 1.0 moldm-3
A 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Volume of sulphuric acid (cm3)
Isipadu asid sulfurik (cm3) Ammeter reading (A)
(i) Based on Diagram 4.3, determine the volume of sulphuric acid needed when the end point is achieved.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3 , tentukan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan apabila takat akhir dicapai.
... [1 mark] (ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
... [2 marks] (iii) Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Hitungkan kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida.
[MRSM 2016, No 3]
3 Table 3 shows the information of two substances; E and F. Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua bahan; E dan F.
Substance
Bahan
E F
As food flavouring and As electrolyte in car battery. preservative. Sebagai elektrolit dalam bateri
Sebagai perisa dan pengawet kereta. makanan.
Uses
Kegunaan
Table 3/ Jadual 3 (a) (i) State the ion that causes the acidic properties of E and F.
Nyatakan ion yang menyebabkan sifat keasidan bagi E dan F.
………….………….……….. [1 mark] (ii) State one example for substance E and F.
Nyatakan satu contoh bahan E dan F.
E: ………….……….… F : ……….………..………….…… [2 marks] (iii) At the same concentration, pH value of E is higher than F. Explain why?
Pada kepekatan yang sama, nilai pH bagi E adalah lebih tinggi daripada F. Jelaskan mengapa? ………….………….………..
4.0
(iv) Describe a chemical test to verify substance F.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan bahan F.
………….………….……….. [1 mark] (b) The chemical equation for the reaction between acid H2X and zinc carbonate powder is as
follows:
Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di antara asid H2X dan serbuk zink karbonat adalah seperti berikut:
H2X + ZnCO3 → ZnX + CO2 + H2O
Acid H2X reacts with zinc carbonate to produce 448 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas at standard temperature and pressure. Calculate the mass of zinc carbonate used in this reaction.
[Relative atomic mass; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Molar volume of gas = 22.4 dm3 mol-1]
Asid H 2 X bertindak balas dengan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan 448 cm3 gas karbon dioksida pada suhu dan tekanan piawai. Kira jisim zink karbonat yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.
[Jisim atom relatif; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Isipadu molar gas = 22.4 dm3mol -1 ]
[3 marks]
[Pahang 2016, No 4]
4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH value of hydrochloric acid and acid X of the same molarity.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid X yang mempunyai kemolaran yang sama.
Diagram 4.1/ Rajah 4.1
(i) Based on the information in Diagram 4.1, suggest acid X. Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 4.1, cadangkan asid X.
... [1 mark]
1.0 Hydrochloric acid Acid X
Asid hidroklorik Asid X
Beaker M
(ii) Explain why the pH value of aqueous solution of acid X is higher than the pH value of hydrochloric acid
Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH larutan akueus asid X lebih tinggi berbanding nilai pH asid hidroklorik.
... ...
[2 marks] (iii) When water is added into beaker M, what happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric acid?
Give reason to your answer.
Apabila air ditambahkan ke dalam bikar M, apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai pH asid hidroklorik? Berikan alasan anda.
... ...
[2 marks] (b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps involved in the preparation of a standard solution X.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan larutan piawai X. Calculate the mass of X solute needed
Hitung jisim bahan terlarut X yang diperlukan
Weight out the exact mass of X solute needed Timbang jisim bahan terlarut X dengan tepat
Dissolve the solute X in a small amount of distilled water Larutkan bahan terlarut X ke dalam sejumlah kecil air suling
Transfer the dissolved X solute into a suitable volumetric flask Pindahkan larutan X ke dalam kelalang volumetrik yang bersesuaian
Add enough water until reach graduation mark. Tambah air sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.
Standard solution X Larutan piawai X Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2
(i) State the meaning of standard solution Nyatakan maksud larutan piawai.
...
[1 mark] (ii) The concentration of standard solution X produced is 1.0 mol dm-3. By using the standard
solution produced, Nazmi need to prepare solution X with a lower concentration. Name the method used to prepare a solution with lower concentration.
Kepekatan larutan piawai X yang terhasil adalah 1.0 mol dm-3. Dengan menggunakan larutan piawai yang dihasilkan, Nazmi perlu menyediakan larutan X dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah. Namakan kaedah yang perlu digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah.
...
[1 mark] (iii) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used to prepare standard solution rather than
a beaker. Why?
Kelalang volumetric lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai berbanding bikar. Mengapa?
... ...
[1 mark] (iv) Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H
2SO4 needed to prepare 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H
2SO4.
Hitung isipadu 2.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H 2SO4 yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H
2SO4.
Chapter 7 : Electrochemistry [Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 5]
5 Diagram 5 shows two electrolytic cells with different concentration of sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua sel elektrolisis dengan larutan natrium klorida sebagai elektrolit.
Cell I Cell II
Diagram 5/ Rajah 5
(a) Write the formula of all anions and cations present in sodium chloride solution.
Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion dan kation yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium klorida. Anions : ... Cations : ...
Anion Kation
[2 marks] (b) Based on Cell I and Cell II in Diagram 5,
Berdasarkan Sel I dan Sel II dalam Rajah 5 , (i) Name the product formed at the anode.
Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod.
Cell I : ... Sel I
Cell II : ... Sel II
[2 marks] (ii) Write the half equations for the reactions at the anode.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di anod. Cell I : ... Sel I Cell II : ... Sel II [2 marks] Carbon electrode Elektrod karbon 0.001 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida 0.001 mol dm-3 1.0 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3
(c) A colourless gas is produced at the cathode of Cell II and the gas is collected in a test tube. Describe one chemical test to identify the gas produced.
Gas tanpa warna yang terhasil di katod dalam Sel II telah dikumpulkan dalam sebuah tabung uji. Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas itu.
... ...
[2 marks] (d) A voltaic cell can generate electricity.
By choosing any two metal strips given in the box, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus set-up of a voltaic cell that can produce the highest voltage.
Sel voltan boleh menghasilkan arus elektrik.
Dengan memilih mana-mana dua kepingan logam yang diberi dalam kotak, lukiskan satu rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas sel voltan bagi menghasilkan voltan paling tinggi.
Magnesium strip Copper strip Silver strip Kepingan Magnesium Kepingan Kuprum Kepingan Argentum
[MRSM 2016, No 4]
4 Diagram 4.1 shows two metals inserted in a potato that contains phosphoric acid, H3PO4. A student found that the light emitting diode (LED) bulb is lighted.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua logam yang dimasukkan ke dalam kentang yang mengandungi asid fosforik, H3PO4. Seorang pelajar mendapati mentol diod pemancar cahaya (LED) tersebut menyala.
(a) Name the type of cell in Diagram 4.1. Namakan jenis sel dalam Rajah 4.1.
………….………….………..
[1 mark] (b) State the energy conversion that occur in the cell stated in (a).
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel yang dinyatakan di (a).
………….………….……….………..
[1 mark] (c) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at positive terminal.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di terminal positif.
………….………….………..
[2 marks] (d) If the experiment is repeated by using a series circuit containing three potatoes, suggest the suitable apparatus to
replace LED to show electrical conductivity.
Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan litar sesiri mengandungi tiga biji kentang, cadangkan radas yang sesuai untuk menggantikan LED bagi menunjukkan kekonduksian elektrik.
………….………….……….………..
[1 mark] (e) A teacher asks the students to modify the above cell to produce brighter LED light as shown in Diagram 4.2.
Seorang guru mengarahkan pelajar-pelajarnya untuk mengubahsuai sel di atas supaya cahaya LED yang terhasil lebih terang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2
Magnesium Magnesium
Iron Ferum
(i) State one example of metal X. Nyatakan satu contoh logam X.
………….………….……….……….. [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in e(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di e(i).
………….………….……….……….. [1 mark] (f) (i) Suggest a fruit that can be used to replace potato to make the bulb lights up.
Cadangkan sejenis buah yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan kentang bagi menyalakan mentol. ………….………….……….………..
[1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in f(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di f(i).
………..…… ………..
[2 marks] Magnesium
Magnesium Logam X Metal X
[SBP 2016, No 3]
3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to purify the impure copper metal by using electrolysis process. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk menulenkan logam kuprum tak tulen dengan menggunakan
kaedah elektrolisis.
Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (a) What is the function of cell Q?
Apakah fungsi sel Q?
……….……….. [1 mark] (b) Suggest a substance that can be used as
Cadangkan bahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai
Electrode X/ Elektrod X: ……….……….…… Solution Y/ Larutan Y: …………....………. [2 marks] (c) At cell Q, there are colourless gas bubbles produce at electrode X.
Pada sel Q, terdapat gelembung-gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas di elektrod X. i. Write the half equation for the formation of the gas.
Tulis persamaan setengah untuk pembentukan gas tersebut.
……… [1 mark] ii. Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the gas produced.
Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas yang terhasil. ……… ……… ………
(d) Alloy of copper is harder than pure copper. Aloi kuprum lebih keras daripada kuprum tulen.
i. Draw the arrangement of atoms in the alloy of copper. Lukis gambarajah susunan atom di dalam aloi kuprum.
[2 marks] ii. Explain the hardness of the alloy.
Terangkan kekerasan aloi itu.
……… ………
Chapter 8 : Salts [Pahang 2016, No 5]
5. Diagram 5 shows a flowchart for the formation of precipitate V and solution W. Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan mendakan V dan larutan W.
Lead(II) nitrate solution Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Reaction M Precipitate V Solution W Tindak balas M
+
Mendakan V Larutan W Diagram 5/ Rajah 5 (a) Identify precipitate V and solution W.Kenal pasti mendakan V dan larutan W.
Precipitate V :...……… Mendakan V
Solution W :………..………. Larutan W
[2 marks] (b) (i) State the name of reaction M.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas M.
...………..
[1 mark] (ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction M.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas M.
….…………..………..
[2 marks] (c) Calculate the mass of precipitate V formed in the reaction if 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II)
nitrate solution is used. [Relative atomic mass : Cl=35 ; Pb=207]
Hitungkan jisim mendakan V yang terbentuk di dalam tindak balas itu jika 50 cm3 larutan plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3digunakan. [Jisim atom relatif Cl =35; Pb=207]
[2 marks] Sodium chloride solution
(d) Describe briefly chemical test to verify the anion in solution W.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk menentusah anion dalam larutan W. ……….. ……….. ……….. ………..
[3 marks] (d) If sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the same volume and
concentration, predict the mass of the precipitate formed.
Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium klorida yang sama isipadu dan kepekatannya ramalkan jisim mendakan terbentuk.
..………..
[1 mark]
[Perlis 2016, No 6]
6 Diagram 6 shows the conversion of lead(II) nitrate.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertukaran bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.
Diagram 6/ Rajah 6 (a) (i) Write the chemical formulae of lead(II) nitrate.
Tuliskan formula kimia untuk plumbum(II) nitrat . ……….
(ii) State the name of reaction I Nyatakan nama tindak balas I
………
[2 marks]
II
Lead(II) nitrate solution Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Solid salt P Pepejal garam P Solid Q Pepejal Q Gas R Gas R
I
Na2CO3 solution Larutan Na2CO3 Heated Dipanaskan+
(b) Based on Diagram 6, identify salt P, solid Q and gas R.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6, kenal pasti garam P, pepejal Q dan gas R. P: ………..
Q: ………. R: ……….
[3 marks] (c) State the colour of solid Q.
Nyatakan warna pepejal Q.
……….
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Draw a labelled diagram for heating solid salt P in Reaction II.
Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk pemanasan pepejal garam P dalam tindak balas II.
[2 marks] (ii) Write a chemical equation for reaction (d)(i).
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (d)(i).
………
[1 mark] (e) Marina has heated 2.67 g salt P in the laboratory.
Calculate volume of gas R released at room condition.
[Molar mass solid salt P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions] Marina telah memanaskan 2.67 g garam P dalam makmal.
Hitungkan isipadu gas R yang dibebaskan dalam keadaan bilik .
[ Jisim molar pepejal garam P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik ]
[SBP 2016, No 4]
4 Diagram 4 shows three types of salt that is commonly found in school laboratories and widely used in various industries.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis garam yang biasa dijumpai di makmal sekolah dan banyak digunakan dalam pelbagai industri.
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4;
Berdasarkan Rajah 4;
a) (i) State the name of one soluble salt. Nyatakan nama satu garam terlarutkan.
……… [1 mark] (ii) Write the chemical formula of the salt.
Tuliskan formula kimia garam tersebut.
………
[1 mark] (iii) What is the colour of the solid salt mention in (a)(i)?
Apakah warna garam pepejal yang dinyatakan dalam (a)(i)?
………
[1 mark] b) 26.7 g of the carbonate salt was decomposed when strongly heated.
26.7 g garam karbonat tersebut telah terurai apabila di panaskan dengan kuat. (i) What can be observed after solid carbonate salt is heated?
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan selepas pepejal garam karbonat dipanaskan? ………
[1 mark]
Magnesium nitrate Lead(II) carbonate Copper(II) sulphate
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the decomposition process occurred. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk menunjukkan proses penguraian yang berlaku.
……… [1 mark] (iii) Determine the maximum volume of gas released from the decomposition process.
Tentukan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas daripada proses penguraian ini.
[Relative atomic mass: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
[ Jisim atom relatif : Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik ]
[2 marks] c) Describe briefly how you can verify the present of anion in the sulphate salt.
Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan kehadiran anion di dalam garam sulfat tersebut.
……… ……… ………
Chapter 9 : Manufactured Substances In Industries [Terengganu 2016, No 1]
1 Diagram 1 show stages of chemical reactions that involved in the Process Y in producing of sulphuric acid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat tindakbalas kimia yang terlibat dalam Proses Y bagi penghasilan asid sulfurik.
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 (a) (i) State the name of process Y
Nyatakan nama bagi proses Y.
……… [1 mark ] (ii) Complete the chemical equation for Stage 3 in the Diagram 1.
Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk Peringkat 3 dalam Rajah 1.
[1 mark ] (b) (i) State one substance from Process Y that gives the effect to environment.
Nyatakan satu bahan daripada Proses Y yang memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar. ………
[1 mark ] (ii) Explain how the substance that you have stated in question (b) (i) can pollute the
environment.
Terangkan bagaimana bahan yang anda nyatakan dalam soalan b(i) boleh mencemarkan alam sekitar.
……… ……… [2 marks] Stage 1 / Peringkat 1 : S + O2 → SO2 Stage 2 / Peringkat 2 : 2SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3 Stage 3 / Peringkat 3 : SO3 + ……… → H2S2O7 Stage 4 / Peringkat 4 : H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4
(c) Fertilizer ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 can be produced from sulphuric acid. Baja ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 boleh dihasilkan daripada asid sulfurik.
(i) State the chemical formula of substance that added to sulphuric acid to produced ammonium sulphate.
Nyatakan formula kimia bahan yang ditambah kepada asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan ammonium sulfat.
……… [1 mark ] (ii) Urea, (NH2)2CO and ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 are two types of fertilizer.
Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in both fertilizers. Then, which substance is a better fertilizer for the growth of plants.
[Relative atomic mass : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]
Urea,(NH2)2CO dan ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 merupakan dua jenis baja.
Hitungkan peratus nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi kedua-dua baja tersebut. Seterusnya, tentukan baja yang lebih baik bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
[ Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]
% nitrogen by mass of urea % nitrogen by mass of ammonium sulphate % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi urea % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi ammonium sulfat
Better fertilizer :
Baja terbaik : ………...
[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 1]
Diagram 1.1 shows one of the uses of synthetic polymer and its structural formula. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan salah satu kegunaan polimer sintetik dan formula strukturnya.
Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 (a) (i) State the meaning of polymer.
Nyatakan maksud polimer.
...
[1 mark] (ii) State the name polymer X.
Nyatakan nama polimer X.
...
[1 mark] (iii) Draw the structural formula of the monomer of polymer X.
Lukiskan formula struktur monomer bagi polimer X.
[1 mark] (iv) State one advantage of using X as water pipes compared to metal pipes.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan X sebagai paip air berbanding paip logam. ...
[1 mark] (b) Borosilicate glass is one type of glass that is widely use.
Kaca borosilikat merupakan salah satu jenis kaca yang banyak digunakan. (i) State the main component of the glass.
Nyatakan komponen utama kaca itu.
...
[1 mark] Polymer X
(ii) State one main characteristics of the borosilicate glass. Nyatakan satu sifat utama kaca borosilikat.
...
[1 mark] (iii) State one use of the borosilicate glass in daily life.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan kaca borosilikat di dalam kehidupan seharian.
...
[1 mark] (c) Diagram 1.2 shows a helmet that is wear by motorist for their safety.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sebuah topi keledar yang digunakan oleh penunggang motosikal untuk keselamatan mereka.
Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 Material Y is made up from the mixture of glass and plastic. Bahan Y diperbuat daripada campuran kaca dan plastik.
(i) State the name of material Y. Nyatakan nama bahan Y.
...
[1 mark] (ii) State one advantage of material Y compared to borosilicate glass.
Nyatakan kelebihan bahan Y berbanding kaca borosilikat.
...
[1 mark] Material Y
[MRSM 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows three examples of manufactured substances in industry Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan tiga contoh bahan buatan untuk industri.
Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 (a) R is an example of alloy. What is the meaning of alloy?
R merupakan contoh aloi. Apakah maksud aloi?
………..…… ………..
[1 mark] (b) Name the major component for the following substances:
Namakan komponen utama untuk bahan-bahan berikut:
Q: ………….……….… R : ……….………..………….…… [2 marks] (c) Diagram 2.2 shows a part of the structure of P.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur P.
Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2 (i) Draw the structural formula for monomer.
Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi P.
[1 mark] (ii) Substance P is often used as a water pipe.
Bahan P selalu digunakan sebagai paip air.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan paip jenis ini berbanding dengan paip besi.
………….………….……….. [1 mark]
[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 1]
1. Diagram 1 shows the production of compound M. Rajah 1 menunjukkan penghasilan bahan M.
Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 (a) (i) Name process X.
Namakan proses X.
……… [1 mark] (ii) In process X, the catalyst and high temperature is used to increase the rate of reaction. State
the catalyst and the temperature used.
Dalam proses X, mangkin dan suhu yang tinggi digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas. Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan.
Catalyst / Mangkin : ... Temperature / Suhu : ... [2 marks] (iii) In Process X, sulphur trioxide gas is not directly dissolved into water to form liquid sulphuric
acid. Explain why.
Dalam Proses X, gas sulfur trioksida tidak terus dilarutkan ke dalam air untuk menghasilkan cecair asid sulfurik. Terangkan mengapa.
……… ……… [2 marks] (b) (i) What is the name of compound L that is produced through Haber process?
Apakah nama bahan L yang terhasil melalui proses Haber.
……… [1 mark] Process X Proses X Haber Process Proses Haber Compound L Bahan L Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik Compound M Bahan M
(ii) Compound L is produced when nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas. What is the ratio of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas reacted?
Bahan L terhasil apabila gas nitrogen bertindak balas dengan gas hidrogen. Apakah nisbah gas nitrogen dan gas hidrogen yang bertindak balas?
……… [1 mark] (c) (i) Sulphuric acid reacts with compound L to produce compound M. Name compound M.
Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan bahan L untuk menghasilkan bahan M. Namakan bahan M.
……… [1 mark] (ii) State one of the use of compound M.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan bahan M.
……… [1 mark]
Chapter 10 : Rate of Reaction [Terengganu 2016, No 4]
4 A student carried out two experiments to investigate the factor that affects the rate of reaction. Table 4 shows the results of the experiments.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor-faktor yang
menpengaruhi kadar sesuatu tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen-eksperimen tersebut .
Experiment Eksperimen
Diagram Rajah
Volume of gas collected when magnesium reacted
completely /cm3 Isipadu gas yang
dikumpul apabila magnesium lengkap bertindak balas /cm3 I 50 II 50 Table 4 / Jadual 4
(a) From this experiment, state the meaning of rate of reaction. Daripada ekperimen ini, nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas.
………... ………... [1 mark ] 3 minutes 3 minit m g of magnesium powder m g serbuk magnesium
0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid in excess asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3berlebihan
5 minutes 5 minit m g of magnesium ribbon
m g pita magnesium
0.5 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid in excess asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3berlebihan
