http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/
Corresponding Author: Adel Almarweai 508
ما
ا
ا
ا
ءاد ا
:
س
ا
ا
[ Fuzzy logic as a tool for performance appraisals: The issue of fairness ]
Adel Almarweai and Allal Ben El Azmia
Faculty of Education, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Copyright © 2017 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT: Justice perceptions are important reactions in the performance appraisal
context. Several studies focused on what makes appraisals fair and the consequences of appraisal fairness. But it is difficult to evaluate one teacher objectively and fairly using the traditional evaluation method for the influencing factors are more and complex.In recent years, the fuzzy logic techniques have been successfully applied in comprehensive evaluations instead of traditional mathematical models when evaluating the performance of Teacher. The flexibility of the model allows the supervisor to introduce vagueness, uncertainty, and subjectivity into the evaluation system.
The current study aims to identify the impact of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) on the teacher Perception of justice evaluation (distributive justice, procedural justice, informational justice and interpersonal justice).
The perceived fairness of the performance evaluation was tested using the Solomon four group design data (two experimental and two control) . The two way-ANOVA results indicated that changes in fairness perception scores was significant and teachers perceived the FCE to be fairer. Compared with other method, this mathematical model has better appraisal effect and can reduce the influence of human factors, improve the accuracy and fairness of the evaluation.
KEYWORDS: Teacher performance, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE), Fairness of performance appraisal.
:! "ﻣ
،ل ل ا ا ط ا و ة !ا تا #$ ا %
، & & ا ى ا ( ا ) س $+,ا % - ا . ا ه0ھ نا 3ا
ا ط ( ا ا . ا ب زو 6 ةر )و (8و & ) $ 9 :; <$=8 %) :> ا .#& ا ا # $& ا ا م 9) & ) ا @ 9 او ( ا0 ا لاA
ا BC 9 D ي0 ا F او ) 9 - ا %) :> ا ا ةر C ر : ا ا H : ا ا0ھ ف J و ،
FCE (8ر & & ا ى ا ( ا ) س $+,ا ( &# (
.( ا ا ا . )
ت 8 : ا 9 )و ،ت &6 @)ر!ا وذ ن N & ا & ( : 6 ا (Nار ا H+ : ا م D Nا ض P ا ا0J و Q # ا ت Jظأ ،% #T ا : ا 9 ما D N )
U ب $+ 9 - ا %) :> ا ا ( ط ما D N ) J& % ا ت &6& ا V ا ( ا كاردإ % ( 3د تاذ قو د [و ( . ) J& % ا
A نا . Nا ( . ا ه0ھ نا ل ا \& U ذ و ،( ا ا ( ا ) :;أ N $+إ % )و (Cد T;أ & %. و ( ا0 ا لA D و ا (
.ي ا ( . ا
: د ت "'
& ا ءادأ . ا ( ا ) س $+,ا .ي ا ا ،%) :> ا ا ،%) :> ا .#& ا ،
1
ــــــــ ا
:
ﻣ
1.1
")*ﻣ
ا
ءاد+
، #$ ا @ و ن Nر && ا 0=8و ن T+ : ا تا P
(= D %
، ا
،< اودأو < & و % ( و $ .< ا ) & & ا س $+او < Cد )و
ب 75 ت Nار ا
ت Nر && او 3
لاA ^# إ ^8 ءاد!ا 9:C =ظ & ا J8ا
_ ( Cد _و ( د . و _ ا J Nارد
( ا د ا لF @Nاو ق .8
،( & ا ^# ا ه0ھ اA و ( و ت :`و ق a ل + ن د 6 ن اA 3 ء & ا نا 3ا (Sudin, 2011)
،
لاA 3 ا ق aو ت :T
\-( ^ % ( $ ر (&^83ا
، و ; ة 6 ا ا (&^8أ ا T
<[ا ة :; ( و &) .
& H + ، ھ 6 ا 68 نا ا ءادb ل = ا ھ :
<#\ )
ل #& ا . ) % ء [ &;و Vitascope, 1997
ن ( J# c D ) ھ J 9 ( ط 9> أو (= ( ا ا (&^8ا @ &[ .
<8! ءادأ م ^8 ك #ھ ن ;
ق = أ : (.Nا ) !ا إ =. نأ \& ن ; ، ن \ % "
V ab ء : ا "
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 509 ل &;و ءاد,ا )
Ruddin, 2005 (
ا T; ل 6 ة T ( >C )
much talked-about ء%dو (
B Dُ ا [ ) very much-dreaded thing (
ْ ِ
_ ا <8ا 3ا .ءا N + =ظ & او ِءار & ا ا0 و .ل & !ا ح 6# ( &ھ!ا i ) أ (%& ^# او يد = ا ى $& ا ) ءاد!ا م J= نj ،(= > ا J : d
k _ا نا و : و ،<8و ) 9& نا @ . $ 3 ِت &^#& .<ط $:) ا 9ھ 6 \& 3 <8 T+ : ا
@ #& ا نا نو
(= > ا ا ^8 @ +
-( &ھا ق =
ة ا أA6 3 ءA[ 9^ J8أ 3إ ،ءاد!ا ^8 @ (ظ & ا 9; -& ا _ ا .( : $ ا Jط 8 8زوو ( & ^# ا
(Thurston, 2001) 9)
نا ) Culbert
and Rout, 2010 = l (
% ب ; "
ضا Nا c D
" "ءاد!ا Get Rid of the Performance Review "
ن ا <8ا _
نا
ءاد!ا ضا Nا
% ا < )
هو \ ، <8ا 3ا 3 @Cا ا % 9>=
+ <# c D ا
-< 9 9> أ م ^8 # ن ; اذإ 3إ
% ا تF\-& ا 9) ج +3ا ( & + م او .
J# %8 .ت \d,ا ه0J (#\&& ا ل ا د 6 ا 8 ث : ا < [ ( &ھأ دادA
1.2
ءاد+ا
,
!- . ا
/ ﻣ0)
ا
!- . او
20 0)
ا
( \ $ ا k8ا 6 ) ت Nار ا &^ ا ( : P ا & ھا ت Nار او د J6 ا T\ ا 0)
(6 & ا ل \d! ( \ $ ا c D ا ل +
و ا ت \dإ
،تاود3ا ه0ھ % (C ا ى $ $ و < ةد زو (^+F& ا < ار C $ و <: ر و م & ) ى ا ث ) & ھا &;
لاA ا < اذ
) Roch et al, 2007 .(
C لاA ا نا ا - (T ا ت Nار ا نا 3ا ة :\ ا د J6 ا ه0ھ 9; @ و ا
J [ا @ و % ا فا ھb _ ،( =
J> :) 9aوو ) < P j) (: .& 3ا
Coens and Jenkins, 2000 .(
نا _ )و ق a % - ا ر & ا %ھ (C ا
،ءاد!ا <8ا 3ا # ع -8 % ا0ھ ة ا وأ / ( &ھأ 9 3 ى أ ك #ھ ن ،
ر ( &ھأ T;أ + (C ا
) walsh, 2003 (
. H + \& ; ( _ : \ و ء #: او & ا ( + 8 \ N (& N ن \ نا ءاد!ا ^#
. D $& ا k8 [ ل : ا م وأ ( و & ا k:$) ( & ا (Nر && ا ( + 8 9 = ا دود
ر ا J & `l % & ا ل :C Q #
;0 .ءاد!ا
) Tziner and Kopelman, 2002 (
ا م ^# & ا 9 دودر نأ ( ا ) س $+, ;
T;أ ا م ^8 ( +Fa % ( &ھأ T;أ (&ھ $ =$ C
.( \ $ ا <
-) Jawahar, 2007 (
و <8ا ا ن \ $ ا ( & % ةاو $ F او ^ ) ر - او ح ر3ا م @ 9-= ا
. م ^8 يأ
#) م ^8 يا 9-= ) \ C () _ & ا _ 9 = ا دودرو هؤ
.( ( # )
نذا م ^8 ( ا كاردإ ( >C نs ا
( ھ ( >C %ھ JJ[ا
،ءاد!ا < ا ([رد & م ^8 ي! ح 6# ا نا 3ا ا ( &ھا _ ا
) Ahmedi et al, 2009 لد م ^# ا نs) د 3ا د = ا k6 ،ء%d 9; 9:Cو 3وs .(
. ( A = ا ت 8 \ 3ا وا ةر ا نا ف $ ،د 3ا ا0ھ ب P)و
A ا ا t
. 9 دودر ن \ ا0J و & & ا
% k:N ه0ھ ا
) ا (
walsh, 2003 .(
H + ار ا ت Jظأ
ا ا م نا ت N
- # < ا م ) س $+3او . & & ا ا )
) ، ھاو [ م و J =; م :`ا ( ا ا . ا نا و : و
Manoharan et al, 2011 & ، J &6 و J+Faا ت3و 9; ىو [ :T &; (
ا ل 6&) ص D ا بد3ا % ^# ا لF ً ) Nأ وا ًةادأ 6 & C ،
،( = ) $ و و 3 : ن \ نا \& 6 _و B \ و 9 d _ J [و ناو
< :. ،
\- ا ف ا ف J) ة ا ى !ا ل \d3ا ءاد!ا ل \dا +أ ق = ( $ H : [أ % ا ت Nار ا ة و _ ا
T;!ا 9 ،(Cد 3ا
_ ا و .ءاد!ا ل \dا سر % ا ث : ا BCو ا t : ا 9 [ &) ( ھ _ (= =ط ت F ا ى N =$ Q # ا نا ا0J) م & ھ3ا د 6
ا ل \dا ى أ ل \dا ر Jظ ) ل 6& ا )
Rich et al, 2007 + م ا . ا ه0ھ أ نا 3ا (
.ت C $ او فو ^ ا @ &[ % ا kN # F
ل 6 % T+ : ا ن ، ا ( & ي ^# ا #&J $ % c # ا U 0;و ،سر && ا @Cا ا % ءاد3ا ا م (6 #;و (+ازا ا + Cا ءاد3ا
ث : ا A ; % )
Levy and Williams,1998 ر ط,ا ا0ھ % و .(
و ( & ا) & ا ف ط ا م & او تاود3ا ف ط م & ھ3ا 9 8 ا ا ر Jظ
. & ى 3ا 9 = ا دودرو ( ا ) م & ھ3ا ا ( & ا > ) م & ھ3ا
H + ،< و ا ح 68ا % م ھ ف .; & ا (Nار ( \ ا د J6 ا ل0: <8ا _ ا و ا كارد, ا :; & ھا ن T+ : ا w
م 9\-)
(&^8ا 8 & & ا 9 دودر (Nار ) & م & ھ3ا اA ة 3ا (8وxا % <8ا 3ا ،( ط ة = ا م ^#
) ا
Rich et al, 2007 _ )و ،(
اA ا ا0ھ
) س $+3ا نا 3ا 9 = ا دود ) م & ھ3ا % ) (T ا ت Nار ا ه ;l &; > ا ھ اA او ( ا ا م
Maaniemi, 2013 .(
ماو ا ا % ) % )و
.ء )3او ء P ,ا ) فF و ل [ ر T 0ھ 9T دو $ ط إ aو ءاد!ا 9T ( &ھ!ا ( _ % ( & ن \ نأ \& B ; :لؤ $ ا ز : < و
ا \& و ؟
با 6 ا ن \ نأ # ;ذ &
) Vitascope, 1997 ن ا % N #J& ا ( ط k م ^8 () 6 % او & Nا ءا :D ا نأ (
) Hindenburg (
) د .#
ط #& ا J# (`ر \ ض %8 & ا (
A& او A& ا B > س # ا نأ ة :; ةs[ = ن \ <8 ) B > و ، 6=# نا 9:C ة d :
9\) ء%d إ ا
9& 3 (ط $) .
1.3
2 3 ا
:4
، ا (&^8! ( = ا A A {ط D ا . ا ن \ C ( & او (C ا ھA ; و ت Nار ا % N نا او : @Cا ) م . % $ ا ا0ھ نا H +
، %=
،@Cا ا 68 # و ( _ ( & ا ت & ا ) :; + إ ةز
Behn, 2003 س C يأ [ نا ا )أ \& 3و [ 3 <8ا ل ا ##\& ، + )أ % و <8ا 9) ،(
،ءادb % J
) (> ( [ أ ةادأ Talbot, 2008
،( و نا ل ا \& % ) _ ( & او (C ا 8 % $ ا ا0ھ 9T
، 6 نا 9) 8 % $ ا ا0ھ
(C ا ، _ ھ = 9ظ % ،( Cد
( & ا 8و ( & + ( اذ 9ظ %
، ن \ C ::N ا ( م ب :Nأ ،
ر و
ا ا ا .< اذو هA رد
ت3و & ا t ) د [و _رو ة 6 او ( & ا
س $+3او ا م ( \-& F+ م J8ا 3ا ( & ) $ م ^8 م ^# .( ا ا م )
ل = ا ا
k$ ) ) Lawler et al,1984 (
( & % (; -& ا فا ط!ا @ &[ % ي0 ا م ^# ا U ذ ھ
k6 و ، ا
% & ا ا م ^8 % -& ا
& ا ءادأ A ا ( و ( تا 8 . نا ( Cد ت ل ا 9[ا و
& .
8 : ا :; د د [و إ N Nأ U ذ @[ . BC % & %$ ر ا ءاد!ا ( &)و & J#\& 3 -& ا ن!و لF (+ & ا ت
،% ا0 ا ا م @ k#[ إ :#[ | ر ا او
0 ي ا : $ ،( 8 $8,ا (.-8!ا @ &[ 9 D &; ا BC 9 D
H : ا ط ي -: ا A ا ا ( \d
) ي -) ءاد! ي -: ا $= ا s-# %& + ا ا م و ( ا0 ،9 ا ( $ ( & او (C ا Malik, 2011
.( | -: ھرو &) نأ
ا م و (C ا م (} ) % # وأ Cد ا 8 \ ا % ن -= H +
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 510 ) ( # ا تاl:# ا % ( a ت # &D J نا 3ا ،( &\ ا تF\-& (:N # تاl:# 9& % & ن -= -: ا نا _ ا و Manoharan et al,
2011 .( ا @ ةء =\) 9 ا ن $83ا ع . Nا ( :. ا (P ا ما D N ) ة & ا تF\-& ا
(} : ا @ 9 ا % ي -: ا \= ا ة ; & و <8 U 0 و
، F او ( \ # ا
ا ت Jظ ( ) :> ا ^#
-( ) :> ا ت ا وا
-ت & \ ) ب $ ا وا H +
) م C Zadeh, 1965 % او ،( ) :> ا ( &6& ا ( ^8 و!ا ة & (
& ) ي P ا P & ) ف لF (> P ا ت 8 : ا 9 T& J ر ) A Ahmadi et al, 2009
ا B ا ا ر 3او ا م .(
ا V (% . ا)
% #T ا %\ NF\ ا .#& ا ةر C زو 6 م Cر3ا 3 ) ( P ا تا P & ا ي0 ا ب $ ا 9 6 تا P & ي0 ا ،
وا Va ا ،ر ^# لF ا ى
،د Nا وا t )ا ا ،s. ا
0 وا 1 % A[ " & ا : 8 نا ز 6 ھ # 9 & ا % B ن ; اذإ اذ \ و "9 = ا 9 اد | " وا "9 = ا 9 اد" ا & ،
3 ( A6 ا ه0ھ س Cو "9 = ا ،( ) :> ا ( ^# ا لF 3ا
ن U 0 و 9>=& ا 9 ا ر %) :> ا .#& ا
) Lalla and Facchinetti, 2000 .(
J . % ا ( ) :> ا ^# ($ ا c D ا ن 8 ك #J F> أ ءادأ
% ا ^# (:$# ) (a و ،%: ا وأ ;l& ا _ ل3 N3ا kN # ( ) :> ا ^# ،
[ذ &8 J -8 نأ k ا ر
ة ;l _ وأ ( C 8 ت ر طإ % (( : ) ( C @ تارا ا @# ) V&$ %) :> ا .#& ا نا &; ،
) Kahraman et al, 2007 ( s$ ھ ء%d 9;و ،( و = ت [رد 3إ %ھ ثا +3او ء d!ا ناو . ھ U #ھ | نا ھ ،( ) :> ا ( ^8 ھ [و ،(
.([رد ) Zadeh, 2008 (
F T& م J % )و &) .تا P & ا ) ت CF 9> أ 9 T& %. ،ل3 N3ا % ي -: ا \= < ; نا &; تا P & 9> أ
) ( T;أ ا يد N
Ayat and Najafabadi, 2011
) ( و ( د و : ا Q 8 9 6 و .(
Lalla and Facchinetti, 2000 .(
1.4
")*ﻣ
:53 ا
ا ( C _ )و ،( ا ا م ) س $+,او 9: ا م J# Q 8 ،( as ت \dإ %8 ( ا ( . ) & ا ءادأ نا
ا ط D Nا % ا ت Nار
D ا <[و & ا ءادأو & ءاد!ا % %) :> ا .#& ا ة & & ا ا % ا . ا ه0ھ ح 68 ت Jظا ة & ا ت Nار ا نا 3ا ،ص
$ ا ث : ا Q 8 J ;ذ % ا ت ا 3ا ه0ھ : D ( : 6 ا (Nار ا ه0ھ % s % )و ،( ا او ( & ) $ (& F T;أ .( )
و U 0) H : ا ا0ھ ن
ءاد!ا ( ط ما D Nا ىو [ B-\ $
ا BCا &) (.: & ا ا م و ( ا0 ا ( :. [ 9 ; ( P ا تا P & او %) :> ا .#& ا ا ة # $& ا ،
% او
. J 9 ا ( ا ا (&^8أ @ . $ 3 U ذو .( ا ) س $+,ا A A و ا (&^8أ ( ةد ز % (&ھ $& ا ف J) U ذو
لF c ا
( =
( ا
:
"
ي " ا ا ,ﻣ ا 7 /8'أ :;ا <"7 ا ا < ا ا ا ن0 " ا كر نا @ 0 ا ,ﻣ
"
1.5
ھأ
:53 ا
k$ \ H : ا < &ھأ ( &ھأ
F; ( & ا ( & ا ( &ھاو & ا . &; % s <8 ; @&6 ر ث ) ا &ھ +أ م & ھ3 )
ل \ds) ا
<$ و < اوداو 3او J دود ) 9 = ا >Cو ،( ا ا &; @ و % ( .# @ط ا )
م ا
(= D& ا )
ت ا
( ) او و |=# ا ( J م D $ ( ^8
(T + %
ت ا
% ( و 9+ ت \dا س ا %$=# ا % نا & ا ي ) ا . ; & - و ا >C ، &J و!ا 9T& ( &ھs) لFP N3ا %) 6 ,ا ل = ا
تار . ( [ #\ ا
(T ا
) ر : ) .#& ا %) :> ا (6 8 ة d : ا0J ر . ا .( ( 8 T او w:
9 )
ل 6 م & ھ3ا = و ه : 83ا ا دودر 9 = ا dl&;
ي + ةء =;
ةر Cو م ^8 ا فا ھ!ا
( N N!ا % ا &a J [ا .
1.6
B /
تا/ C ﻣ
53 ا
س
ا
ا
ا
:
Perceived fairness of performance appraisalس ا
وا كارد ا )
Perception
:(
ھ ( & ا % ا J F م \ ا % ا ف - ; ) $= و ت & ا ا
%[ر D ا ط
تF: $& ا ( $ ا
.
) Collins Concise English Dictionary .(
و
-ا -ا -ا
( &6 ا
c D ا
ت &$ او % ا k6 نا B J) م ^8 ءاد3ا
H + < ر C \ ا
ءادا ا م و
ع > & ا ( &
ا ت ط P>
( Dd
ءا N ;ا 8 ( [ر ما ( اد . U 0;و (& F | & ا ( :. 9& ا ي0 ا م <) Bظ & ا :. و ه0ھ
| & ا @ &[
=ظ & ا نود A & @ & و & ا ( &
ا ة :D ) % ا J ھl < :. ( ا ) ةاو $ و @ &[
=ظ & ا ) . 2007 Jawahar, (
ا
:ي " ا
Traditional logic% ، ھو ،ت ً N Nأ أً : ي0 ا % #T ا < .# ا C @ و C ، ً: م ( &`FT) دF & ا 9:C ، .Nرأ ن ; إ : +او ن 8 C إ ،( J# ا A
| وا A % ا .#& ا نأ يأ
ي ا
(Crisp logic) (Boolean) (Ordinary)
(Bivalent) (Conventional) وا م ا ق ا ،م ا s.D ا وأ ( ا ( ا &ھ ( w & C ي & # ر
فو ^ ا ة ; % 9-= : _ ،@:. ) ،( ا ة ا % <8ا 3ا .م ا ب0\ ا و
ن! ف ; 9\-) % ا ا % ع و3ا
! - ا ) @ ت3 ا T\ ا
لF^ ا F& ا J [ \ و د Nأو t )أ د 6 (ط $:) $ ء d
،( د ا
T\ او \& ،ًFT& . C ا |=8 % A[ {ط وأ A[ V a هر : ا \& J ي0 ا @ & ا J ن \ % ا ت CF ا
ز 6 و ،ً a ن \ نأ ز 6 و ،ً a V[ر!ا ن \ نأ Q #
}ط ن \ نأ .
ا
:ي " ا
Traditional evaluation( او ( + ) ھ =& او ت & ا 9 T& و را ا ذ D ا % ي ا .#& ا م D $ ي0 ا ا ھ ي ا ا ،ت [ر ا @ &6 % ي ا ب $ ا وا ( ) $ ا ت .N & ا م D $ و (ط # ا وا م Cر!ا)
م ي0 ا ا ھ ي ا ا ن H : ا ا0ھ % و
ف -& ا <
! و & ( J# ا ([ر ا ء . j) م و J^+F % ا ت =\ ا ت [ر ا aرو 9 6$ و B ا 9 اد & ا ت =; (^+F&)
( +إو ( ) $+ k N
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 511
ا
:
ا
Fuzzy logic.#& ا & )و .ة ;l _ فو ظ % ل3 NF U ذو ، ا % #` %\ NF\ ا .#& & م ( .# ( ^# ھ @Nا ا # & ) %) :> ا > ا #
.( ط C دو + F) ت &6 %ھ % ا ( ) :> ا ت &6& ا م D $ ت # و ت ^8 J )
Zadeh, 2008 (
<8ا يأ D $& ا ت ^# ا م ^8
،ت ا % (
:N او
( 3 N3او ( .#& ا تار : ا @ 9 (=$ = او ،( ) .(}ط 3و ( a $ % ا
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary &
Thesaurus (
<8ا &; ( Nاو ( &6 م D $ :6 ا ل \dأ 9\d ، ا
ءا ) a" (Cد Nا % او "()ذ ;" إ " ت 8 : ا ما D N ) را ا @#a % J ا D
_ ( C ا ء ;0 ا (&^8أ % ل ا ھ &; ، ) .% #.a3ا
Dictionary of the English Language (
:4ﻣ * ا
ا
ا
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
) ف Shao, 2009 (
( ر ( Nو <8ا 9 - ا %) :> ا ا ( ط
،% ا ا % ح ) د نا 9J$ ا | % ا ء db 9 d
.( ) :> ا ت ا k Nأو \= ما D N ) قو = ا (^+F \& س % & ا ى $& ا k8ا 6 ا ا % ي ا %) :> ا س ا B D و
:( ا
=;) % ر 9\ %:$# ا نز ا
وا ([ر ا %= D N U 0 .( &ھ3ا k$+ B D ا ةر & Nا % ( N N3ا & ا وا د )b %:$# ا نز ا U 0;و ((
.نز ا ا0J) ف -& ا 3و . ا ةر & Nا | ر وا % ر 9; نز 9T&& ا C ا (ز & و [و wN و B ) (= D& ا تا ا ) قو = ا @ و ،( و3او ( &ھ3ا ([رد k$+ B D ، (( =; وا) % ر 9\ ة . & او
.( =# ت } | و 9 w
) م 9\-) %) :> ا @ &6 ا k Nأو ،% ا H : ا % &; ت & \) ا (( =\ ا وا) ر & ا ى $ 9 6$ و aر Fuzzy Aggregation
Methods ) وا ،(
%) :> ا ل3 N3ا % &; U ذ ) J: :> ` م Cرs )
Fuzzy inference Methods . ا ةر & Nا م Cر!ا %= D N U ذ و .(
9 T& 9; ر ) ( =; ( ما D N ) ( اد ( > ،(T T (8 \ (`F` ،م Cرا 9 ا @ م Cرا (&$ ا ةرو 6& ا % ( .# ف ( .#& ) ا ( ) :> .
&; ،( ) :> ا @ &6 ا ( زرا D و @ &6 ا ( & %
H : ا
% ا
k Nأو &; ل3 N3ا ا و وا ،@ &6 ا %
ل3 N3ا %) :> ا 3و
ف -& ا @ و .( ا ةر & N3ا % ةد [ & ا @ &6 ا (8 %= D N U 0 ،( &[3ا (6 # ) ف -& ا .( \ ا ا ([رد ء . إ wP
70 F ا
ا
: Fuzzy Set
% ا #T + % ة T\) @ -و
# P % وا ت . & ا # ا D Nا ھا ^ ء &N!ا
B % او ( Cد _و (> _ ( ) : ت &6 @Cا ا %
%
9 &[ | . ا" وا "ر + 6 ا" ل 8 FT # ، #8 ھذأ ."
( &6 وا ( د 9\- ( ) $ ا تار : ا ةر : 9; نإ ،( ) :
% او وا ( ا ( &6& ا B D
( ا
( ا ا
% V&$ J8أ ت [ر )
( A[ وأ ( > ( [ر .
اذإو لا ط ن ل T&; د = ا ل ط 80 ا
( ا
% %# و ك #ھ %# 3 #ھ %# و ( :$8 (^= %ھ U %# 3
\& cDd ر : ا F ط
اذإ
w +ا ( &6&) س # ا
C3ا <# . % و 9; ة J ^#8 إ -+ س # ا ر # ھ 9 ط ،( ا #8j ن \8 ه 8
( &6& ) ( ) :> ا
" س # ا لا ط "( ا . ء & 83او ا ه0ھ ( &6& ا % s
> أ ت [ر ) ( و =
. س # 0 ا ھ " + " لا ط و " إ + " لا ط ( ا
ن & # إ ( &6& ا
( ) :> ا س # ا" لا ط ،"( ا J#\ 3 ن & # إ ( &6& ا |=#) ([ر ا . نإ wD ا وا ا 9a = ا ) 9 ط ( ا | و 9 ط ھ w %) : . " : و ل \dأ ( ا ت &6& ا نا " د [و ض =
$
ت } ) V او ،ء d!ا
% &# ) ( &6& ا ا %& # 3 وا %& # نا ا %J ( &6& ا
( ) :> ا \&
نأ ن \ +أ a # ا % ثF` ت3 + : | ، & # وا 9 ; 9\-) & # ،( &6&
وأ 9\-) %& # % A[
.
ا0\ھو T ( &6 ء & 83ا ق .#; ا
ة & $& ا % ة = ا [ 1 ، 0 ] H + ] 0 [ V ء & 83ا م
،( &6& و ] 1 [ ل ا ،9 \ ا ء & 83 او
% ق .# ا ] 0 ، 1 [ ل ([رد ( A[ ء & 83ا .
ن رو 6& ا 9\- ا % J^ &;و ( &6& ا
) :> ا ( a # (`F` J ،( N Nأ
دا 3ا وأ %Nأ ا ر & ا
)
Y
( ا ت [رد 9T& ( &6& # ا ء & 8
دا 3ا و
% !ا وأ ر & ا )
X
ا ق .8 9 T& ( (#\&& ا
( &6& ((#\&& ا لا ط3ا وا ت = ر3ا #ھ) ،
` # # ا ء & 83 ( &6& و ا ي0 w) (& C
ق .# ا ([ر ) ا J & 8ا ا0ھ و ،( &6& ا
%# #& ا w)ا ا N ا ءA6 ا ھ م J او
( &6& ا ) :> ا
.ء & 83ا ( ا ) ف و (
ا ء ; ا اد
:Fuzzy Membership Functions
<8 ;ذ &; (} A6 ا ( &6& (% #T ا .#& )) \ NF; = %. 8 نا \&& ا _
س # ا"
( ا لا ط
" H +
@ ،< } )و < `و % & ا ل ط & U ذ نا 9 ط Dd : 8 نا \& ([رد يا ا د 8 نا ##\& U ذ
U 0)و <8
J= # # ت يأ نا
. و J .Nا ) د 8 % ا ( . ا &$ ) ( ) :> ا ( &6& ا % cDd ( >
ــ
( اد" % ^# ا # و ."ء & 83ا ل T
( &6 ل [ ا لا ط ( ا . ض =# نإ # ا س ل ط!ا وأ يو $ ) 6'
ما Cأ ( ھ لا ط
( ا
. ه0ھ ( &6& ا \& J T& 8 ) # ا % ا : V ( ا ا ( > 9\- ا % (# :& ا و!ا ( &6& ا
' لا ط
( ا
' ،( ا ( &6& ا % 8أو
إ J ن \ نا وا
3
ن \ . لاود ( > ا ةد ا فا ا ه0ھ 9& 9\-) [ ت & ت او
،( #T ا J#\ و 3 V6# 9\-) [ % Baو ا % ا . %J A & 3 ) cDd ھ ) 6'1" ( cDdو ) 7'1" ،( &ھF\ (ط $:) 9 ط ،( ا
نا _ر V ا ا
نأ ك #ھ
C ا :; ) ت = را #`3ا . k8 6 ا xا
ر ا
% ھ ،A & ا ق = ا %
) 9[ر وذ ) 5'11" ( ) او
6'
،( ھو
د 6 فF ا % (a ) ،ة +او \ و ( اد ء & 83ا ه0ھ ل نا +او w ھ 9 ط ( ا xاو | 9 ط ( ا . نا ب Nا
( &6& ا %) :> ا
( &6& لا ط" "( ا 9 T& 9> أ T\) ل . ،cD- ا &;و 9\- ا J^ 3ا
B
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 512 U 0 D- (:$# ) & ا
68 9\- ا % لوأ
cDd < (ء & 83ا) ( > ا
0.95
U 0 و J ھ ;s ) 9 ط
cD- او ( ا
%8 T ا < ا ( >
0.30
U 0 و J | 9 ط
( ا
،ا [ 3ا ،<8ا @ و ،U ذ %& # إ ([ر ) ( &6
لا ط
( ا
# ا ي0 ا 9& 3 <) ت &6& ا ( #`
% l \ ا
ي ا .#& ا .
\& و B
لاود يs) ء & 83ا د
ا . ا & ط J8أ @: ا C B
( &6& ا :> ا ( ) . م D $ % ا لاو ا ا ك #ھو ،ء & 83ا :
را C ذ D او نs-)
يأ ع 8 < ا D Nا N BC
ض P ا ، ،ما D N3ا
ع 8و (CF ا (:N #& ا @ #;اردا < T& N ي0 ا م J=& .
اد V % 3ا 9\- او
ء & 83ا لاود T;!ا
: d
ا / C ا
ي0C"
:
Linguistic variableد P & ا ن \ ي ا .#& ا % )
Numerical
( 9&[ وا ت & ; 9\d & C 9& تا P & ا ن %) :> ا .#& ا % ا .( &; (& C ن \ % )و
) ،9 ` ، [ ،9 &[ ،ر + ،9 ط 9T (P ا .
ةد B
تا P & ا ( P ا
&6&; ت ( ) : تاذ لاود ( > (:N # 9 6 &) 9J$ ا
ءا :D ا : ا V . &) ( & ا
وذ
ف ( P ا ا اد ي ي P P 9;و ، #
) ل . ا P & C %ھ (...ا [ 9 ط ، + ا 9 ط ،9 ط
(ع = ر3ا)
:
ا م ر+ا
Fuzzy Number
ا C ا ء & 83ا ( اد فF ) B D و ( ) :> ا ( &6& 9 T& ھ %) :>
) ( T T& ا م Cر!ا %ھ م Cر!ا ه0ھ Jdأ 9 و ( ) :> ا
Triangular
w&8 %ھ % او (
وا ( ) :> ا م Cر!ا ص ( ) :> ا ت &6& ا ( A[ ( &6
م D $ و
% او ،ي P ا P & ا &\
J 6 c J
عا 8أ & و ([0&# ًا [ (:N #
.ت ط -# ا و
9\-) ن ا T;أ 9Tُ H T 9\d J ( T T& ا ( ) :> ا دا !ا
ثFT) عF أ
Ã=<a, b, c>
، تا ار : ا H +
c, b, a
(& - & ا (& ا ل ،
ا ل T V رو 6& ا 9\- او ،% ا ا ( = & او ،3 & +ا T;!او C
%T T& ا %) :> ا
Ã=<2, 4, 6>
ا # ا %& # J و ( ) :> ا ( .#& ) @ط ا ( .# ف H + ، ) : &Cر J) 9T& % ا ( . ا 3ا 9\- ا J^ و
) :> ا &6& ا ; ( ) :> ا ت &6& ا وا م Cر!ا ه0ھ نا ;0 ) 6 او .(# (:$#) C ا |=8 %
% ى 6 % ا ت & ا |=8 J ى 6
.ت & ا ھ _و (Q ا)د 3او @ط ا ( & ; ( \ NF\ ا ت &6& ا
1.7
-ا/ط
ءادأ
" ا
ما
م0HIﻣ
ا
ا
% تا #$ ا ،ة !ا تأ ) t ) ث : ا % :. ( ^8 ( &6& ا ( ) :> ا
% 9+ >C تF\- و ا ، J# و ل 6 ءادأ ، & ا و لF
ضا Nا
ت Nار ا ( ) $ ا % ا0ھ ل 6& ا 68 ع # د و % ا . ا ،( D $& ا 3ا
<8ا ##\& نا @>8 ه0ھ ا . ا = #
#`ا . U #J ا ط &
م ^8 ل3 N3ا %) :> ا )
Fuzzy Inference System
،( ك #ھو ا ط ا ت & ( ط
@ &6 ا %) :> ا )
Fuzzy Aggregation Method
،( B D و
ت = # ه0ھ ا . ا % 9; ع 8 و ت b ة $& ا ( D $& ا %
، ا
%= م ^8 ل3 N3ا م D $
ت \:- ا
( : ا
ت زرا D او ( # 6 ا
ة # او
،( ) :> ا % و ( ط @ &6 ا م D $ ( # ا <) -= او ) شا - ا ( (8ر & او ( [وA ا
ل و
نز ا %) :> ا ر 3او 9T !ا ت # ;
،ة $
Cو م D Nا H+ : ا ( ط ا ط
@ &6 ا %) :> ا ة $&)و ( #
(8ر & ا ( [وA ا
9 او
% J ا )
AHP
( % او ف ( .) %) :> ا % J ا 9 ا
)
FAHP
!ا N3ا وا ( ا ھو ا D Nا T;
%) :> ا 9 - ا
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE)
ي0 او ع 8 k Nأ ^8 د ذ D ا را ا
% &6 ا و ( . ا T;!ا ا D Nا % ل 6 ءادأ ، & ا &; م D Nا H+ : ا ( اد ء & 83ا ( T T& ا %ھو w$)ا لاو ا ھ T;أو D Nا ا (:N # و ت : . &
ءادأ & ا ت & و ( زF ا ،%) :> ا
( طو ءادا
& ا ل & N ) َ( ط ِ@&6 ا ِ( ) :> ا ة # $& ا ِQِ َ8
ت ^+F -& ا . Jَ ن .
نً N Nأ : ةر & Nا (^+F& ا س & ) ِي P ا ِ9 و Q 8 (^+F& ا N ) ُل & َ ا ط ِ@ &6 ا ِ( ) :> ا . ك #ھو ا ط (= D @ &6 ا ( P ا وا م Cر!ا
( ) :> ا % او و ت زرا D
،( ر
$ و & ا
و ا ت 6 : ا
% ا 9T& د ^# ا ة :D ا م
ه0J) تا .D ا
a % م ^8 ل3 N3ا ا ،%) :> &# ) ك #ھ 9Cا د ت 6 : ا ( D $& ا
% ا %) :> ا 9 - ا 9 ھ Jdأ Q 8 ) م ^8 د ذ D ا را ا %) :> ا
)
FDSS SOFTWARE
( ي0 ا < D Nا )
Baba et al 2009
( ءادأ & & ا .
bb
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 513
1.8
ا
ا
4ﻣ * ا
طو
B 0ﻣ
:J ر ا
ا A & %) :> ا 9 - ا
(FCE)
،| ر ا BC & ة & ا ( :. ا 9 T& ارد C <# 9 6 c D) ) ;0
Liu and Li, 2011 نا k ا <8ا (
B > و ، ھ و 9 ا ا ة T; `s k:$) ( ا ا . ا ما D N ) ( و ( ا ) & ا ءادأ 8 )
Dong and Dai, 2009 & نا (
A ا ه0ھ ()
نا ) ت $& ا د ھ | ر ا multi-level
) تا P & ا د و ،( multi-variable
) (> _ ( . _ ( & و ( ambiguous non-linear
م ^8 (
) 9 ا ا د complex multi-factor
( ^# و > أ ( 8 \ و ( &; تا dl w 3و .( ) ت :. ا ةد و (\) - < ا dl
multi-layered and complicate .(
) J ة \= ا |=8
Junju and Haiyan, 2013 ن ) (
ةد [ | ر ا ھ ( & ةد 9 ا ا ) multi-factor (
، د فا ھ3ا ) multi-target (
،
^8و ( N #ھ
د ة
ت $& ا )
multi-level complex systems engineering (
) ى و . Xiani-he et al, 2010
دأ () a نا (
% s & ا ءا
9 ا ا :; د `s و د [و )
many factors ) (= D ت $&) @ % ا (
at different levels ) (= D ( &ھأ نازوا J و (
different
importance weight ) ( ) : ت = # و (
fuzziness . J د 6 (
) ى &;و U 0 و Hu et al, 2009
ا (&J ن ( ) 9 % () ا k:$) (: a (&J %ھ &
transforming
ا (( # ا) | ر ا ت ; N (
( ا ا . ا ما D N ) ( &; تF\-) - &; U ذ ا B أ .
Ying et al, 2013 <8ا (
) J& % ا ت & ا `s ،% & ا :. ا % ،
م 9 ا ا ) uncertain (
، ت & (6 8 وا ،( \-& ا < C 8 ( A[ ت & (6 8 % s C ي0 او ) ت :T ) $ 3
reliable fully ،( ل : Nا (6 8 وا
.ر T;أ ت
) - و Shi etal, 2012 نا ا (
| ر ا ط -8 ھ ي \
) complex
intellectual activity (
. <8أ ي .# 3 w
فر & ا % ا ،سر ي .# <#\ و
> أ ،( ) ا و ،|=# ا و ،(P ا ،„ ا ،U 0 %P:# ^# ا % 9 ا # ة T;
ةد [ .| ر ا
k:$)و ا ا0ھ \ ا
،| ر ا BC ( :ط % ه0ھ ن
( ا ( . ا
( ا ا
B # ( . او
& % ا) \& (ة +او ( =# (& C ء . إ
نأ يدl
إ ض =D8ا (C ا ن فو ^ ا ه0ھ 9T % و . & & ا
ت & J ن \ C = D& ا
،(= D & & ا ى ا م ) ر - ا دادA و ( ا ا ص > % )و
.( ا ( . ) & & ا )
Ying et al, 2013 (
ا0ھ م او "9 - ا %) :> ا ا" A\ ي ا ا A6 م او BC & ا
.#& ا ت & و ،ي P ا P & ا %ھ ( N Nأ A ;ر ثF` H : ا ا0ھ % م D $& ا %) :> ا ) % ا ( J ا ( # : او ،( P ا ا ا وا (( ) :> ا ت زرا D ا J % ا
% J ا 9 ا ( # J )
AHP (9\- ا ^8ا) (
% ا (8و & ) $ جذ &# ا 9 6 و ، ا ا0J F+ م A ; ا ه0ھ @& 6
ه0ھ .tC # او ا k $
c D ا
&;و ل ) Xiani-he et al, 2010 (
9 6
جذ &8 ا %) :> ا 9 - ا ( . ا ةA && ا س
ةد [ ( & | ر ا . %J زA
ر C ة ا 9 T&
ءاد!ا % BC | ر ا ي0 او $ ) U) - او ( ا0 او
) &; درو % 9 = ا %8 T ا ( @ و ةء =; ا < و
% )و
A < : دودرو
9 = ا ( ) 6 ,ا ه 8 .
:ي0C" ا / C ا لLM ,
) Linguistic variable (
.#& ا ( # :`أ %) :> ا
J8أ $ ا # ا جر ا ا0ھ ،% ا ا % 9; -& ا ع # ا ا0ھ A & % ا (> P او ( C ا _ ( & ا @ 9 ا % ( [ 8 |
ھ =& او ھ
ا 9; - [ذ &8 م ا م و ض &P ا @ & ) . %) :> ا .#& ا 9 6 ا
% ) Ahmadi et al, 2009 (
. &\ و ( &ھا P & ا ي P ا
% نا ن $8,ا V68 % c D ت & ا ة T\ ا
9 و
(&^8!ا ة & ا را aإو تارا ا
(: ا
ط ل & Nا (P ا | و ء 6 3 ) ا تا P & ا ( &\ ا
( د او . ) ;0 &;و Wang et al, 2014
& % ا (&^8!ا Ba (:N # ( &\ ا ا . ا T;أ ا +او %) :> ا .#& ا ا # $& ا ا ن ( (^+F& ا
( :. ا (P ا س Nأ #) J و J= a ،(| ر ا ;)
. ت P او ( :. ا %ھ F) Ud : ا ( Nو T;!ا
( ءF
( و
،ن $8… J8! >
ف3x #$ ا ر . ا
%D ر ا . -& ا) ^+F& ا ة $& ةادs; ( ) :> ا ت &6& ا ( ^8 + Cا Cو جذ &8 ا J ^+F 9 (: ا J &J % (
) B > و .( ر Lin et al, 2009
( ء #`ا ( ا0 ا J ارآ : ( P ا تا : ا ن & ا م D $ نا يرو > ا & ،ل 9\-) | ر ا 8 %\ و <8ا
. ا ت &
: ا ا ت " و
زرا D ا 9& ) ;0 H + ،را ا ذ D ا % ي -: ا \= ا ة ; ( ) :> ا ا او ت
Chao-Chin, 2010 \& <8ا (
%) :> ا 9 ا J $&) ت >C # ا @
BC & ا % ط
V $ ا @
،دا !ا
لF نزا ا
J# ) ([ر ا ا B\ % ا
9; &J# %P نا
xا
V: و
( \ . \& ا0ھ 9T& (ل3 N3ا وا \= ا) ر ط,ا %) :> ا
< ا D N ) %
# وذ 9 ) م ا & ا ت CF وا تار :
9T " نو ا وأ
| # ا ' إ ' نو ا | # او ." ( ) :> ا ا ا (.Nا ) ك $ ا % = ا ط &8أ @ 9 ا <#\& &; فو ^ او ةر ^# P ا ء d!ا % ا % او ،
.ر ^# ھ & J T& و J=aو % تاء #T N3او ( C & ا ء d3او (Dimitrov, 1997)
: ﻣ/H ا او
م D $
% J ا 9 ا ( #
( ) :> ا F ا : 9> أ %. ( .# ( ھ (} ) % & ا ا BC 9 9[ا
) ( د : & ا ت C
( #) ما D Nا ط (= D& ا & ا وا ت =\ ا وا ت &$ ا
( ھ
) Kung et al, 2011 ،(
3 ا ^8 د % &6 ا ا ع 8 ھ 9 - ا %) :> ا ا ن
ي0 او ،( & ا وا) ت &$ ا د % ھ م ^8
و ت & ا k:$) w | ، ا (+ & ا
(> P ( & \& ا _و ( J ا ( #: ا k:$) > أ \ و . : _
^# ا ت J[وو ) & ةد & ا
multipersonal (
) Nguyen Vo A Vy, 2007 .(
4)N) ر0. OP0Dong and Dai, 2009 J ر ا B 0 (
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 514
2
تا0 M
53 ا
اءا/2إو
:
:
2.1
ف ــھ
5ــ3 ا
: P/ و
نإ ض P ا
%$ ا
ه0J H : ا A; %
ف ا
`أ ا 9 - ا %) :> ا س $+إ
ا م ^8 ( ا ) & & ا اد # Nاو
إ ( \-H : ا &
(_ a
( = ا
($ ا
% ا ( ا
ى [ ھر : ا
:
,ﻣ ا 7 /8'أ :;ا <"7 ( ا ا < ا ا) 4ﻣ * ا ا ا ن0 " ا كر نا @ 0 ا ,ﻣ
ي " ا ا
.
2.2
SـH ﻣ
5ـــ3 ا
. و
ر : 3 %: 6 ا QJ#& ا H+ : ا م D Nا ( a
( = ا
وذ ن N & م D Nا ض P ا ا0J و :% 3ا 9\- ا % &; ت &6 @)ر!ا
و ع # ا ا0ھ ،ت & & ا
$ دا 3ا ا
@)رأ ،ت &6 ن : 6 ن &6
)
E2
,
E1
(
(%) :> ا ن )
.) ن &6 و ) ن
C2
,
C1
(
(ي ا ا ن : )
w: ف J) U ذو `أ
ر : 3ا % : ا ) O3 , O1 ( P & ا @) ا . 0
( &6& ا ( : 6 ا :C ار : ا و!ا (.) > او و!ا
< :. نود ( : 6 ا
( 8 T ا (.) > او ،( 8 T ا
U 0
( H+ : ا \& `أ
ا P & ا @ 9 $& ر : 3ا
% : ا ه `إو ) <8و تار : 3ا Q 8 9 لF
( : ا ) O6 , O5 , O4 , O2 ( .
2.3
ب0" أ
4 "3 ا
م
ـ
ا
. ا ا [
ا
( ط %ھ ا D Nا ھ T;ا 9 % ) ا ن N & @ % +3ا 9
) Stanley and Campbell, 1966 (
ه0ھ % و
. ا ) % #T ا : ا 9 م D $ ( tow way-ANOVA
:لو 6 ا % V ھ @)ر!ا ت &6& ( : ا تار : 3ا ت [رد ت .N ) (8ر & ( H +
D Nا
) . ا وذ : ا 9 & ط w ي : ا ر : 3ا ت [رد
2X2 إ ن ` F $ ا P % : ا ر : 3ا : و ( ) (6 & ا ا (
X (
:% &; & ا ن \ و
نو ـــ F ﻣ
(X)
F ــــ
(X)
تUMا ر ـــــ Mا "
O2, و3ا(ـــ.) > ا O4, و3ا ( : ـــ6 ا
UMV ر ــ Mا "
O6, ( 8 T ا(ـــ.) > ا O5, (ـ 8 T ا ( : ـــ6 ا
%$ ا `s ا د H +
) (6 & X @ % : ا ر : 3ا 9 = د و ،ف = ا ط Nوأ % : ا ر : F %$ ا `s ا د و ،ة & 3ا ط Nوأ (
) (6 & ا X . FD ا ط Nوأ لF (
2.4
@ Fﻣ
5ــ3 ا
:ــــ 7و
( #& ا A (^ ت ى +ا % ت ا %& @ &[ (Nار ا @& 6 ن \ %
م ا %Nار ا
2014
-2015 م . H : (# ر ا J# ) و
(8 \ 40 d3ا ) ر - او & ا J 9 + % ا ( ) $ ا ا ([رد H + } \ & ( )رأ 9; نا &> ( .) (& و & فا
J ز H ) (( ا ) س $+, ) .: P &;)
( . ) <.) و < : 6 ا ت &6& ا @ ز ` "% ا - ا ظ # ا" ( .) ت &6 @)رأ
.(. $: ا ( ا - ا
2.5
تاود ا
ﻣ
ـــــــــ
ا
9:C < D Nا ءا ) ي0 ا ( ا ) س $+,ا س H+ : ا م D Nا Thurston, 2001)
D Nاو ( ^# ا ط!ا ا ا & ( ) T+ : ا ا <
) ن \ H + ا ( ا ) س $+,ا | ) 3 &d T;!ا ي0 او U ذ
50 ) ( ز ا ،( )ر!ا ( ا ا عا 8أ 9&- د )ا ( )رأ ( ز (ة 10
) ( ا [3او (تا 15
) ( D-# : او (ة 10
( F ,ا ( ا او (تا )
15 و (ة ( ) ا (} : ا @ kN # < ءا و <: تاءا [j) H+ : ا م C نا )
خ :8و ـــ; = ا 9 & و ( ت :` ([ر ) @ & H + (= D& ا هد )! و س & ا ت :` د 6 إ )
0.91 .(
) 4)N
2
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 515
2.6
/ــــ ا
اءا/ــــ2 او
ت
3ا ءا [ا ،ت &6& ا l \ ;s ا نا ) k ،%Nار ا م ا ( ا ) @ ،( و!ا (.) > او و!ا ( : 6 ا) % : ا ر : 3ا % &6& ،% : ا ر :
F; % J :C ( D $& ا ( ا ا ةر & Nا ن -& ا م D Nا (% ف - و A; - ) تار ز ثFT 9; ض U ذ
نود ا % 8
& ا % P ا ( . ) & ا \ (... ،ل : ، [ ،ز & ) ت & \ ا D Nا ،( & ا P `!ا ىA 3 +) (N & ا
9) ( ) :>
. ) H+ : ا 9:C و ( ا ( . ) -& ا 9:C ثFT ا تار A ا ت 8 ) (6 و ،( ا ( . ) م Cر!ا ت [ر ) & & ا غF)ا و ،( ) :> ا (
ا Q # ا ل دا و ،9 = ا دودر س @)ر!ا ت &6& ي ) ر : ا ءا [ا ` .%Nار ا م ا لو!ا B # ا ( J8 % ھ % +3ا Q 8 : ا
)
SPSS
. J ض P (
3
S- ;
53 ا
: X0 و
:
3.1
ض/7
;
F
ر Mا
: P/I ا
3ا تا .D ا : ا ي ا ا T;أ ( ا & & ا كاردإ 9 - ا %) :> ا `s U #ھ ن ; اذإ ر : 3 :(
) لو 6 ا : 1
% ا & ا ( 2x2
ا % ط تا `s س
س $+إ & & ا ،( ا ) @)ر!ا FD ا % ت [ر ا 9T& و ت [ر ا ت .N
@) ا P & ا k$+ @)ر!ا ت &6&
( ا ( ا ) س $+,ا)
( ا % ط) ت 6 & ا ) ت .)ا ا B D 9T& % ا @)ر!ا FD ا ت [رد ا ( او .
ت &6& ا ( +و )
% : ا ر : 3ا % م وا % H + (
ا ،( - ھ ت [رد ت .N ( )رأ ك #ھ . #`
( - J ا د & ا ت .N و .ف = ن #`او ة & b ن
وا . ا cD
، 6 & ا .% : ا ر : 3ا % H + ( &6& ا ( + ا د ف = ا ت .N &# )
لو [ ) 1 ( & ا
% ا
ت .N و
FD ا س
س $+,ا ( ا ) ا 9\d ) 1 ( J^ م د [و 9 = ) ر : 3ا
ض او
(6 &
،هF أ لو 6 ا ت 8 ) و
c = )
ت 0 ﻣ ت 2ر ا
ا /
$ P &ھر : ) تا `s ا 3وا د 8 نا @ . $8
،( $ ا
- H +
& wN & ا 8ر C اذإو .ت 6 & %$ ا `s ا ا (( &6& ا ( ر : ا نود) ( ا % ط) (6 & ا wNو ت [رد ھو ( ا ( . ا % &6
) 217.95 ) ھو ( ) :> ا ( . ا % &6 wN @ ( 283.25
) i : ا ق = ا H + ( 65.3
% &6& . . ا فF ا ا ىA ي0 ا `s ا ھ ([رد (
ءادأ ن ( &6& ا ( + ^# ا tP: ،ا0\ھو ،ظ 9\-) ( wNو ([رد ( ) :> ا ( . ا ( ) :> ا ( . ا % &6
و : ( . ا % &6 9> أ
.( ا
ت .N c = )و
70 F ا ت 2رد
3 ( &6& ا ( | ا `s ا نا .< % : ا ر : F ( &6& ا ض | ا `s ا ض P
فF ا ا د (%Cر )لاد `s يأ ر : 3ا ^#) 0 s
. ا ( ط
68 ) %ھ % : ا ر : 3ا ا &6& wN & ا ([رد نا 252.50
([رد &# ) (
) %ھ % : ا ر : 3ا ا &6& wN & ا 248.70
) i : ا ق = ا H + ( 3.8
.w ( < و # P
ج # N3ا ن ) ( + ( &6& ا |
J `s
ظ ا ( ا ) س $+,ا )
P & ا @) ا .(
( J $&) ( &6& ا ( +و J $&) | ر ا ( ط) ( $& ا P & ا) ) 9 = ا ) % ا & ا V&$ و
&ھ +! (= D& ا تا `s ا يأ
& ا `s ن 9 = ك #ھ ن ; اذإو . b (= D ت $ .(< % : ا ر : 3ا 0 ا H + ) ( &6& ا ( + فF ) B D N ( ا ( ط) (6
) لو 6 ا c و
1 % : ا ر : 3ا % ا ( &6& (:$# ) ( ا ( . ا wN ا ( ) :> ا ( . ا wN نا ى 8 نا ##\& (
) 284.200 < 220.80 ا ( &6& U 0;و ( ) % : ا ر : 3ا %
282.30 < 215.10 ) 9 = د [و B-\ 3 ت 8 : ا ن ) ل ا ا 8 &) ،(
( &6& ا ( +و (6 & ا ^# ا tP) ( T;أ ( ) :> ا ( . ا و : و .(9 = ا د [و dl U 0 ( &6& ا ( + فF ) ([ر ا = ا اذإ <8ا H +)
+ ) 9\- ا % 8 ) V> 9 = ا د [و م و . J> ) ( $ ت &6& ا ( +و ت 6 & ا ن ،ى أ ةر : )و .( &6& ا ( 1
.(
ما D Nا نود `s ا د [و ا ( , ) 9 = ا ا0ھ 9T ب _ وا د [و ح > إ #\& | و : ا 9 ر : ا
% ا & ) لو 6 او
2 3ا ( cD %
:% ا & : ا 9 Q 8
wN & ا
( ا ( ط) (6 & ا ض ا
% : ا ر : 3ا 0 ا
( . ا
( ا
( ) :> ا ( . ا
252.50 220.80 284.200 % :C ر ـــــ: ا ت0ــ أ
248.70 215.10 282.30 % :C ر ــ: ا 0 s
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 516
لو 2
) 2 (
S- ; تار Mا 4 "3 , ا . " "ﻣ ا س Z ا
Source Type III Sum of
Squares df
Mean Square F
Sig. Partial Eta
Squared
ر ــــــــــــــ: 3ا 0ـــــــ أ 144.40
1 144.40
.277 .602
.008
ا ـــــ 6 & ض ـــــــ
( 42640.90
1 42640.90
81.791 .000
.717
: 3ا ــــ 6 & ا * ر ــــ
( 36.10
1 36.10
.069 .794
.002
Total 2573604.00
40
لو 6 ا V> و )
2 ( قو = ( 3د د [و ى $ #
) =α 0.05 ( ) (6 & ض ا ا ىA
،( ا ( ط
ذإ ; 8 (& C ) F ( () $ & ا ) 81.791 ،(
ى $ و ( 3 ا ) 0.000 ،( ) :> ا ا ( ط V و ،( % : ا ر : F ( &6& ا ض ىA قو [ 3 &# )
،< 9 = `أ وا ( 3د [ 3 &;
.< % : ا ر : F ( &6& ا ض و ا ( ط ) 6+ نا J^ و &;
) % A6 ا إ @) (& C 8 ; H + :; `!ا 0.717
k$+ ة :; %ھو (
. ھ ; ( = ا ل :C ##\& < و
ي " ا ا ,ﻣ ا 7 /8'أ :;ا <"7 ( ا ا < ا ا) 4ﻣ * ا ا ا ا0'ردأ , " ا نا ج او
.
3.2
/ I
F ا
:
J^ ( & ا ( 3 ا "
C `!ا 6+ (& "@= & ا
ل `s د [و +ا لادو
9 - ا %) :> ا ا ( . . ا ( ا ) & & ا س $+إ
ق = ا ا0ھو
;أ <# [ ة حا 8 % ي ا ا <C = و ا ا0ھ J) @ & % ا c D ا ر طإ % ه $= \& ( ) :> ا ( . T
( ، % ا ت Nار
لF & ، ا % ( ) :> ا ( . C = ت Jظأ & ا ءادأ ل 6 % ( او ( ) :> ا ت )ر & ا ) (8ر & [أ
( T !ا د 9 و ضا Nا
) ;ذ ( & ا Zhu and li 2009
) :> ا ا نا ا تر dا ( : 6 ا Q # ا نا ( جذ &# ا زو 6 <#\& و ،ي ا 9> أ %& `s < 9 - ا %
) %& <8 ،ى !ا ا . ) (8ر و ،ي ا scientific
) w $)و ( simple ) % & و ( operable ) 9; نر Cو . او 9: $ J < طو < #)و (
Ramli
and Mohamad, 2009 . ) & ا ءادأ (
) :. ( ) C T;أ %ھ ( . ا ه0ھ نا ا ;ذو ( ا 9) ( ) :> ا ( applicable
T;أو ( ( .#
) reasonable A ةر ا J (+ & ا ( . ا نا H + ،لد و w $) ا ([ ا %: J8ا U ذ T;!او ،( ا ( . ) (8ر (
( $ Q #) 8 و
و ) ل (Nارد ت Jظاو . ا ( & % (; -& ا فا ط!ا @ &6 ا :; ر %. نا J#\& و ( Ying et al, 2013
( | ر 9 - ا ِ%) :> ا ِ ا نا
. ا َب c D
ا ( ا ِ ،
) ة [ ( ( ناو
good rationality ) ( & و ،(
scientificity :. ا ةر Cو (
) operability ةر او (
a Q 8 ل ا
) ( د و :$8 ( fair
) ( .# و ( reasonable
< :. Q 8 < %) :> ا َجذ &# ا ِنا ا -ُ ( : 6 ا ِ ا Qِ َ8 ناو (
) satisfied ) ِ ا (C ) & ( accuracy
،( ) ِ C ا كFJ Nاو time consumption
. ) (َ8ر َ ( ا
ِ( ا ِ . نر & ا ءاد!ا 9 Q 8 ت Jظأ 9T& )
) (Nار Neogi et al 2008 (Cد T;أ 8 ; ( ) :> ا ا ( ط نا H + %) :> ا _ ءاد!ا Q 8 9> أ %) :> ا ءاد!ا Q 8 نا %$ ر ا ءاد!ا (
. ا ا &; .( ) :> ا _ 9; م C
) Purnama-Dewi et al, 2012 َةد Jd 9 # & ا %) :> ا ِ .#& ا ( طو ت [ر ) ا ( ط (8ر &) (
) (ُ8و T;أ J8! ت [ر ا ِم ^8 ِ 9> أ %) :> ا ِ .#& ا ( ط 8 ;و ،ِ ّ more flexible
) 8ا ُ T;أو ( equitable
ِ(6 # ا ر Jظا % ( % و
. ;ر -& ا k
3.3
ت / ـــ ا
ت ـ X0 او
^#& ا ) ة 6= ا a ) ا ث ) % ةد [ & ا بد3ا تا 6 N % (&ھ $& (J) - ت Nارد ءا [j) T+ : ا م & ھا ةد A) V # ( Nر && او
.ص D ا <[و ( ) ا (: \& او & بد3ا J ا = % او a ) (= D ت # ت Nار ا A& ا ا ([ ) لاA 3 %) :> ا .#& ا نا &;
.%: 6 ا H : ا J# %8 % ا & ا تF\-& و ( T + 3 6 لاA 3 <8ا
: <6 8و % ا H : ا 9& نا \&
• فا d,ا k Nا . % (&ھ $& ا :. ( & لF ) ( ا
ھ &8 $ % م JN,او & & ا ءادا . % )و ( F 9\-) ءاد3ا
.9\; %& ا م ^# و k . ة [ & ا فا ھb 9> أ ( ) 6 ا |\ # & ،%#J& ا
• يدl &)و & & ا ( & ء #`أ ) ا -& ( ; $ ا ط &8!ا $ .ف -& ا 8 او ( ا ) & & ا س $+ا ةد ز ا
• ا H : ا ا0ھ س
س $+, فو ي ) ا فا d,ا 8 ( ا ) & & ا
ت :T او ق ا < % ن T+ : ا <# = نأ \& ،
.ى أ ت Nارد ءا [إ • @C نا = Q 8 ا0ھ H : ا ةرازو ا ( ) او ) ي ) ا فا d3ا ةرادا % (
%#: ()ر ة [ $
(ط $: ) (C او ( & او ( = او .
) \& نا م ف -& ا w ء . j) < ا
9; #) م و
k Nا ا
% ةراز ا ء . j) Q # ا & & (
• 9[أ . فا d,ا ي ) ا < 6 و T;أ ،( <8j يرو > ا ء -8إ
ة C ت 8 ) (a ت & ) % ا
w:
ت D )
& & ا
J [ +او ( ا d,ا
% )و
#& ا a & ا % د dر,ا ي ) ا ا ( & ا
) Knowledge –Based Supervision (
، وأ فا d,ا
ا ت & ا )
Informational Supervision .(
• \& ما D Nا ()ر
.#& ا %) :> ا ) k :> ا Fuzzification (
@ يأ ( ط فا d3او
ي ) ا U 0)و \& < ءا @ k N!ا
(T ا
فا d… B D&) J ا 8ا .
• ا ^8 (8و & (ط $: او % ا @ & J) س ا %) :> ا <8
\& < ا D Nا ةد A (
k Nأ <T + k Nأ ا ةراد, ; فا ھ! ) وا Q # )
او ما D N ) ( ط ” 720 ,° 360 ° Performance Evaluation .”
ا ^8و < ر
9 ا
@ ت 8 : ا ( د ا ت & او B D
رد & ا
ل \d3او ) ةادأ % س C ،(ة +او U 0 9 6 <# ^8 ا او مءF @ ت : . فا ھاو ا
.(T ا
• F. ا ءادأ ; ( & ا ت :. ا ا % < ; نا \& & ا ءادأ % ا %) :> ا .#& ا جذ &8 ما D Nا ( T : ا ت و -& ا وا ب
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 517
4
XLM
k ءادأ & ا ارود $ ر % ح 68 وأ 9-يأ ($Nl ( & . د [وو م ^8 F A= N
& & ا $
J ادأ . 3ا نا ا . ا
( ا
ا T;
9-= % ءادأ =ظ & ا ،( &) 9 6 و
& & ا نو -م ) ( ا ا َنو ^ْ#َ و J
ً : N )و ، و : و نا J و D ْ $ َ نو ) ؛س Nا %=
( ا
J8ا
َن ;ر نا ز 83ا ُ &ْ\َ % ِ(ّ اذ م & ا . J ْ َC 3 ُ| ِ َ ءاد3ا ك $ ا
% ا
َ ھ ^ ا ِQِ َ# او َةA6#& أ ء #`أ ِة
، ا
\ ً3 )
ِ
U ذ 9& $ ( ِ\ْ-َ
تاز 83ا ( ا0 ا
َ
ِءاد!ا . %= ،@Cا ا 68 ت & ا ( & ا _ (
ةز # و إ + :; . +أ ب :Nأ U ذ ھ نا ه0ھ ق . ا &[ w: ( :.)
( #
( او
م J=& 3و @ . $ (6
م ا w: & ا ( :. ) ( ) :> ا ھ =& . ا . او
( ا
( ا
ق ،U ذ k . ت
( = ( Cدو
،9& J8ا 3 @ . $
9 ا
@ م ا % ھا ^ ا ( :. ا (P او ( -: ا ( :. ا .
ت Jظا ه0ھ (Cر ا ( T : ا ( 8 \ ا < ا D Nا جذ &8 ا %) :> ا 9 - ا )
FCE
( 9 :;
ي ا
ف J) $ س $+,ا ( ا ) . @[ و U ذ ا ا
اA& ا (.: & ا ةر ) .#& ا %) :> ا ( & و
9 ا
% J ا 9 T&
ت 8 : ا ت & او 9 T& و
(} ) | ر ا
ةر )
(& F .
Q # ا % ا
ل ا
J |\ نأ م ^# ا ح & ا \& < ا D Nا $
س $+إ & & ا
( ا )
ھو \
#\& % (&^8!ا ،( ) $ ا &) A= N
& & ا $
، J ادا ھر dو
، )
9: و تارا C
، ا
( . (+ & ا %ھ T;أ (8و ( ) Cو :.
(:N و
(.Nا ) (&^83ا ة :D ا . &)
9 6 J# ()ر ة او :. و ت : . & % ا
J =
ج +3ا
J = و
ا تا P
(T ا
.
R
EFERENCES[1] Sudin, S., Fairness of and satisfaction with performance appraisal process. Journal of Global Management, 2(1), 66-83. (2011)
[2] Vitascope Productions (Australia) Pty Ltd, Appraisal without agreement: is it possible? PerformMAX, Performance Mangment, October 1997
[3] Thurston, Jr. P. W., Clarifying the structure of justice using fairness perceptions of performance appraisal practices. Doctoral dissertation, University at Albany, State University of New York (2001).
Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304760141/accountid=45905
[4] Ruddin, Z. Z., Employees’ perception on the effectiveness of performance appraisal system. (2005) Retrieved from Open University of Malaysia: http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/132/1/Employees_perception_irepo.pdf
[5] S.A. Culbert & L. Rout, Get Rid of the Performance Review: How Companies Can Stop Intimidating, Start Managing—and Focus on What Really Matters (New York: Business Plus, 2012).
[6] Roch, S.G., Stemburgh, A.M., & Caputo, P.M., Absolute vs relative performance rating formats: Implications for fairness and organizational justice. International Journal of Selection and Assessment,15(3), 302–316 (2007)
[7] Coens, T. and Jenkins, M., "Abolishing Performance Appraisals: Why They Backfire and What to Do Instead", San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler. (2000)
[8] Tziner, A. & Kopelman, R.E., Is there a Preferred Performance Rating Format? A Non-psychometric Perspective. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51 (3), 479-503 (2002).
[9] Jawahar I. M., The Influence of Perceptions of Fairness on Performance Appraisal Reactions. J Labor Res (2007) 28:735– 754, Published online: 30 June 2007 Springer Science + Business Media. (LLC 2007)
[10] Ahmadi G. A., Taghipourian M. J. and Taghipourian Y., The Evaluation of Instructions Training Performance by FUZZYMCDM, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Teaching and Learning, INTI University College, Malaysia. (ICTL 2009)
[11] Walsh, M. B., Perceived fairness of and satisfaction with employee performance appraisal. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Louisiana, United States of America. (2003).
[12] T.R. Manoharan, C. Muralidharan and S.G. Deshmukh, An integrated fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making model for employees’ performance appraisal, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 22, No. 3, 722–745, January (2011).
[13] Levy, P. E. and Williams, J. R., "The social context of performance appraisal: A review and framework for the future", Journal of Management, 30, 881–905, (2004).
[14] Maaniemi, Johanna, Reflections of Systemic Justice? Employees' and Supervisors' Experiences of Injustice in the Performance Appraisal and Merit pay Context. Aalto University publication series, Doctoral Dissertations 23/2013 [15] Behn, R. O., Why measure performance? Different purposes require different measures. Public Administration Review,
63 (5). (2003).
[16] Malik, Husnain, An assessment system for evaluation of driving competencies. PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology, (2011). Retrieved from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/40902/1/Husnain_Malik_Thesis.pdf
ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 19 No. 3, Feb. 2017 518
[18] Chin, M. H. and Chin, W. l., A model of selecting Vocational senior high school teachers based on the fuzzy theory. Graduate Institute of Industrial Education, 1998. http://www.tcvistc.edu.twpdmn {printed on January 15, 2005). [19] Wang S., The College Physical Education Teaching Evaluation based on the Fuzzy AHP-Entropy and the Computer
Simulation, International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 10 (2014), pp. 45-56
[20] Shao Ch., The Implication of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method in Evaluating, Internal Financial Control of Enterprise, International Business Research Vol. 2, No. 1. (2009)
[21] Dong P. and Dai F., Evaluation for Teaching Quality Based on Fuzzy Neural Network, First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, pp.112–115, (2009).
[22] Junju and Haiyan, Towards Evaluating Teaching Quality Using Dynamic Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method, International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences, pp.1695–1697, (2013).
[23] Xiani-he, ziqiang-zhu, yong-zhou, guangyin-Lu, qunyi-liu, University Teaching Quality Evaluation Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Approach, Second International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, pp.616-619, (2010).
[24] Ying Ch., Liu J., Qin L., Application Research of Fuzzy Theory in PE Teaching Evaluation, TELKOMNIKA, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 5133–5140, (2013).
[25] Shia J., Dongb Ch., Houa J., Research and Design of Teaching Evaluation System based on Fuzzy Model, I.J. Education and Management Engineering, 10, pp.45-51, (2012).
[26] Lin Ching- San, Chen Farn-Shing, Chen Chen-Tung, Chien Fang- Chung, Chuang Chia-Yu, Fuzzy Decision-Making Method for Teaching Project Evaluation Based on Linguistic Variables, The International Journal of Learning, November 2009 p [27] Kan, Chao-Chin, “Applying Fuzzy Logic to Measure Strategy Implementation and Stakeholders’ Performance,” Journal of
Southern Taiwan University, 35(4), 21-50, (2010).
[28] Nguyen Vo A Vy, Evaluating Employee’s Performance Using A Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Approach, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Department of Business Administration, master's degree, June 2007
[29] Baba F., KUŞÇU D., Han k., Developing a Software for Fuzzy Group Decision Support System: A Case Study, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET ISSN: 1303-6521 volume 8 Issue 3, July 2009
[30] Zhu Ch., Li L., Fuzzy Neural Network Model and its Application in Teaching Quality Evaluation, International Symposium on Intelligent Ubiquitous Computing and Education, p239-242, 2009
[31] Ramli N., and Mohamad D., A Centroid-Based Performance Evaluation Using Aggregated Fuzzy Numbers, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 3, no. 48, 2369 - 2381, 2009
[32] Neogi A., Mondal A.C., Mandal S.K., A Fuzzy Modeling Approach to Evaluate Faculty Performance, ACM Ubiquity, Vol. 9, Issue 15 April 15 – 21, 2008.
