INTRODUCTION TO
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)
LECTURE 1 : WEEK 1
CSC-111-T
TEXT AND REF. BOOKS
2
Text Book:
Peter Norton (2011), Introduction to Computers, 7 /e, McGraw-Hill
Reference Book:
Gary B (2012), Discovering Computers, 1/e, South Western
Deborah (2013), Understanding Computers, 14/e, Cengage Learning
MOBILE ALERT
Kindly
Switch Off
your Mobile/Cell Phone
OR
Switch it to
Silent Mode
Please
COURSE ASSESSMENT
4
Home/Assignment --- 20%
Quizzes --- 10%
Mid Term
--- 20%
Lab --- 50%
Final --- 50%
GOOGLE SITE ADDRESS
FOR LECTURE NOTES AND STUDY MATERIAL
DOWNLOAD,
PLEASE VISIT :
https://sites.google.com/site/shucsc110/csc-110-theory
FOR TYPING PRACTICE :
http://www.sense-lang.org/typing/tutor/keyboarding.php
GRADING
Letter Grade
Percentage
Grade Point
A (Outstanding)
87 - 100
4.0
B+ (Very Good)
80 - 86
3.5
B (Above Average)
72 - 79
3.0
C+ (Satisfactory)
66 - 71
2.5
C (Barely Acceptable) 60 - 65
2.0
D (Poor)
50 - 59
1.5
Presented by: Ms. Naureen Farhan
COMPUTERS,
INTERNET & WORLD
WIDE WEB
LEARNING OUTCOME
Computer Defined
Types Of Computer
Internet
The Internet’s Major Services
The World Wide Web
Understanding the World Wide Web
Understanding the HTTP
Understanding the URL
Using your browser and the World Wide Web
Searching the Web
What Is A Computer…
An Electronic device
Converts data into information
Modern computers are digital
Two digits combine to make data
Older computers were analog
A range of values made data
13
Advantages
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Disadvantages
Violation of
Privacy
Impact on Labor
Force
Types Based On Principal Of
Operation
There are three different types of computers according to the principles of operation. Those three types of computers are
Analog Computers
Analog Computer is a computing device that works on continuous range of values.
Digital Computers
Digital computer operates on binary number system in which there are only two digits 0 and 1. Each one is called a bit.
Hybrid Computers
A hybrid computer combines the desirable features of analog and digital computers.
Types Based On Configuration
There are four different types of computers when
we classify them based on their performance and
capacity
Super Computers
Mainframe Computers
Mini Computers
Micro Computers
Types Based On Configuration
Super Computers
The best in terms of processing capacity and also the most expensive ones. These computers can process billions of instructions per second. Used for applications which require intensive numerical computations such as stock analysis, weather forecasting etc.
Ex: China's Tianhe-2, Blue Gene
Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers can also process data at very high speeds i.e., hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite expensive. Normally, they are used in banking, airlines and railways etc
Ex: IBM System z9
Types Based On Configuration
Mini Computers
Mini computers are lower to mainframe computers in terms of speed and storage capacity. They are also less expensive than mainframe computers. Some of the features of mainframes will not be available in mini computers.
Micro Computers
The invention of microprocessor (single chip CPU) gave birth to the much cheaper micro computers i.e.
Desktop
Workstations
Laptop/Notebook
Hand Held (PDA’s) etc
What Is Internet
A global computer network providing a
variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
The vast collection of computer
networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.
Why use the Internet?
Apply for jobs or schools
Fill out government forms
Check bank accounts
Communicate with family, friends
and co-workers
Do research
Learn new skills
Read news
Watch videos
How to connect to the
Internet
Three main ways to connect to the
Internet
Dial-Up (Old/outdated)
High Speed/DSL
Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi)
Dial-Up Internet Connection
Dial-Up
All you need is a computer, phone-line and Internet Service
Provider! (ISP)
Not as fast as other Internet connections,
but often more affordable
ISP
Internet
Your computer
Landline
High Speed (Cable/DSL) Connection
Travels through fiber-optic cables
underground
Needs to be connected by a Modem
to your computer
Modem: A hub that connects
the computer to the Internet
Faster than Dial-up
Wireless Internet Connection
(Wi-Fi)
Your computer must be a
“Wireless enabled” device
Your computer can pick up
signals from different
wireless networks
Some networks require
passwords or a
subscription, others are
free
World Wide Web (WWW)
Tim Berners-Lee and others at the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics,
more popularly known as CERN, proposed
a new protocol for information distribution
in 1991 based on hypertext
Hypertext is a system of embedding links in
Today and the Future
25
100,000 new web sites per month
More than 75% of U.S. households online
Access is available world wide
Concepts of E-economy, E-world
Internet Growth
The Internet’s Major Services
The World Wide Web (WWW)
Developed in 1993 by
Tim-Berners Lee
Allowed connection of documents
Required a browser to read
documents
Electronic mail (e-mail)
Instantaneous transmission of
documents
The Internet’s Major Services
News
Often called newsgroups
Electronic discussions on several topics
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Sends and receives files
The Internet’s Major Services
Chat
Public real time conversation
Instant messaging
Private real time conversation
Peer-to-peer services
Allows sharing of files among users
Illegal to share copyrighted material
World Wide Web (WWW)
T h e
Wo r l d W i d e We b
i s s y s t e m o f
I n t e rn e t s e r v e r s t h a t s u p p o r t s p e c i a l l y
f o rm a t t e d d o c u m e n t s .
The documents are formatted in a markup
language called
HTML (HyperText Markup
Language)
that supports links to other
documents, as well as graphics, audio, and
video files.
World Wide Web : Major Parts
The World Web is based on these
technologies:
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Web servers and Web browsers
WWW
HyperText Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)
HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web
HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted,
and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in
response to various commands
HTTP is called a
stateless
protocol because each command is
executed independently
The three main HTTP message types are GET, POST, and HEAD
Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)
URL is the global address of documents and
other resources on
the World
Wide
Web
The first part of the URL is called a
protocol
identifier
,
and the second part is called
R
esource name
and it specifies the
IP
address or
the
domain
name
where
the
resource is located.
URL Explained
http://
www
.
.com
/
index.html
Protocol
Sub domain
Domain Name
Resource Name
Top level domain
File Path/Name
Understanding The Internet
A
web browser
is a software application for
retrieving and
presenting information resources
on
the World Wide Web
OR
Browser is a software application used to locate,
retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web,
including Web pages, images, video and other files.
Read and translate the HTML
Display web content
Famous Browsers
Search Techniques
Quote the exact phrase
Use the keyword AND
Use the keyword NEAR
Avoid common words
Use the site’s advanced tools
Search Engine Market Share
Any Questions !!!
END OF LECTURE
