Jazz History 9

9.

9.

The Great Jazz Singers/

The Great Jazz Singers/

Review F



 ForFor decades the questidecades the questionon has beehas beenn asked:asked:

What is a jazz si

What is a jazz singngeer?r? SSomome listee listenneerrs clais claimm

that a v

that a voocalist has tcalist has too scat like a hscat like a hornorn (what d(what doo

they c

they cononsidesiderr Billie HBillie Hoolidayliday?)?) whilewhile oothetherrs says say that si

that simpmply swily swingngiingng is eis enonouuggh (dh (doo theythey iinncludeclude TTonony Bey Bennnnettett aanndd Jack JJack Jononeses?)?)



 AA jazz sijazz singngeerr is a vis a voocalist whcalist whoo bbrriingngs hiss his oror heherr

own interpretation

own interpretation ttoo a sa songong aannd id impromprovisesvises th

throrouuggh wh worords, sds, soouunnds,ds, nonotes ates annd/d/oror p

phhrrasiasingng. The diffe. The differreennce betweece betweenn a jazz aa jazz annd ad a

pop

pop sisingngeerr is that a jazz vis that a jazz voocalist iscalist is spontaneous in concert

spontaneous in concert. The. The gogoal isal is nonot tt too

du

dupplicate alicate a rrececorord, butd, but rratheatherr ttoo exexprpress hess hooww

on

one feels at thee feels at the mommomeennt. Rest. Resppect caect cann bebe sh

shoowwnn f f oror thethe ororiiggiinnal lyal lyrrics aics anndd mmeleloody, but if dy, but if 

on

one ise is ononly duly dupplicatilicatingng the wthe wrritteittenn mmusic, theusic, the cha

channces aces arre that the sie that the singngeerr falls ifalls innttoo thethe cabaret area.

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 1. Bessie S1. Bessie Smmith(ith(AAprpril 15il 15, 189, 1894 4  SeSepptetemmbeberr 26, 193726, 1937)) 

 2. L2. Loouisuis AArmrmststrongrong((AAuuggust 4, 190ust 4, 1901 1  July 6July 6, 1971, 1971 

 3. Billie H3. Billie Hoolliday(lliday(AAprpril 7, 19il 7, 1915 15  July July 17, 1917, 195959)) 

 4. Ella4. Ella FFitzitzggeerrald(ald(AAprpril 25, il 25, 1911917 7  JuJunne 15, 1996e 15, 1996)) 

 5. Sa5. Sarrah Vauah Vaugghhnn(Ma(Marrch 27, 1924 ch 27, 1924 AAprpril 3, 1990il 3, 1990)) 

 6. Nat Ki6. Nat Kingng CCoole(Male(Marrch 17, 1919 ch 17, 1919  FFebebrruauarry 15, 1965y 15, 1965)) 

 7. J7. Jooe Williae Williamms(Deces(Decemmbeberr 12, 12, 1911918 8  MaMarrch 29, 1999ch 29, 1999)) 

 8. Di8. Dinnah Washiah Washingngttonon((AAugugust 29ust 29, 192, 1924 4  DecDeceemmbeberr 14, 196314, 1963)) 

 9. Na9. Nanncy Wilscy Wilsonon(b(bornorn FFebebrruauarry 20, 1937y 20, 1937)) 

 10. Betty Ca10. Betty Carrteterr((MaMay 16, 1y 16, 1929929 SeSepptetemmbeberr 26, 199826, 1998)) 

 11. Shi11. Shirrley Hley Hornorn(((Ma(May 1, y 1, 19341934 OctOctoobeberr 20, 200520, 2005)) 

 12. B12. Boobby Mcbby McFFeerrrriinn(b(bornorn MaMarrch 11, 1950ch 11, 1950)) 

 13. Cassa13. Cassannddrra Wilsa Wilsonon(b(bornorn DeceDecemmbeberr 4, 19554, 1955)) 

 14. Dia14. Diannnne Reeves(be Reeves(bornorn OctOctoobeberr 23, 195623, 1956)) 

 15. Ca15. Carmrmeenn LuLunndy(bdy(bornorn NNoovevemmbeberr 1, 19541, 1954)) 

 16. Shelia J16. Shelia Jorordadann (N(Noovevemmbeberr 18, 1928,18, 1928,)) 

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 1. H1. Hoow dw doo yyoou ku knonow thew therre's ae's a ggiirrl sil singngeerr as aas a ppatieatienntt onon the ithe inntetennsivesive

ca

carre ue unnitit??

She's the

She's the ononlyly onone that asks f e that asks f oror mormore eche echoo onon thethe monmonititoror..



 2.2. AA chick sichick singngeerr is always calliis always callingng tutunnes ies inn ststrraangnge keys. Oe keys. Onne day due day durriingng

a

a rreheaehearrsal thesal the ppiaianono pplayelayerr iinn the bathe bannd has had ed has had enonouuggh:h: Pia

Piannist: Why the heck dist: Why the heck doo yyoou wau wannt tt too sisingng the tuthe tunne ie inn DD?? WhyWhy nonot taket take it u

it upp a sea semmititonone ae annd dd doo it iit inn EbEb??

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Singngeerr: Eb: Eb?? IsIsnn't that faste't that faster?r?



 3. H3. Hoow dw dooes a sies a singngeerr chachangnge a lie a ligght bulbht bulb??

She sta

She stanndsds onon a chaia chairr, takes h, takes hooldld oof the bulb, af the bulb, annd waits f d waits f oror the whthe whoolele w

wororld tld to rro evevoolve alve arorouunnd hed herr..



 4. H4. Hoow caw cann yyoou tell wheu tell whenn it's a chick siit's a chick singngeerr kknonockickingng at yat yoouurr ddoor?oor?

Because she ca

Bessie S



 BBessie Smithessie Smith ((AAprpril il 1515, 1, 189894 4  SeSepptetemmbeberr 26,26,

1937

1937)) was awas ann AAmmeerricaicann bluesblues sisingngeerr..



 SSomometietimmeses rrefefeerrrred ted too asas The Empress of theThe Empress of the

Bl

Bl_{uesues, S, Smmith was theith was the momostst poppopulaularr ffeemmaleale}

blues si

blues singngeerr oof the 1920s af the 1920s annd 19d 193030s.s. ShShe ie iss

o

ofteftenn rreeggaarrded asded as ononee oof thef the grgreatest sieatest singngeerrss

o

of hef herr eerra aa annd, ald, alongong with Lwith Loouisuis AA_rmrmstst_rongrong, a, a m



 Bessie SBessie Smmith-St. Lith-St. Loouis Wuis Womomaann 

 Bessie SBessie Smmith-I'ith-I'mm WildWild AAbboout That Thiut That Thingng 

 By 1926 public enthusiasm for the blues isBy 1926 public enthusiasm for the blues is

declining and Bessie's venues become less declining and Bessie's venues become less  prestigiou

 prestigious, she s, she begins using more begins using more suggestivesuggestive lyrics in 1927 in an attempt to stem falling

lyrics in 1927 in an attempt to stem falling interes

interest in her t in her music and music and records 'Empty Bed records 'Empty Bed  Blues' in 1928 which becomes a big hit.



 Bessie SBessie Smmithiths ds death ieath inn 1937 we1937 werre ae a mmajajoror

ccononttroroveverrsy; she was isy; she was inn a caa carr accideaccidennt at annd hadd had lloost a lst a loott oof blf blooood. Sd. Somome said she died becausee said she died because the white h

the white hoossppital wital wooulduld nonot adt admmit heit herr, but, but ssomome say that theye say that they nneveeverr wwoould huld have takave takeenn

he

herr ttoo a white ha white hoossppital iital inn the fithe firrstst pplace.lace. AAh,h,

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

 T T he question always arises: how could he question always arises: how could 

someone

someone with an unwith an untrained trained voicvoice --e -- a voica voicee

with limited range and a gravelly quality have with limited range and a gravelly quality have such a profound effect on the course of 

such a profound effect on the course of   American jazz and popular song? 

 American jazz and popular song? T T he answer he answer  is found in Satchmo's disparate vocal 

is found in Satchmo's disparate vocal  influences.



 AAs a bs a booyy,, AArmrmststrongrong wwororked f ked f oror thethe

Ka

Karnornofskys, a fafskys, a fammilyily oof Jewish if Jewish immmmiigrgraannts;ts; thei

theirr mmusic iusic impmpacted his siacted his singngiingng



 The CThe Crreeoole ale annd Black bad Black banndsds oof New Of New Orrlealeannss

iimpmpacted hiacted himm

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 He lHe looved Bessie Sved Bessie Smmith, aith, annd alsd alsoo EEnrnricicoo CaCarrususoo

a

annd Id Irrish teish tenornor JJoohhnn McCMcCormormickick





 Heebie JeebiesHeebie Jeebies 

 La Vie ELa Vie Enn RRoosese 

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 BiBingng CCrorosbysby, a, a grgreat adeat admmiirreerr oof f AArmrmststrongrong's,'s,

b

brorouugght Lht Loouis' iuis' innonnovativationons is innttoo the wthe wororldld oof f 

pop

pop mmusic, fiusic, firrst asst as ppaarrtt oof thef the RhythRhythmm BBooysys with the

with the Paul WhitePaul Whitemmaann OOrrchestchestrraa aannd thed thenn

as the

as the prpreemmieierr "c"croonrooneerr"" oof the 1930s.f the 1930s. C

Crorosby's basby's barrititonone ve vooice saved the wice saved the wororld f ld f romrom

the

the mmaanny "by "booy tey tenornors" whs" whoo wewerre the thrreateeatenniingng



 CCrorosby... was isby... was impormportatannt it inn iinnttroroduciducingng iinnttoo thethe

m

maiainnststrreaeamm oof f poppopulaularr sisingngiingng aann AAf f _roro--AA_mmee_rricaica_nn

ccononcecepptt oof sf songong as a lyas a lyrrical exteical extennsisionon oof sf sppeech...eech... His tech

His technniqiqueues s -- eaeasisingng the weithe weigghtht oof the bf the brreatheath

on

on the vthe voocal ccal corords,ds, ppassiassingng iinnttoo aa head vhead vooiceice at aat a llooww rreeggisteisterr, usi, usingng f f ororwawarrdd proproductiductionon ttoo aidaid

disti

distinnctct eennuunnciaticiationon, si, singngiingng onon ccononssononaannts (ats (a

pr

practiceactice oof black sif black singngeerrss)), a, anndd mmakiakingng discdiscrreeteet use

use oof f aappoggppoggiatuiaturrasas,, mormordedenntsts, a, anndd sluslurrss ttoo

e

empmphasizhasize the the te texext -t - wewerre ee emmulated byulated by nneaearrly allly all late



 Just OJust Onne Me Morore Chae Channcece 

 NNoow Yw Yoou Have Jazzu Have Jazz 

Billie H

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 BBiillllie Hoie Hollidayiday (b(bornorn EElleanora Faganeanora Fagan[1][1] AAprpril 7,il 7,

19

1915 15  JuJuly 1ly 17, 17, 1959599)) was awas ann AAmmeerricaicann jazz jazz

si

singngeerr aannd sd songongwwrriteiterr. Nick. Nicknnaammed "Lady Day"ed "Lady Day" by he

by herr f f rrieiennd ad anndd mmusicalusical ppaarrttnneerr LesteLesterr

Y

Yoouungng, H, Hooliday had a seliday had a semmiinnal ial innfluefluenncece onon jazzjazz a

anndd poppop sisingngiingng. He. Herr vvoocal style, stcal style, strongronglyly

iinnssppiirred by jazz ied by jazz innststrruummeenntalists,talists, ppiiononeeeerred aed a

n



 CCrritic Jitic Joohhnn Bush wBush wrorote that Hte that Hooliday "chaliday "changngeded

the a

the arrtt oof f AA_mmee_rricaica_{nn poppop} vv_oocals f cals f _ororeveeve_rr."She."She

ccoo-w-wrorotete ononly a few sly a few songongs, but seves, but severralal oof f  the

themm have bechave becomomee jazz sta jazz stanndadarrdsds,, nonotablytably ""GG_ood Bless the Childd Bless the Child", "", "DD_onon't Ex't Ex_pplailai_nn", "", "_FFii_nnee

a

annd Melld Mellooww", a", annd "Lady Sid "Lady Singngs the Bluess the Blues". She". She als

alsoo becabecamme fe faamomous f us f oror sisingngiingng ""Easy LiviEasy Livingng",", ""GGooood Md Mornorniingng HeaHearrtachetache", a", annd "d "StStrraangngee

Fr

Fruituit", a", a proprotest stest songong which becawhich becammee ononee oof f  he

herr stastanndadarrds ads annd wasd was mmade faade famomous with heus with herr

1939



 GGood Bless The Childd Bless The Child 

 GGooood Md Mornorniingng HeaHearrtachetache 

 StStrraangngee FrFruituit 

 " " Strange Fruit Strange Fruit " " is a song performed most famously by is a song performed most famously by 

Billie Holiday 

Billie Holiday  , who released her first recording of it in , who released her first recording of it in 1939, the year she first sang it. Written by the teacher  1939, the year she first sang it. Written by the teacher   Abel Meeropol 

 Abel Meeropol as a poem, it exposed Americanas a poem, it exposed American racismracism , ,  particular

 particularly ly thethe lynchinglynching of of  African Americans African Americans. Such. Such lynchings had occurred chiefly in the

lynchings had occurred chiefly in the SouthSouth but also inbut also in all other regions of the United States.

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Sooutheuthernrn ttrrees beaees bearr ststrraangnge f e f rruituit Bl

Bloooodd onon the leaves athe leaves annd bld blooood at thed at the rooroott Black b

Black boodies swidies swingngiingng iinn the sthe sooutheuthernrn bbrreezeeeze St

Strraangnge f e f rruit hauit hangngiingng f f romrom thethe poppopulaularr ttrreesees Past

Pastororal sceal scennee oof thef the ggallaallannt st soouthuth The bul

The bulggiingng eyes aeyes annd the twistedd the twisted momouthuth Sce

Scenntt oof f mmaagnognolias, sweet alias, sweet annd f d f rreshesh The

Thenn the suddethe suddenn ssmmellell oof buf burnrniingng fleshflesh He

Herre is f e is f rruit f uit f oror the cthe crorows tws too ppluckluck

For

For thethe rraiainn ttoo ggatheatherr, f , f oror the withe winnd td too sucksuck

For

For the suthe sunn ttoo rorot, f t, f oror the tthe trrees tees too ddroprop

He



 LLynchingynching, the, the prpracticeactice oof killif killingng ppeeopople byle by

ext

extrrajudicialajudicial momob actib actionon,, ooccuccurrrreded in thein the United States

United States chiefly f chiefly f romrom the late 18ththe late 18th ce

cenntuturry thy throrouuggh the 1960s. Lyh the 1960s. Lynnchichingngs ts tooookk

p

placelace momost f st f rrequeequenntly itly inn the Sthe Soouth f uth f romrom 18901890 ttoo the 1920s, with athe 1920s, with a ppeak ieak inn the athe annnnual tual tooll ill inn

1892. 1892.

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



 EElllla Jane Fitzgeraa Jane Fitzgeralldd ((AAprpril il 2525, 1, 191917 7  JuJunne 15,e 15,

1996

1996)), als, alsoo kknonowwnn as the "as the "FFiirrst Ladyst Lady oof Sf Songong"" a

annd "Lady Ella," was ad "Lady Ella," was ann AA_mmee_rricaica_nn jazz jazz aa_nndd

ssongong vvoocalistcalist..[1][1] _{With aWith a vvoocalcal rraangngee ssppaannnniingng}

th

thrreeee ooctavesctaves (Db3 t(Db3 too Db6Db6)), she was, she was nonoted f ted f oror

he

herr ppuurrityity oof tf tonone, ie, impmpeccableeccable dictidictionon,,

p

phhrrasiasingng aanndd iinnttononatiationon, a, annd a "hd a "hornorn-like"-like"

iimpromprovisativisationonal ability,al ability, ppaarrticulaticularrly ily inn heherr scatscat si



 St. LSt. Loouis Blues-with Chick uis Blues-with Chick WWebb Oebb Orrchestchestrraa 

 AA TisketTisket AA Tasket-with Chick WebbTasket-with Chick Webb 

 OOnne Ne Noote Sate Sammba with Tba with Tommommyy FFlalannaaggaann ppiaianono

1969 1969 

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 DuDurriingng the Swithe Swingng EErra, evea, everry bay bannd had a sid had a singngeerr,,

ffeemmale aale anndd mmale. Sale. Somometietimmes, the sies, the singngeerr waswas the ba

the banndleadedleaderr(B(Bilillyly EEckckststiinne, Cab Calle, Cab Calloowawayy)).. But this was a

But this was ann eerra whea whenn iinnststrruummeenntals wetals werree

mor

moree poppopulaularr thathann vvoocals. That chacals. That changngeded

p

paarrtially due ttially due too thethe rrececorordidingng babann oof 1942.f 1942. Obvi

Obvioousluslyy, , ititss rraarre that ae that ann iinnststrruummeenntal stal songong rreaches aeaches annyy poppop chacharrt. Maybe thet. Maybe therre she shoould beuld be a

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1942-44

1942-44



 OOne unexpected result of the strike was thene unexpected result of the strike was the

decline of the importance in popular music of the decline of the importance in popular music of the big bands

big bands of the 1930s and early 1940s.of the 1930s and early 1940s. T T he strikehe strike was not the only cause of this decline, but it 

was not the only cause of this decline, but it  emphasized the shift from big bands with emphasized the shift from big bands with anan accompanying vocalist to an emphasis on the accompanying vocalist to an emphasis on the vocalist, with the exclusion of the band. In the vocalist, with the exclusion of the band. In the

1930s and prestrike 1940s, big bands dominated  1930s and prestrike 1940s, big bands dominated   popular music; after the strike, vocalists

 popular music; after the strike, vocalists dominated popular music.

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 It shouIt should be pointld be pointed outed out that befthat before the sore the striktrikee

began there were signs that the increasing began there were signs that the increasing

 popularity of singers was beginning to reshape  popularity of singers was beginning to reshape

the big bands. When

the big bands. When Frank SinatraFrank Sinatra joined  joined 

T 

T ommy Dorsey ommy Dorsey 's band in 1940, most selections's band in 1940, most selections started with a

started with a T T ommy Dorsey solo. By the timeommy Dorsey solo. By the time Sinatra left in 1942, his songs with the band  Sinatra left in 1942, his songs with the band  began with his singing, followed by any solos began with his singing, followed by any solos by Dorsey or others.

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

 SarahSarah LLois Vaughanois Vaughan (Ma(Marrch 27, 1924 ch 27, 1924  AAprpril 3,il 3,

1990

1990)) was awas ann AAmmeerricaicann jazz jazz sisingngeerr, desc, descrribed byibed by

Sc

Scoott Yatt Yanonoww as havias havingng ""ononee oof thef the momost wst wononddrorousus vvooicesices oof the 20th cef the 20th cenntuturryy."."



 1943 w1943 wonon a talea talennt sht shoow at thew at the AApopolllloo TheateTheaterr withwith

a ve

a verrsisionon oof Bf Boodydy AA_nnd Sd S_ooulul

Sa

Sangng with Eawith Earrl Hil Hinnes aes annd Billy Eckstid Billy Eckstinnee



 RRoose tse too StaStarrddomom iinn 19481948 

 1954-1954-rrececororded with Cliff ded with Cliff orord Bd Brorowwnn 

 Hit sHit songongs is inncluded Misty acluded Misty annd Sed Sennd Id Inn TheThe

Cl

Cloowwnnss





 SaSarrah Vauah Vaugghhnn with Cliff with Cliff orord Bd Brorowwnn-Lullabye Of -Lullabye Of 

Bi Birrdladlanndd   MistyMisty   II GGoot Rhytht Rhythmm 

Nat Ki



 NNathanieathaniell Adams CoAdams Colleses (Ma(Marrch 17, 1919 ch 17, 1919 

F

Febebrruauarry 15, 1965y 15, 1965)), k, knonowwnn proprofessifessiononally asally as

N

Nat King Coat King Coll_{ee, was a, was ann} AA_mmee_rricaica_{nn mm}usiciausicia_nn whwh_oo

fi

firrst cast camme te too prompromiinneennce as a leadice as a leadingng jazz jazz

p

piaiannistist. He. He ooweswes momostst oof hisf his poppopulaularr mmusicalusical fa

famme te too his shis sooftft babarrititononee vvooice, which he usedice, which he used ttoo ppeerrf f ormorm iinn bibigg babanndd aannd jazzd jazz ggeenrnres. Hees. He

was

was ononee oof the fif the firrst blackst black AAmmeerricaicanns ts too hhoost ast a

televisi

televisionon vavarriety shiety shooww, a, annd hasd has mmaiainntaitainneded w



 NatuNaturre Be Booyy 



 Joe WiJoe Willlliamsiams (b(bornorn Joseph GoreedJoseph Goreed; Dece; Decemmbeberr

12

12, 1, 191918 8  MaMarrch 29, 1999ch 29, 1999)) was a well-kwas a well-knonowwnn

 jazz

 jazz vvoocalist, acalist, a babarrititononee sisingngiingng aa mmixtuixturree oof f  blues

blues, ballads,, ballads, poppopulaularr ssongongs, as, annd jazzd jazz st

staanndadarrds.ds.



 StaStarrted with Jited with Jimmmmy Ny Noonoonee iinn 19381938 

 WWororked with Liked with Liononel Hael Hampmpttonon iinn 19421942 

 WWororked steadily with the Cked steadily with the Coouunnt Basie Bat Basie Banndd

th



 EEveverryday I Have The Blues-Cyday I Have The Blues-Coouunnt Basiet Basie 

Di



 DDinah Washington, binah Washington, bornorn RuthRuth LLee Jonesee Jones ((AAuuggust 29, 1924 ust 29, 1924 

Dece

Decemmbeberr 14, 196314, 1963)), was a, was ann AA_mmee_rricaica_nn bluesblues,, R&BR&B aa_nndd jazz jazz

si

singngeerr. She has bee. She has beenn cited as "thecited as "the momostst poppopulaularr blackblack fe

femmaleale rrececorordidingng aarrtisttist oof the '50s", af the '50s", annd called "The Queed called "The Queenn o

of the Blues".f the Blues".



 WWonon taletalennt ct conontest at atest at agge 15, stae 15, starrted ited inn ChicaChicagogo clubs iclubs inn

1941 1941



 1943-w1943-wororked with Liked with Liononel Hael Hampmpttonon 

 BetweeBetweenn 1948 a1948 annd 55 had 27 td 55 had 27 topop 10 R a10 R annd B hitsd B hits 

 What a DiffeWhat a Differreennce a Day Makes was #4ce a Day Makes was #4 onon the Pthe Popop chacharrtsts

From

From

ll

ll

m

m

usic

usic

g

g

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uide:



 "[ "[ She] was at once one of the most beloved and She] was at once one of the most beloved and 

contro

controversial sinversial singers of the gers of the mid-20th cmid-20th century -entury - beloved beloved  to her fans, devotees, and fellow singers; controversial  to her fans, devotees, and fellow singers; controversial  to critics who still accuse her of selling out her art to to critics who still accuse her of selling out her art to commerce and bad taste. Her principal sin, apparently, commerce and bad taste. Her principal sin, apparently, was to cultivate a distinctive vocal style that was at  was to cultivate a distinctive vocal style that was at  home in all kinds of music,

home in all kinds of music, be it R&B, blues, jazz,be it R&B, blues, jazz, middle of

middle of the road the road pop -pop - and she and she probably wprobably would haveould have made a fine gospel or country singer had she the time. made a fine gospel or country singer had she the time. Hers was a

Hers was a grittygritty, salty, high-pitched voice, , salty, high-pitched voice, marked by marked by  absolute clarity of diction and clipped, bluesy 

absolute clarity of diction and clipped, bluesy   phrasing...



 WhatWhat AA DiffeDifferreenncece AA Day MakesDay Makes 

Na



 NNancy Wiancy Willsonson (b(bornorn FFebebrruauarry 20, 1937y 20, 1937)) is ais ann

A

Ammeerricaicann sisingngeerr withwith mormore thae thann 70 albu70 albumms,s,

a

annd thd thrreeee GG_rraa_mmmmyy AAwawa_rrdsds. She has bee. She has bee_nn

labeled a si

labeled a singngeerr oof f bluesblues,, jazz jazz,, cabacabarretet aanndd

pop

pop; a "c; a "cononsusummmmate actate actrress"; aess"; annd "thed "the

ccompomplete elete ennteterrtaitainneerr." The title she." The title she prprefefeerrs,s, h

hooweveweverr, is s, is songong ststyliylistst.. She hShe hasas rreceivedeceived mmaannyy

n

nickicknnaammes ies inncludicludingng "Sweet Na"Sweet Nanncy", "Thecy", "The Baby", "

Baby", "FFaanncy Miss Nacy Miss Nanncy" acy" annd "Thed "The GGiirrl Withl With

the H



 NaNanncys debut sicys debut singngle, "le, "GGuess Whuess Whoo I Saw TI Saw Tooday", was sday", was soo

successful that betwee

successful that betweenn AA_prpril 1960 ail 1960 a_nnd July 1962d July 1962

Ca

Cappititool Recl Recorordsds rreleased five Naeleased five Nanncy Wilscy Wilsonon albualbumms.s. He

Herr fifirrst albust albumm,, LLike inike in LLove,ove, disdispplayed helayed herr taletalennt it inn

Rhyth

Rhythmm aannd Bluesd Blues, with the hit R&B s, with the hit R&B songong "Save y"Save yoouurr

LLoove f ve f oror Me."Me." AAddedde_rrley suley su_ggggested that she shested that she sh_oould steeuld stee_rr

away f 

away f romrom heherr ororiiggiinnalal poppop style astyle anndd ggeaearr heherr mmusicusic ttoowawarrd jazz ad jazz annd bald balladlads.s. IInn 1962, they c1962, they coollabllabororated aated anndd

pro

produced aduced ann albualbumm NaNanncy Wilscy Wilsonon/Ca/Cannonnnonball whichball which

prop



 GGuess Whuess Whoo I Saw TI Saw Toodayday 

 Save YSave Yoouurr LLooveve ForFor MeMe 

 HaHappppy Talk-f y Talk-f romrom NaNanncy Wilscy Wilsonon aanndd

Ca

Cannonnnonballball AAddedde_rrlyly



Betty Ca



 BBetty Carteretty Carter (b(bornorn LLiillllie Mae Jonesie Mae Jones, May 16,, May 16,

1929

1929[1][1] _{ SSeepptetemmbeberr 26, 199826, 1998)) was awas ann}

A

A_mmee_rricaica_nn jjaazzzz ssii_ngngee_rr kk_nonoww_nn f f _oror hehe_rr

i

impromprovisativisationonalal techtechnnique. Vique. Voocalistcalist CaCarmrmeenn

McRae

McRae ononce claice claimmed that "theed that "therre'se's rreallyeally ononlyly

on



 AAll Oll Orr NNoothithingng AAtt AAll-with Dave Hll-with Dave Hoollallanndd 

Shi



 ShirShirlley Vaey Vallerie Hornerie Horn (Ma(May 1, 1934 y 1, 1934 iinn

Washi

Washingngttonon, D.C., D.C.  OOccttoobeberr 20, 200520, 2005)) was awas ann

A

A_mmee_rricaica_nn jazz jazz sisi_ngngee_rr aa_nndd _ppiaia_nnistist..



 Did heDid herr fifirrstst rrececorordidingngs is inn 1960, we1960, wennt back tt back too

D.C. t

D.C. too rraise heaise herr fafammilyily



 WWas as RediscRediscooveverred ied inn 1981,1981, ggaiainniingng mmuchuch

no

nottororiety f iety f oror 1991-Y1991-Yoou Wu Wonontt ForgForget Meet Me



 Used the saUsed the sammee rrhythhythmm sectisectionon(Cha(Charrlesles AAbelsbels

on

on bassbass gguitauitarr aannd Steve Williad Steve Williammss onon ddrruummss))

f 



 Wild Is LWild Is Loove f ve f romrom LLooads Of Lads Of Looveve 

B



 Robert "Robert "BBobby" McFerrin, Jr.obby" McFerrin, Jr. (b(bornorn MaMarrch 11,ch 11,

1950

1950)) is a viis a virrtutuoossoo AAmmeerricaicann vvoocalist acalist anndd

ccononductductoror. He is best k. He is best knonowwnn f f oror his 1988 hithis 1988 hit ssongong ""DDonon't W't Worrorry, Be Hay, Be Happppyy". He is a te". He is a tenn --ti

timmee GGrraammmmyy AAwawarrdd wiwinnnneerr. He is well k. He is well knonowwnn

f 

f oror his uhis unnique vique voocal techcal technniques aiques annd sid singngiingng

styles. styles.



 BlackbiBlackbirrdd 

Cassa



 Cassandra WiCassandra Willsonson (b(bornorn DeceDecemmbeberr 4, 19554, 1955))isis

a

ann AAmmeerricaicann jazz jazz mmusiciausiciann, v, voocalist,calist,

ssongongwwrriteiterr, a, anndd proproduceducerr f f romrom JacksJacksonon,, Mississi

Mississippppii. Desc. Descrribed by cibed by crriticitic GGaa_rryy GGiddiiddi_nnss asas

"a si

"a singngeerr blessed with ablessed with ann uunmnmistakableistakable titimmbbrree a

annd attack [whd attack [whoo has] exhas] exppaannded theded the pplayilayingng

field" by i

field" by innccorpororporatiatingng ccoouunnttrryy,, bluesblues aanndd f f oolklk

m

musicusic iinnttoo heherr wworork, Wilsk, Wilsonon has whas wonon twtwoo

G



 "Desti"Destinnatiationon" f " f romrom SiSinne Die with Stevee Die with Steve

C

Coolelemmaann-1992-1992 

Dia



 DDianne Reevesianne Reeves (b(bornorn OctOctoobeberr 23, 195623, 1956)) is ais ann

A

A_mmee_rricaica_nn jazz jazz sisi_ngngee_rr. She cu. She cu_rrrree_nntly lives itly lives i_nn

De

Dennveverr,, CCoollororadadoo..



 BBornorn ttoo mmusical fausical fammily iily inn DetDetroroit,it, rraised iaised inn

De

Dennveverr



 KeybKeybooaarrdistdist GGeeorgorge Duke is hee Duke is herr ccoousiusinn 

 MMooved tved too LLAA iinn 1976, t1976, toouurred with Haed with Harrrryy

Belaf 

Belaf ononte ite inn the 80sthe 80s





 SSooftlyftly AAs Is Inn AA MMornorniingng SuSunrnriseise 

Ca



 CarmenCarmen LLundyundy (b(bornorn NNoovevemmbeberr 1, 19541, 1954)) is ais ann

A

A_mmee_rricaica_nn jjaazzzz ssii_ngngee_rr,, cc_ompoomposese_rr,, ss_ongongww_rriteite_rr,,

act

actrressess, a, anndd ppaiainnteterr. She has bee. She has beenn ppeerrf f ormormiingng

f 

f oror ththrree decades, with a f ee decades, with a f oocuscus onon ororiiggiinnalal

m

mateaterrialial.. She She has has beebeen pon positively csitively compompaarreded with

with AA_rrethaetha _FrFraa_nnklikli_nn,, EllaElla _FFitzitz_ggee_rraldald aa_nndd SaSa_rrahah

V

Vauaugghahann..[2][2] She is alsShe is alsoo the sistethe sisterr oof bassistf bassist Cu



 IInn LLooveve AAggaiainn 

Shelia J



 SheiSheilla Jordan (b. Sheila Jeaa Jordan (b. Sheila Jeannette Dawsette Dawsonon;; N

Noovevemmbeberr 18, 1928,18, 1928, DetDetroroitit,, MichiMichiggaann is ais ann

A

A_mmee_rricaica_nn jazz jazz sisi_ngngee_rr aa_nnd sd s_ongongww_rriteite_rr. J. J_orordada_nn hashas

rrececororded as aded as a sessisessionon mmusiciausiciann with awith ann aarrrrayay oof f  ccrritically acclaiitically acclaimmed aed arrtists itists inn additiadditionon ttoo aa nonotabletable ssoolloo cacarreeeerr..



 AAlthlthoouuggh heh herr mmaiainnststrreaeamm success has beesuccess has beenn ssomomewhat liewhat limmited, Jited, Jorordadann's's mmusic has eausic has earnrneded

pr

praise f aise f romrom mmaanny cy crritics,itics, ppaarrticulaticularrly f ly f oror heherr

ability t

ability too iimpromprovise evise enntitirree lylyrricsics;; ScScoott Yatt Yanonoww desc

descrribes heibes herr as "[as "[oo]]nnee oof thef the momost cst cononsistesistenntlytly ccrreativeeative oof all jazz sif all jazz singngeerrs."s."



 FFalliallingng IN LIN Loove With Lve With Loove-Pve-Pororttrraitait oof Sheilaf Sheila

1962 1962 

Ni



 Eunice KathEunice Kathlleen Waymoneen Waymon ((FFebebrruauarry 21, 1933y 21, 1933

 

  AA_prpril 21, 2003il 21, 2003₎₎, bette, bette_rr kk_nonoww_nn by heby he_rr stasta_ggee

n

naammee NNina Simoneina Simone ,was a,was ann AAmmeerricaicann sisingngeerr,,

ssongongwwrriteiterr,, ppiaiannistist, a, arrrraangngeerr, a, anndd civilcivil rriigghtshts activist

activist widely asswidely assoociated withciated with jazz jazz mmusic.usic. Si

Simonmone ase asppiirred ted too becbecomome a classicale a classical ppiaiannistist while w

while wororkikingng iinn a ba broroadad rraangngee oof stylesf styles iinncludicludingng classicalclassical,, jazz jazz,, bluesblues,, f f oolklk,, R&BR&B,,

go



 AAiinn't't GGoot Nt Noo 

 MississiMississippppii GGooddaddamnmn 



 ItIt pains pains mme te too leave f leave f oouurr oof f mmy favy favororiteite

si

singngeerrs,s, AAll JarreauJarreau_,, Chaka Khan, JonChaka Khan, Jon

Hendricks

Hendricks aanndd SammySammy DDavis Jr.avis Jr. ooff ff oof the list.f the list.

I

Imm gguessiuessingng we awe arre waye way ooveverr titimme at thise at this

po

poiinnt.t. AA_nnyway heyway he_rre ae a_rre 4 lie 4 li_nnks:ks:



 AAL JaL Jarrrreau-Seau-Sppaiainn by Chick Cby Chick Cororeaea 

 Chaka KhaChaka Khann-Hi-Higgh Wih Wirre(Chick Ce(Chick Cororeaea)) 

 LaLammbeberrt, Het, Hennddrricks aicks annd Rd Rooss -ss -AAiirreeggiinn 

 SaSammmmy Davis Jy Davis Jrr. 1963 I've. 1963 I've GGoot Yt Yoou Uu Unndederr MyMy

Ski Skinn

Review

Review

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rm



 The MidteThe Midtermrm will bewill be mmultiultipple chle chooiceice

questi

questionons. Ys. Yoou will have uu will have unntil 11:50 ttil 11:50 too

ccompomplete the test. If ylete the test. If yoou cau can non not be at thet be at the scheduled

scheduled mmidteidtermrm,, pplease seelease see oror eemmailail mmee oror

Ma