1 1. Which of the following phases of
ventricular diastole strongly depends on heart rate
A. Protodiastole
B. Isovolumetric relaxation C. Diastasis
D. Last rapid filing phase
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of 1st heart sound?
A. It is best heard over the ‘clinical’ mitral area
B. Its duration is between 0.09 to 0.16 sec C. It is short and ‘sharp’
D. It marks the beginning of the ventricular systole
3. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of 2nd heart sound?
A. It is best heard over the clinical semilunar areas (either aortic or pulmonary)
B. In young healthy persons, the second heart sound is best audible at the 2nd left intercostal space close to sternum
C. It marks the clinical end of diastole and clinical beginning of the systole
D. It consists of short bursts of high frequency waves
4. Branches of which side of vagus nerve terminate on sinoatrial node?
A. Left vagus B. Right vagus C. Both of the above
D. Sometime from right and sometime from left vagus
5. Which of the following parts of vascular tree are also known as muscular arteries? A. Windkessel vessels
B. Precapillary resistance vessels C. Post capillary resistance vessels D. Large veins
6. Pressure drop in systemic circulation is: A. 98 mm Hg
B. 10 mm Hg C. 70 mm Hg
D. 80 mm Hg
7. How much time does ventricular action potential take from phase 0 to phase 4? A. 300 milli seconds
B. 400 milli seconds C. 500 milli seconds D. 600 milli seconds
8. Lead I in electrocardiograph joins the: A. Left forearm and right forearm
B. Right forearm and left forearm C. Left leg and left forearm D. Right leg and left forearm
9. Which of the following represents ventricular repolarization in electrocardiogram? A. P wave B. QRS complex C. S wave D. T wave 10. Flow in a vessel is
A. Inversely proportional to radius B. Inversely proportional to the (radius)4 C. Directly proportional to the radius D. Directly proportional to (radius)4
11. The viscosity of blood is increased twice but the radius is reduced to half the blood flow
A. Would decrease to 1/32 B. Would increase by 4 times C. Would decrease to half D. Would trmain the same
12. The receptor on cardiac muscle for acetyl choline are
A. Nicotinic B. Muscarinic C. α type D. β type
13. Atrial systole in cardiac cycle (at rest): A. Holds very important role since ventricular
2 B. Holds less important role as 80% of the
ventricular filling occurs before atrial contraction
C. Completely disrupts cardiac rhythm if it is reduced
D. None of the above
14. The increased venous return to the heart causes:
A. End diastolic volume increase B. End systolic volume decrease C. Decrease storke volume
D. Decreased isovolumetric
ventricularcontraction
15. Typical pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressures are:
A. 120/80 mm of Hg B. 60/40 mm of Hg C. 24/8 mm of Hg D. 8/0 mm of Hg
16. First and second heart sounds are due to: A. Opening of AV valves and pulmonary
aortic valves respectively
B. Closure of AV valves and pulmonary aortic valves respectively
C. Opening of pulmonary valves and closure of AV valves
D. None of the above
17. The ‘P’ wave in and ECG corresponds to: A. Atrial depolarisation
B. Atrial repolarisation C. Ventricular depolarisation D. Ventricular repolarisation 18. The funciton of endothelium is:
A. Secrete endothelium derived relaxing factor
B. Regulate platelet clumping clotting and anticlotting
C. Influence vascular smooth muscle proliferation in disease atherosclerosis D. All of the above
19. The arterial pulse which is palpable on radial artery is due to:
A. Systolic pressure of left ventricle B. Diastolic pressure of left ventricle
C. Pulse pressure which pushes the arterial wall
D. None of the above
20. Mean arterial pressure of the body is: A. Systolic pressure + Diastolic pressure
average
B. Systolic pressure / 2 C. Diastolic pressure / 2
D. Diastolic pressure + 1/3 (systolic – diastolic pressure
21. The diastolic pressure in the right atrium is:
A. 120 mm of Hg B. 80 mm of Hg C. 20 mm of Hg D. 0 mm of Hg
22. Which portion of the vascular system contains maximum surface area:
A. Aorta and large arteries B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries D. Venules
23. The velocity of the flow:
A. Increases with increase in sum of cross sectional area
B. Decreases with increase in sum of total cross sectional area
C. Remains constantirrespective of the surface area
D. None of the above
24. The major site of resistance in vascular tree is:
A. Capillary B. Venules C. Arterioles D. Aorta
25. When in an experimental animal, the nerve from the arterial baroreceptors are cut, the mean arterial pressure:
3 B. Would increase
C. Would not be affected
D. Would be variable without proper control 26. Functional unit of kidney is
A. Nephron B. Glomerulus C. Collecting ducts D. Hoop of henly
27. In the human kidney , renal papilla projects directly in to the?
A. Ureter B. Major calyx C. Minor calyx D. Renal pyramid
28. Brush border is seen in? A. Bowan’s capsule
B. Proximal convoluted tubule C. Distal convoluted tubule D. Loop of henle
29. The kidney secretes are of the following hormones except
A. Renin B. Erythropietin C. Vasopressin
D. 1, 2, 5 dihydeoxy cholecalcifend 30. Normal glomerular filteration rate is
A. 100ml/min B. 125ml/min C. 150ml/min D. 200ml/min
31. GFR is increased when
A. Oncotic pressure of plasma increases B. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is
decreased
C. Tubular hydrostatic pressure in increased D. Increased blood flow to kidneys
32. All of the following increases GFR except A. Decrease in tubular hydrostatic pressure B. Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure C. Increase in glomerular hydrostatic
pressure
D. Afferent aeteriole constriction
33. Glomerular filterate in a normal individual contains all of the following except.
A. Glucose
B. Plasma proteins C. Bicarbonate D. Aminoacids
34. Test for estimating kidney functions is A. Serum creatinine
B. Serum phosphatase C. Inulin test
D. Insulin test
35. Which of the following is used to measure renal blood flow
A. Inulin
B. PAH (para amino hippuric acid) C. Glucose
D. All of the above
36. Which of the following is used for the estimation of total body content of H2O A. Inulin
B. PAH
C. Evan’s tube D. Antipyrine
37. If a substance has a plasma clearance lower that of inulin, the substance in probably handled in the kidney by
A. Net tubulae secretion only B. Net tubular reabsorption
C. Filteration andnet tubular reabsorption D. Filteration and net tubular secretion
38. Any substance that is filtered by glommeruli and secreted but not reabsorbed by renal tubulesuill have a renal clearance.
A. Equal to clearance of inulin B. Greater than clearance of inulin C. Lesser than clearance of inulin D. None of the above
39. Which of the following can diffuse freely from plasma to extracellular space?
4 A. Water
B. Co2 C. Proteins D. Glucose
40. Presence of glucose in urine indicates that patient;
A. Is having definite diabetic insipides B. Is having diabetic mellius
C. Has excessive damage to glomeruli of kidneys
D. Had exceed renal threshold levels of glucose
41. Amount of glucose absorbed in proximal convoluted tubule.
A. 100 % B. 0 % C. 60 % D. 50 %
42. Which portion of the nephron permits Na+ and K+ freely but not water?
A. Distal convoluted tubule B. Ascending loop
C. Descending loop D. Collecting tubules
43. Antidiuretic hormone acts at (concentration of urine occurs at)
A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Loop of henle
D. Collecting tubule
44. The reabsorption of Nacl is controlled in kidney by the hormones
A. Adernaline secreted by adrenal medulla B. Aldosterone secreted by adrenalcortes C. ADH or vasopressin
D. All of the above
45. All of the following are actively reabsorbed from proximal convoluted tubule except A. Na and H2O
B. Amino acids and urea C. Urea and H2O
D. Na and aminoacids
46. Which of the following measurements provide in formation regarding the elimination of acid by kidney
A. Phosphate excretion and ammonium excretion
B. Ammonium and urea excretion C. Nacl and phosphate excretion D. Ammonium and Nacl excretion.
47. Under normal condition the most important mechanism of conservation of sodium by kidney?
A. H+secretion and NH3 production to
reabsorb sodium from Nacl and excreted ammonium chloride
B. H+ secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption along with sodium from Nacl
C. H+ secretion and reabsorption of sodium in exhange with potassium
D. All of the above
48. During counter current mechanisms which of the area of nephron does filterate become hypertonic/highest osmomolity) to the plasma.
A. Bowman’s capsule
B. Proximal convoluted tubule C. Loop of henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
49. Osmotic pressure of the filterate at the end of PCT is
A. Less than that of plasma B. Same that of plasma C. Greater than that of plasma D. Not consistent
50. Which of the following is an aid to the kidney in the elimination of hydrogen ions. A. Reabsorption of bicarbonate
B. Reabsorption of urea C. Secretion of sodium D. Secretion of potassium
5 ANSWERS Q. No Ans 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 D 10 D 11 A 12 B 13 B 14 A 15 C 16 B 17 A 18 D 19 C 20 D 21 D 22 C 23 B 24 C 25 B 26 A 27 C 28 B 29 C 30 B 31 D 32 D 33 B 34 C 35 B 36 D 37 C 38 B 39 D 40 D 41 A 42 B 43 D 44 B 45 C 46 A 47 A 48 C 49 B 50 A
