About risk analyses / risk evaluation

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About risk analyses / risk evaluation

Tools Examples

Practical exercise

Thale Henden (HMS-koordinator PA/Medfak)

Anne-Kristin Bjørnbakk (Satkkevollan bedriftshelsetjeneste) Karin Lia (HMS-koordinator NFH)

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Risk in private life

Cycle Tramway Motorcycle Railway Pedistrian

Airplane (National Norway) Ferry (National Norway) Buss

Car

Relative risk (1 -10) Means of Transport

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Risk in private life

Subway Cycle Tramway Motorcycle Railway Pedistrian

Airplane (National Norway) Ferry (National Norway) Buss Car Means of Transport 0.3 6 3.8 3 2.7 4 10.6 1 0.2 7 8.6 2 0.3 6 0.1 8 0.2 7 1 5

Relative death risk compared to travel by car

Relative risk (1 -10) Relative risk (1 -10)

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Risk evaluation in everyday life

In private you do it without being aware of it

• to protect your children • to protect yourself

At work you have to do it: • Before going in the field • Before going on expedition

• Before starting up new experiments in the lab

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What is risk?

Risk designates the danger that undesired events represent for humans, the surroundings or material values.

Risk is expressed in the probability and consequences of the undesired events.

Risk designates the danger that undesired events represent for humans, the surroundings or material values.

Risk is expressed in the probability and consequences of the undesired events.

Undesired event

Consequence

Risk

Probability

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Why evaluate risk?

•To identify the most important undesired

events

•To prevent accidents and undesired events

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Authority requirements, examples:

• The Working Environment Act §14 ”... • Regulations for chemicals § 6

• Regulations for work with biological factors § 8

• The Working Environment Act §14 ”... • Regulations for chemicals § 6

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Regulations relating to Systematic Health,

Environmental and Safety Activities in Enterprises (544

)

Regulations relating to Systematic Health,

Environmental and Safety Activities in Enterprises (544

)

Internal control entails that the enterprise shall: Dokumentasjon 1 _{ensure that those Acts and regulations in the field of health, environmental}

and safety legislation that apply to the enterprise are accessible, and have an overview of requirements of particular importance for the enterprise

2 _{ensure that the employees have sufficient knowledge of and proficiency in}

systematic health, environmental and safety activities, including information on changes made

3 _{ensure employee participation so as to utilise overall knowledge and}

experience

4 _{establish health, environmental and safety objectives} must be documented in writing

5 _{have an overview of the enterprise's organisational set-up, including}

allocation of responsibilities, duties and authority in regard to the work on health, the environment and safety

must be documented in writing

6 _{identify dangers and problems and against this background assess risks;}

draw up appurtenant plans and measures to reduce such risks must be documented in writing

7 _{implement routines to uncover, rectify and prevent breaches of}

requirements established in or pursuant to the health, environmental and safety legislation

must be documented in writing

8 _{carry out systematic surveillance and reviews of the internal control system}

to ensure that it functions as intended must be documented in writing

Article 6:

” identify dangers and problems and background assess risks; draw up a

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How evaluate risk?

Risk analysis:

• A systematic approach for describing and/or calculating risk.

• Involves the identification of undesired events, and the causes and consequences of these events.

Risk evaluation:

• A comparison of the results with acceptance criteria for risk.

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Risk evaluation can be done as simple

as this:

• What can go wrong?

• What can we do to prevent something going wrong?

• What can we do to reduce the

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Risk evalution methods used at UiT

•Risk- and vulnerable analysis (Grov analyse GA/ROS-metoden)

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Personnel participating in risk evaluation

• Leader of the department/section leader (always)

• Person responsible for risk evaluation (UiTø: relevant safety delegates)

• Responsible for execution of the work • Safety-deputies

• Area technician(s) • Executing personnel

• Personnel with specialist knowledge relevant to the analysis (health services

)

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How to complete a risk evalution

• Opening session

• Inspection (can be done both physically and theoretically)

• Closing and summing up session

• Making a rapport and a priority action plan (Ensure that the action plan is closed)

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Opening session

• Method (GA or SJA?) • Area for risk analysis • Activity for risk analysis

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Work site inspection

• examine the activity

• consider potential risk factors, hazards, consequences • interview, personnel

• get statistics about accidents, near-accidents, directions for use, procedures, guidelines, reports of revisal, product safety data sheets

• use standard checklists, note findings and evaluations Do not discuss measures at this point - only if there is

hazardous condition that demands instant measures

• examine the activity

• consider potential risk factors, hazards, consequences • interview, personnel

• get statistics about accidents, near-accidents, directions for use, procedures, guidelines, reports of revisal, product safety data sheets

• use standard checklists, note findings and evaluations Do not discuss measures at this point - only if there is

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Identification of possible dangerous

situations such as

• Mechanical class of risk • Thermal...

• Electric... • Chemical... • Biological... • Ionization...

• Noice and vibration... • Working position...

• Organizational... • Psychososial... • And other

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Possible reasons for unwanted situations

Inadequate/poor • Training • Protective equipment • Working equipment • Routines • Commucation • Staff • Time

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Sum up - meeting

•After work-site inspection •Go through checklists

•give measure to mitigate risk priority

•set time limits on schedule •person responsible for the task

•Report, pictures

•After work-site inspection •Go through checklists

•give measure to mitigate risk priority

•set time limits on schedule •person responsible for the task

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Where to use the Risk- and vulnerable

analysis primary analysis (GA)

• To get an overview of potensial areas of risk • Can also be used on detailes

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Grovanalyse (GA)

Probability Consequense Low risk High risk Increa sing ris k Priority of mea sures

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Categories of consequence (GA)

Consequences Value Human/Health Enviromental Economical

Very serious ₄ Very serious illness or damage or death Svært langvarig eller

ikke-reversibel skade på ytre miljø.

Tap av alvorlige skder på

kritiske deler av bygg/driftsenhet.

Arbeidsstans for større enhet i

mer enn ett år.

Serious ₃ Very serious illness or damage - prolonged sick leave Langvarig skade på ytre miljø

Lang restitusjonstid.

Tap av eller skader på deler av bygningsmasse eller viktige maskiner/instrumenter.

Arbeidsstans i mer enn 3 uker.

Less serious ₂ Illness or damage - sick leave Mindre skade på ytre miljø

Lang restitusjonstid

Mindre lokal skade på bygning eller maskiner/instrumenter som (ved behov) kan utbedres i løpet av kort tid.

Arbeidsstns i mer enn 1 uke.

Minory ₁ Minor injuries - without sick leave Ubetydelig skade på ytre miljø

Ingen restitusjonstid

Ubetydelig påviselig skade på bygning eller maskin/instrument. Arbeidsstans i mindre enn 1 uke.

Consequences Value Human/Health Enviromental Economical

Very serious ₄ Very serious illness or damage or death Svært langvarig eller

ikke-reversibel skade på ytre miljø.

Tap av alvorlige skder på

kritiske deler av bygg/driftsenhet.

Arbeidsstans for større enhet i

mer enn ett år.

Serious ₃ Very serious illness or damage - prolonged sick leave Langvarig skade på ytre miljø

Lang restitusjonstid.

Tap av eller skader på deler av bygningsmasse eller viktige maskiner/instrumenter.

Arbeidsstans i mer enn 3 uker. Less serious ₂ Illness or damage - sick leave Mindre skade på ytre miljø

Lang restitusjonstid

Mindre lokal skade på bygning eller maskiner/instrumenter som (ved behov) kan utbedres i løpet av kort tid.

Arbeidsstns i mer enn 1 uke.

Minory ₁ Minor injuries - without sick leave Ubetydelig skade på ytre miljø

Ingen restitusjonstid

Ubetydelig påviselig skade på bygning eller maskin/instrument. Arbeidsstans i mindre enn 1 uke.

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Categories of probability (GA)

Possibility Value Prescription

Very probable ₄ I gang pr 14 dag

Ones every 14th day

Probable ₃ Flere ganger årlig

Many times a year

Less probable ₂ Årlig

Ones a year

Little probable ₁ I gang pr 10 år eller mindre

One incident in a 10-years period ore less

Possibility Value Prescription

Very probable ₄ I gang pr 14 dag Ones every 14th day

Probable ₃ Flere ganger årlig Many times a year

Less probable ₂ Årlig

Ones a year

Little probable ₁ I gang pr 10 år eller mindre

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GA – Execution (sum up)

Start

Define the cause for risk evaluation, activity, limitations and area, persons in work group, acceptance criteria

Gather information and analyse

Existing guidelines, other measures to mitigate risk, authority requirements (laws, directions, instructions)

Describe the undesired event and the cause of the undesired event Estimate the consequences and probability of undesired events Define and analyse potential of improvement (undesired events) Make plans and prior measures

Follow-up plan Follow up

Execution of measures Start

Define the cause for risk evaluation, activity, limitations and area, persons in work group, acceptance criteria

Gather information and analyse

Existing guidelines, other measures to mitigate risk, authority requirements (laws, directions, instructions)

Describe the undesired event and the cause of the undesired event Estimate the consequences and probability of undesired events Define and analyse potential of improvement (undesired events)

Make plans and prior measures

Follow-up plan

Follow up

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Safe Job Analysis

SJA

-Safe Job Analysis

SJA

-•A safe job analysis is a systematic and stepwise review of all risk factors prior to a given work activity or operation

•Steps can be taken to eliminate or control the identified risk factor during preparation and execution of the work activity or operation

•A safe job analysis is a systematic and stepwise review of all risk factors prior to a given work activity or operation

•Steps can be taken to eliminate or control the identified risk factor during preparation and execution of the work activity or operation

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SJA –Area for application

Ex.

•Before going on expeditions •Diverge fixed procedures •Rare tasks

•New tasks

•Use of a new chemical, new methods •New job instruction

Ex.

•Before going on expeditions •Diverge fixed procedures •Rare tasks

•New tasks

•Use of a new chemical, new methods •New job instruction

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SJA- Execution

1. Break down the work into basic steps

2. Identify the risk factors and hazards of each step. Evaluate the likelihood and severity of the consequences, i.e. the risk in each step

3. Describe measures that eliminate or control the hazards 4. Choose responsible personnel

Take experience into consideration

New measures can give new risk factors….

Use the SJA- scheme to document the results of the SJA Review of SJA when new personnel are involved in work Information, meeting

1. Break down the work into basic steps

2. Identify the risk factors and hazards of each step. Evaluate the likelihood and severity of the consequences, i.e. the risk in each step

3. Describe measures that eliminate or control the hazards 4. Choose responsible personnel

Take experience into consideration

New measures can give new risk factors….

Use the SJA- scheme to document the results of the SJA Review of SJA when new personnel are involved in work Information, meeting

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SJA- Execution

Identify possible undesired events and hazards in each step, ex. use a checklist:

Identify causes and the results on health, enviroment or economical values Use of tools Mobile pieces Cut, stroke Falling pieces Use of tools Mobile pieces Cut, stroke Falling pieces

Fire, explosive hazards Toxical and caustic chemicals

Radiation etc.

Fire, explosive hazards Toxical and caustic chemicals

Radiation etc.

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Task/job:

Done by: Date:

Activity Risk factors Measures Responsible

Task/job:

Done by: Date:

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Example

Task/job: Transport with ATV (four wheel vehicle) and using rubberboat

Done by:XXXX Date:

Using ATV overturn Planning route Use of helmet Proper training

Using rubber boat drowning Flouting equipment

Task/job: Transport with ATV (four wheel vehicle) and using rubberboat

Done by:XXXX Date:

Using ATV overturn Planning route Use of helmet Proper training

Using rubber boat drowning Flouting equipment

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Risk evalution when working with

chemicals/biologicals factors

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Risk evalution when working with

chemicals/biologicals factors

Identify the risk of each chemicals/

biologicals factor:

•HSE-data sheet

•Regulation

•Rules

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Increa sing ris k Decrea sing the risk, by prior ity of m easure s High risk Low risk Spray painting Ordinary work condition Closed system

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Handling of chemicals

Brosjyre fra Arbeidstilsynet

som inneholder:

–Gode råd –Sjekkliste

–Handlingsplan

–Enkel risikovurdering av kjemisk arbeidsmiljø med ”bruksanvisning” og

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Litteratur

www.pil.no

Risikovurdering av kjemiske faktorer i arbeidsmiljøet Grønn serie 3-99

PIL Kjemikaliedagene 2002; Modell for risikovurdering og risikoreduksjon i små virksomheter”,

yrkeshygieniker Morten Berntsen, Teknologisk Institutt

www.arbeidstilsynet.no

Best. nr 549, 550, 566, 568, div. brosjyrer

www.sft.no

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SIKKERHET

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About risk analyses / risk evaluation