AWP2 ch 10

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ADVANCED

WORD POWER

Second Edition

B

ETH

J

OHNSON

J

ANET

M. G

OLDSTEIN

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Unit Two: Chapter 10

•

blasphemy

• incite

• enmity

• languish

• erroneous

• peruse

• garner

• recluse

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TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

–

noun

• Some of the world’s greatest thinkers, such as Copernicus, have been accused

of blasphemy because their ideas challenged the teachings of the Church.

• The Smiths have lived so long in Boston and think it is such a wonderful city

that they feel it’s almost blasphemy to consider living anywhere else.

Blasphemy

means

A.

physical violence.

B.

an insult to something holy.

C.

daydreaming.

(4)

–

noun

• Some of the world’s greatest thinkers, such as Copernicus, have been accused

of blasphemy because their ideas challenged the teachings of the Church.

• The Smiths have lived so long in Boston and think it is such a wonderful city

that they feel it’s almost blasphemy to consider living anywhere else.

Blasphemy

means

A.

physical violence.

B.

an insult to something holy.

C.

daydreaming.

1

blasphemy

People who believe that the Church’s teachings are divinely inspired

might consider an idea that challenges those teachings to be an insult

to something holy. The Smiths think Boston is so wonderful that the

idea of living elsewhere seems an insult to something—their city—they

(5)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

2

enmity

–

noun

• After their divorce, Han tried not to feel enmity toward his ex-wife. He

knew that anger and bitterness would be bad for their children.

• Lila seems to feel real enmity toward her boss; she criticizes everything

he says or does.

Enmity

means

A.

admiration.

B.

affection.

(6)

2

enmity

–

noun

• After their divorce, Han tried not to feel enmity toward his ex-wife. He

knew that anger and bitterness would be bad for their children.

• Lila seems to feel real enmity toward her boss; she criticizes everything

he says or does.

Enmity

means

A.

admiration.

B.

affection.

C.

hostility.

Anger and bitterness are signs of hostility. Constant criticism is a sign

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3

erroneous

–

adjective

• Many first-graders have the erroneous idea that their teacher lives at the

school.

• Because the newspaper had printed an erroneous date and time for the

community meeting, few people showed up when it actually took place.

Erroneous

means

A.

error-free.

B.

wrong.

(8)

3

erroneous

–

adjective

• Many first-graders have the erroneous idea that their teacher lives at the

school.

• Because the newspaper had printed an erroneous date and time for the

community meeting, few people showed up when it actually took place.

Erroneous

means

A.

error-free.

B.

wrong.

C.

original.

Many first-graders have the wrong idea about where their teachers

live. Since the wrong time and date were announced in the

(9)

4

garner

–

verb

• Once a year, the company president sends around a questionnaire to

garner ideas from the employees about how to improve workplace conditions.

• Although Avatar did not win any major Academy Awards in 2010, it

garnered praise from environmentalists everywhere for its themes of a world in balance and the connections among all living things.

Garner

means

A.

to gather.

B.

to distribute.

C.

to reject.

Ph

oto

: F

B

(10)

4

garner

–

verb

• Once a year, the company president sends around a questionnaire to

garner ideas from the employees about how to improve workplace conditions.

• Although Avatar did not win any major Academy Awards in 2010, it

garnered praise from environmentalists everywhere for its themes of a world in balance and the connections among all living things.

Garner

means

A.

to gather.

B.

to distribute.

C.

to reject.

Questionnaires are used to gather

information from those surveyed.

Avatar‘s failure to win awards from the film industry is contrasted with its ability

to gather praise from environmentalists.

FBI agents garner evidence

Ph

oto

: F

B

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TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

5

heretic

–

noun

• Martin Luther was originally a Catholic priest, but when he began to

disagree with the Church’s teachings, he was labeled a heretic and left the priesthood.

• People who believed that the world was round, not flat, were once

considered lunatics or heretics.

Heretic

means

A.

a conservative.

B.

a rebel.

C.

a genius.

Martin Luther’s books being burned because he was considered a heretic

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5

heretic

–

noun

• Martin Luther was originally a Catholic priest, but when he began to

disagree with the Church’s teachings, he was labeled a heretic and left the priesthood.

• People who believed that the world was round, not flat, were once

considered lunatics or heretics.

Heretic

means

A.

a conservative.

B.

a rebel.

C.

a genius.

Jan Hus being burned

because he was considered a heretic

Someone might be called a rebel if he or she disagreed with widely held beliefs and practices—either religious (in the first

item) or scientific (in the second).

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6

incite

–

verb

• The smell of blood in the water can incite sharks to attack.

• No one knows what incited the usually gentle dog to bite the mail carrier.

Incite

means

A.

to prevent.

B.

to urge on.

C.

to forbid.

Ph

oto

: L

ibr

ary

of

Co

ng

res

s

In 1754, this cartoon helped incite

(14)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

6

incite

–

verb

• The smell of blood in the water can incite sharks to attack.

• No one knows what incited the usually gentle dog to bite the mail carrier.

Incite

means

A.

to prevent.

B.

to urge on.

C.

to forbid.

In 1754, this cartoon helped incite

American colonists to unite and revolt.

Since blood signals a possible food source, its smell is likely to urge on hungry sharks to kill their prey. Since the dog was gentle, something unusual must have occurred to urge on the dog to respond by biting.

(15)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

7

languish

–

verb

• Children who languish in institutions, such as orphanages, often

improve dramatically when they are adopted into loving homes.

• Some people languish in the summer heat, but others love the hot

weather and feel full of energy and strength.

Languish

means

A.

to thrive.

B.

to misunderstand.

(16)

7

languish

–

verb

• Children who languish in institutions, such as orphanages, often

improve dramatically when they are adopted into loving homes.

• Some people languish in the summer heat, but others love the hot

weather and feel full of energy and strength.

Languish

means

A.

to thrive.

B.

to misunderstand.

C.

to do poorly.

Children who improve dramatically after their adoption into loving

homes are contrasted with those who do poorly in impersonal

institutions. People who are full of energy and strength during hot

(17)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

8

peruse

–

verb

• When the list of people killed in the plane crash was posted, the

passengers’ anxious relatives perused it fearfully.

• To peruse a train timetable, with its tiny type and tinier footnotes, you

need good eyesight and plenty of patience.

Peruse

means

A.

to inspect.

B.

to glance at.

C.

to explain.

Ph

oto

: B

oo

ksw

(18)

8

peruse

–

verb

• When the list of people killed in the plane crash was posted, the

passengers’ anxious relatives perused it fearfully.

• To peruse a train timetable, with its tiny type and tinier footnotes, you

need good eyesight and plenty of patience.

Peruse

means

A.

to inspect.

B.

to glance at.

C.

to explain.

Relatives, fearing the worst, would be anxious to inspect the list to see if their loved ones had been killed. People

need good eyesight to inspect material

printed in tiny type.

Ph

oto

: B

oo

ksw

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9

recluse

–

noun

• Local old-timers tell stories about Wild Man Bill, a recluse who lived in

a cave and came into town only once a year to buy supplies.

• While she was suffering from depression, Linda became a recluse,

rarely leaving her home and not wanting to see even her closest friends.

Recluse

means

A.

a hermit.

B.

a popular person.

(20)

9

recluse

–

noun

• Local old-timers tell stories about Wild Man Bill, a recluse who lived in

a cave and came into town only once a year to buy supplies.

• While she was suffering from depression, Linda became a recluse,

rarely leaving her home and not wanting to see even her closest friends.

Recluse

means

A.

a hermit.

B.

a popular person.

C.

a busy person.

If Wild Man Bill saw other people only once a year, he must have

been a hermit. During the time that Linda avoided leaving her home

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10

renounce

–

verb

• Great-Uncle Abe was a member of the Communist Party when he was a

young man, but he soon decided to renounce communism and become a Republican.

• Edward VIII was briefly king of England, but he renounced his throne

in 1936 in order to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorced commoner.

Renounce

means

A.

to announce.

B.

to remember.

(22)

10

renounce

–

verb

• Great-Uncle Abe was a member of the Communist Party when he was a

young man, but he soon decided to renounce communism and become a Republican.

• Edward VIII was briefly king of England, but he renounced his throne

in 1936 in order to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorced commoner.

Renounce

means

A.

to announce.

B.

to remember.

C.

to give up.

Great-Uncle Abe decided to give up his membership in one political

party when he joined another party. Edward VIII reigned only briefly

because he decided to give up the title of king in order to marry the

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

2.

My grandmother is horrified that my brother wears jeans to church. She thinks doing so is close to _________, but he says, “I’m not being disrespectful; I just like to be comfortable!”

1.

The poet Elizabeth Barrett _________(e)d on her couch for years, a semi-invalid, until she fell in love with Robert Browning and found the strength to elope with him.

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

A. blasphemy B. enmity C. erroneous D. garner E. heretic

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

2.

My grandmother is horrified that my brother wears jeans to church. She thinks doing so is close to _________, but he says, “I’m not being disrespectful; I just like to be comfortable!”

1.

The poet Elizabeth Barrett ____________ on her couch for

years, a semi-invalid, until she fell in love with Robert Browning and found the strength to elope with him.

F. incite G. languish H. peruse I. recluse J. renounce

The word semi-invalid suggests that she was weak and failing in health.

If the grandmother thinks wearing jeans shows disrespect for the church,

then she might be horrified by his apparent irreverence.

languished

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

4.

My girlfriend and I decided to go our separate ways without

_________. We both agreed that we didn’t want to spend our lives together, but we intended to remain friends.

5.

Obviously, Jamie has a(n) _________ idea of where babies come from. She announced that her father and mother had bought her in a toy store.

3.

“I am dropping out of the race,” the candidate stated after losing badly in the primary election. “I have _________(e)d all hope of becoming President.”

(26)

SENTENCE CHECK 1

4.

My girlfriend and I decided to go our separate ways without

_________. We both agreed that we didn’t want to spend our lives together, but we intended to remain friends.

5.

Obviously, Jamie has an __________ idea of where babies come from. She announced that her father and mother had bought her in a toy store.

3.

“I am dropping out of the race,” the candidate stated after losing badly in the primary election. “I have ___________ all hope of becoming President.”

By dropping out of the race, he cast off any hope of becoming elected.

If they wanted to remain friends, they must have parted without hatred.

The belief that babies come from toy stores is a mistaken idea.

renounced

enmity

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

7.

Some people have no respect for anyone else’s religious beliefs. According to them, if you don’t believe as they do, you are a(n) _________.

6.

Since I _________ so many compliments every time I wear this

sweater, I must conclude that it is a very good color and style for me. Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

(28)

SENTENCE CHECK 1

7.

Some people have no respect for anyone else’s religious beliefs. According to them, if you don’t believe as they do, you are a _________.

6.

Since I _________ so many compliments every time I wear this

sweater, I must conclude that it is a very good color and style for me. Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

The speaker draws a conclusion after collecting many compliments.

Narrow-minded people might regard someone with differing religious

ideas as a person who holds unpopular or unaccepted beliefs.

garner

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

9.

Mrs. Sheridan rarely leaves her house. She is simply a harmless old ______, but the neighborhood kids think she must be a witch or a criminal.

10.

Irina ______(e)d the contract slowly, reading every bit of the fine print and asking what the legal jargon° meant. She didn’t want to sign anything that she might regret later.

8.

The appearance of a hawk in the sky ______(e)d the other birds to attack, fearing that it intended to kill and eat their progeny°.

(30)

SENTENCE CHECK 1

9.

Mrs. Sheridan rarely leaves her house. She is simply a harmless old ______, but the neighborhood kids think she must be a witch or a criminal.

10.

Irina _________ the contract slowly, reading every bit of the fine print and asking what the legal jargon° meant. She didn’t want to sign anything that she might regret later.

8.

The appearance of a hawk in the sky _________ the other birds to attack, fearing that it intended to kill and eat their progeny°.

The birds were stirred up to protect their offspring by attacking the hawk.

If she rarely leaves the house, she is a person who leads a solitary life.

If she slowly read all the fine print, she examined the contract carefully.

incited

recluse