Fabrication - Assembly & Erection

(1)

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

(2)

(3)

Pressure

Vessels

(4)

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

Fabrication

Fabrication is is the the preparation preparation of of piping piping assyassy

,including cutting, threading , grooving, forming,

bending,

bending, and and joining joining of of components components intointo

subassemblies. Fabricating maybe performed in the

shop or in the field.

(5)

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

Assembly

Assembly : is the joining together of two: is the joining together of two

or more piping components by bolting,

welding, bonding, screwing, brazing,

soldering, cementing, or use of packing

devices as specified by the engineering

design.

(6)

Erection : is the complete installation of piping system in the location, and on the support

designated by the engineering design, including, any field assembly fabrication, eamination,

inspection, and testing, of the system are re!uired by the "ode.

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

(7)

328 WELDING

#elding shall conform to para. $%&.' through $%&.( in accordance with applicable re!uirements of para. $''.%.

328. W!"#in$ R!%&on%ibi"it'

Eac( !)&"o'!r i% r!%&on%ib"! *or t(! +!"#in$ #on! b' t(! &!r%onn!" o* (i% or$aniation an#, !-c!&t a% &roi#!# in &ara. 328.2.2 an# 328.2.3, %(a"" con#/ct t(! t!%t% r!0/ir!# to 0/a"i*' +!"#in$ &roc!#/r!%, an# to 0/a"i*' an# a% n!c!%%ar' r! 0/a"i*' +!"#!r% an#

(8)

 _{Para; 328, 330, 331, 332 and 333}

apply for fabrication, assembly &

erection of metallic piping & component 328 ---- WELDING

330 ---- !E"E#$ 33% ---- "$

333 ---- !#'ING ( )*LDE!ING

Requirements for assembly or

erection are the same as fabrication

(9)

Employer responsible for the welding done by his employee and shall conduct of;

Qualification of Welding Procedures WPS

 _{Qualification/Re-qualification of Welder and Welding}

Operator

 _{Exception provided in Para 32822 and 32823} _{!WPS "}

WE#$ER %ES% &' O%(ERS )

WEL!NG RE"#$N"!%!L!&'

(10)

_{(uali)cation of W#" * Welder+Welding $perator}

refer A",E !-. e/cept as modi)ed herein

_{When base metal not withstand 012deg guided}

bend test as A",E !-.a qualifying welded

specimen is required to undergo the same degree of bending as the base metal. within 3 deg4

_{#reheating refer to #ara 552}

_{6eat &reatment refer to #ara 550}

_{When impact testing is required. then the abo7e}

requirements shall be meet in W#"4

_{When consumables inserts. integrally machines}

equi7alent. bac8ing ring are used. it shall demonstrated in quali)cation

_{,aterials are grouping to assigned #9number+}

"9number to reduce number of #(Rs

(11)

33 1REEATING 33. G!n!ra"

)reheating is used, along with heat

treatment, to minimize the detrimental effects of high temperature and severe thermal gradients inherent in welding. *he necessity for preheating and the

temperature to be used shall be specified in the engineering design and

demonstrated by procedure !ualification. *he re!uirements and recommendations herein apply to all types of welding

including tack welds, repair welds, and seal welds of threaded joints.

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

(12)

(13)

(14)

$$+.'.' e!uirements and ecommendations. e!uired and recommended minimum preheat

temperatures for materials of various )-umbers are given in *able $$+.'.'. /f the ambient temperature is below +0" 1$%2F3, the recommendations in *able

$$+.'.' become re!uirements. *he thickness intended in *able $$+.'.' is that of the thicker component measured at the joint.

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

(15)

FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND

ERECTION

(16)

"ubect to speci)c appro7al of the

!nspector.

W#" quali)ed by others may be used pro7ided that:

_{!nspector shall be satis)ed that proposed W#"}

prepared. quali)ed * e/ecuted by e/pert in welding and no change made in WPS.

_{,aterials are #90. #95. #9< Gr4 No40 =0 > ?r ma/@.}

#91 and impact test not required

_{Base metal to be joined = same P-number . e/cept}

#90. #95 and #9< Gp90 may be welded each other

_{If thickness ≤ 19mm. #W6& shall not be required}

(uali)cation by $thers

#ara 5144

(17)

_{Designe+ pressre #).E %/1 N 10 class 300 rating}

for material te material at +esign temperatre

_{Design temperatre  -24 to 344 +eg 5elsis inclsi6e} _{Wel+ing process  ).#W or G$#W or combination} _{Electro+e for ).#W see table 32822 7g}

_{y signatre, employer accept responsibility for bot}

W) & 9!

_{#t least % :el+er(operator acti6e as passe+ ;alification}

test sing te proce+re an+ -nmber so:n in W) "e sall be ;alifie+ sing ben+ test as #).E I<, 9W-302 9alification by ra+iograpy is not acceptable

(18)



_{Employer sall maintain a self-certifie+}

recor+, a6ailable to o:ner & Inspector



_{It so:ing te +ate an+ reslt of 9!}

an+ Wel+er 9alification



_{I+entification symbol assigne+ to eac}

:el+er an+ :el+ing operator

(19)

(20)

_{)b=ect to specifically appro6e+ by inspector>}

employer may accept a 9$ ma+e for anoter employer

_{#cceptance is limite+ to ;alification on piping sing}

same or e;i6alent W) :ere te essential 6ariables are :itin te limit as #).E I<

_{# copy of 9$ recor+ sall be obtaine+ by employer}

#erformance (uali)cation by

$thers =#ara 51445@

(21)

_{?iller metal sall conform to #).E I< re;irements}

_{?iller metal not *et incorporated in #).E, may be se+}

sb=ect to *:ner@s appro6al an+ ;alification test sccessflly ma+e

(22)

(23)

Wen bacAing are se+, tey sall conform to>

_{?erros metal bacAing rings sall be of +elda,le qualit*}

+it sulfur . 01

_{If t:o abtting srface :el+e+ to tir+ member & % or 2}

of tree are ferritic an+ te oter astenitic, it sall be +emonstrate+ by W9! as ara 3282

_{acAing rings may be continuous acined or split ,and} _{onferrous " onetallic ,ac4ing ring may be se+}

sb=ect Designer@s appro6al an+ +emonstrate+ by W9! as ara 3282

(24)

(25)

5onsmable insert may be se+ pro6i+e+>

_{oinal coposition are sae as te filler etal} _{ot cause detriental allo*ing of te +eld etal}

_{Welding procedure using te are qualified as Para 3282}

(26)

Internal an+ eBternal srfaces to be termally ct or :el+e+ sall be clean an+ free from>

_aint

_*il

_!st

_)cale

_{*ter material :ol+ be +etrimental to te base}

metal or :el+

(27)

_General

_{End preparation is acceptable only if the surface is}

reasonably smooth  true! and slag is clean

_{"iscoloration remaining on thermally cutting is not}

considered detrimental o/idation

_{End preparation for groo7e welds as A",E %0C43.}

or any other which meet W#" is acceptable

(28)

End preparation is acceptable only if the

surface is reasonably smooth & true, and slag is clean

(29)



_$r_$r_{imming to correct}_{imming to correct} _{internal isalignent}_{internal isalignent}_{sall not}_{sall not}

re+ce min :all ticAness, tm



_{5omponent en+ may be bore to allo: for a completely}_{5omponent en+ may be bore to allo: for a completely}

recesse+ bacAing ring,

recesse+ bacAing ring, pro provided not revided not reduce in5+allduce in5+all

tic4ness



_{$o impro6e alignment,}_{$o impro6e alignment,}_{pipe end a* ,e si6ed end if}_{pipe end a* ,e si6ed end if}

+all tic4ness a

+all tic4ness are aintained re aintained



_W_W_e_e_{ld etal a*}_{ld etal a*}_{,e deposited to}_{,e deposited to}_{perit alignent}_{perit alignent}_or_or

pro6i+e for macining to ensre satisfactory seating

rings or inserts

?ircumferential welds

(30)

(31)



_{Wen a}

_girt(mit

_{er groo6e :el+}

_=oints

component of ne;al ticAness an+

one C%1 ticAness of te oter, en+

preparation an+ geo

metry sall be in

accor+ance :it acceptable +esign in

#).E %/21

(32)

?ircumferent

?ircumferential ial WWeldselds



_{Alignment of}_{Alignment of} _{inside surface of com#onent}_{inside surface of com#onent}_{shall be}_{shall be}

within imensional limit in W#" * Engineering

design



_{!f e/ternal surface not aligned.}_{!f e/ternal surface not aligned.} _{it shall be ta#ered}_{it shall be ta#ered}

Alignment

(33)

Alignment of Longitudinal welds shall be

conform to the requirements of #ara 514<45 =a@

(34)

(35)

_{ranc 5onnections :ic abt te otsi+e srface of}

te rn pipe sall be contore+ for groo6e :el+ as W) re;irements

_{ranc connections inserte+ trog a rn opening}

sall be inserte+  insi+e srface of te rn pipe at all points

_{!n openings for branc connections sall not +e6iate}

from te re;ire+ contor C +imension m, see fig328

_{Root opening sall be :itin W) tolerance}

(36)

(37)

(38)

_{Wel+s incl+e a++ition :el+ sall be ma+e in accor+ance}

:it W) & ;alifie+ :el+er

_{Wel+er(operator sall be assigne+ :it identification}

s*,ol " ar4ed on te 7oint or recor+s file

_{$acA :el+s at te root =oint sall be ma+e by ;alifie+}

:el+er an+ :it filler metal e;i6alent to be se+ for root

_{&ridges tac4s sall ,e reoved}

_{Peening is proi,ited on te root " cap}

(39)

(40)

(41)

No welding shall be done if there is

impingement on the weld area of;



_Rain



_"now



_"leet



_{E/cessi7e Wind}

(42)

_{Welding sequences. procedure. 6eat}

&reatment for a welding end 7al7e shall be such as to preser7e =aga@ the seat tightness of $al$e

(43)

_{?illet :el+s may 6ary from con6eB to conca6e} _{$e siFe of fillet :el+s refer ?ig32812#}

_{)lip on & )ocAet :el+ing refer to ?ig 32812} _{*ter socAet :el+ing component refer to}

?ig328125 an+ .)) )-%%4

_{)ingle :el+e+ for slip on flange sall be at te b}

(44)

B!LLE& WEL ?$N&$FR

GENERAL NOTE: The size of an equal leg fillet weld is the leg length of the largest inscribed isosceles right triangle (theoretical throat p !"" size#!

GENERAL NOTE: The size of unequal leg fillet weld is the leg lengths of the largest right triangle which can be inscribed within the weld cross section $e!g!% &'  &)  (&*+ in! '*, in!#-!

(45)

(46)

(47)

_{"eal welding shall be done by a quali)ed}

welder

_{"eal welds shall co7er all e/posed threads}

(48)



_{&ypical acceptable detail branch}

connections see Big4 51434<A  51434<E

(49)

Big4 51434< for basic types of weld

attachments used in fabrication of branch

connections

(50)

"iHe of welds shall be calculated in

accordance with #ara 52<4545 but

not less than siHe in Big451434<

(51)

(52)

%ranch connections+)ttings which abut the outside of the run or insert in an opening run

shall be attached by full% #enetrated groo$e &elds

(53)

Welds shall be )nished with co7er )llet welds ha7ing a throat dimension not less than tc.

Big451434< s8etch 0 * 

(54)

_{Bull penetrated groo7e weld * )nished with}

co7er )llet throat dimension I tc

_{Billet welds ha7ing a throat dimension I 24Jtc4}

"ee Big4 51434< s8etch =3@

Attaching reinforcing

(55)

_{$uter edge of reinforcing pad+saddle shall be}

attached to the run pipe by )llet welds ha7ing throat dimension I 243&r4

(56)

_{A 7ent hole shall be pro7ided at the side of}

any pad or saddle to re$eal leakage in the &eld during &elding  heat treatment.

_{' #ad(saddle ma% be made in more than one}

#iece  each #iece has a $ent hole. the

strength of oint shall be equi7alent to based metal

(57)

E/amination * repairs of welds

between branch and run shall be

made before attaching a

#ad(saddle

(58)

&ypical fabricated laps shown Big4 514343

Babricated Laps

GENERAL NOTE4

6aps shall be machined 1front and back3 or trued after welding. )late

flanges per para. $+7.8 or lap joint flanges per A59E 4'(.8 may be used. #elds may be

machined to radius, as in sketch 1e3, if necessary to match A59E 4'(.8 lap joint flanges.

(59)

W#" shall be employed which pro7ides a

smooth! regular! full% #enetrated inner surface

W)*+

(60)



_{Weld defect shall be remo$ed to sound}

metal



_{Fse a ,ualied WPS}



_{Repair shall be made by ,ualied &elder}



_{#reheating * #W6& shall be as original}

&elding

(61)

W#" RE#A!R A",E

!-5W622.3 W!"# R!&air an# B/i"#/&.

#)5 !ualified on groove welds shall be applicable for weld repairs to groove and fillet welds and for weld buildup under the

following provisions:

(a) There is no limitation on the thickness of base metal or deposited weld metal for fillet welds.

(b) For other than fillet welds, the thickness range for base metal and deposited weld metal for each welding

process shall be in accordance with #-78', ecept there need be no upper limit on the base metal thickness provided !ualification was made on base metal having a thickness

(62)

EAT

TREATMENT

<EA* *EA* / )/)/= A59E 4$'.$ /5 )#<*

(63)

#urpose of preheatKK4

o minimi/e detrimental e0ects of high tem#erature and se$ere thermal gradients

inherent in &elding

(64)

(65)



_{All joint welds}



_{Tack welds}



_{Repair Welds}



_{Seal welds of threaded joints}

(66)



_{See %a,le 33 for recoended}

iniu teperature



_{9f te a,ient tep : }

_

_{;elsius5 te}

recoendations in %a,le 33 ,ecoe

requireents



_{<overned tic4ness = tic4er coponent}

easure at te 7oint

#reheat Requirements *

Recommendations

(67)

Preheat for unlisted material shall be

specified in WPS

(68)

%eperature sall ,e cec4ed ,* use of>



_{%epil Stic4}



_{%erocouple p*roeters}



_{Oter suita,le equipents}

(69)

$ermocoples,

a* ,e teporaril* attaced directl* to pressure containing parts using capacitor discarge etod of +elding +itout WPS qualification

#fter remo6al,

te area sall visuall* exained for evidence of defects to ,e repaired

(70)

#reheat Mone

1" 1" Preheat Zone

(71)

When two dissimilar welded togetherK4

→ It is recommended to use higher

tem#erature sho&n in able 2.1.1

(72)

!f the welding is interrupted.



_{3ooling rate shall be control or other}

means shall be used to #re$ent

detrimental e0ects in #i#ing



_{Preheat shall be a##lied before}

&elding resume

(73)

6eat treatment shall be in accordance with

the material groupings * thic8ness in table

5504040

(74)

(75)

_{Fse thic8er component at the oint}

_{Reinforcement pad+saddle shall not be}

consider in determining requirements4

_{#W6& is required. when. weld through}

thic8ness  min4 thic8 #W6&

(76)

#W6& not required for:

(1) not required for P-o! 1 materials when weld throat thickness is '( mm 18;& in.3 or less, regardless of base metal thickness.

(") not required for P-o! #, $, %, or 1' materials when weld throat thickness is '$ mm 1';% in.3 or less, regardless of base metal thickness, provided that not less than the recommended preheat is applied, and the specified minimum tensile strength of the base metal is less than 7>+ 9)a 1?' ksi3.

(#) not required for ferritic materials when welds are made with filler metal which does not air harden. Austenitic welding materials may be used for welds to ferritic materials when the effects of service conditions, such as differential thermal epansion due to elevated temperature, or corrosion, will not adversely affect the weldment.

(77)



_Furnace



_{Local Flame Heating}



_{lectric Resistance}



_{!nduction Heating}



_{"othermic #hemical Reaction}



_{!t shall be able to control and pro$ide uniformit%}

(78)



_{5ooling in ?rnace}



_{In air}



_{Local inslation}



_{*ter sitable means}

(79)

$emperatre 6erification

similar to

(80)

Hardness test are intended to

$erif% satisfactor% PWHT&



_{'atch Furnace}

_O

_{min( )*+ of welds}



_{Local PWHT}

_O

_{)**+ tested}



_{,issimilar metal}

_O

_{each metal shall}

be met ma"( hardness table --)()()

re.uirements

(81)



_/ormali0ing



_{/ormali0ing 1 Tempering}



_Annealing

O

_{2a% be applied in lieu of heat treatment}

after welding3 bending or forming3

pro$ided mechanical properties meet

re.uirements 1 appro$ed b% designer

(82)



_{PW(% +elded 7oints ,et+een dissiilar}

ferritic etals or ,et+een ferritic etal

using dissiilar ferritic etal ? sall ,e at

te iger teperature ranges in ta,le

33



_{PW(% +elded 7oints incl@d ,ot ferritic "}

austenitic coponents " filler etals ?

sall ,e as required for te ferritic aterials

(83)

_{When an entire piping assembly cant )tted}

into furnaceKK

