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Copyright
This manual, including all the figures and screenshots it contains, is Copyright © 2001 - 2006 by Arkeia Software, All Rights Reserved.
Linux is Copyright © by Linus Torvalds, All Rights Reserved.
MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the Euro-pean Union and other countries.
Microsoft® and Windows® are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.
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ARKEIA SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
In order to preserve and protect its rights within the framework of currently applicable legislation, Arkeia Software and Arkeia SA, hereinafter referred to as ARKEIA, does not sell rights to this SOFTWARE, but grants the right to use this SOFTWARE, within the terms of this license agreement, hereinafter referred to as LICENSE AGREEMENT, and expressly retains ownership rights to all ARKEIA SOFTWARE. If you do not agree with all the terms and conditions of this LICENSE AGREEMENT you can obtain a refund by return-ing the SOFTWARE, all its manuals, its documentation and the original sealed license envelope, in salable condition, to the place you obtained them.
1. GRANT OF LICENSE. In return for payment of LICENSE fees included in the cost of the SOFTWARE and your commitment to comply with the terms and conditions of this LICENSE AGREEMENT as well as the limited warranty attached to, ARKEIA, the licenser, grants to you, the LICENSEE, the exclusive and non-transferable right to use the SOFTWARE on a single computer known as the backup server, here in after referred to as the SERVER, and its associated client computers, here in after referred to as CLIENTS, provided that the terms and conditions of the license are complied with.
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This LICENSE does not constitute a sale of the original SOFTWARE or of any copy thereof.
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WARRANTY *
ARKEIA warrants its SOFTWARE for a period of ninety (90) days as of the date of deliv-ery thereof. This warranty also includes reconditioning or replacing SOFTWARE media. ARKEIA does not warrant and does not enter into any commitments regarding the content of the documentation and the software. ARKEIA further disclaims any implicit warranties tied to the sale of the right to use license of this SOFTWARE with respect to its quality, its results, its merchantability or its suitability for a particular purpose. Consequently, the license to use this SOFTWARE is granted “as is”, without any promise being made. In the event of a defect in the software or in the documentation, the LICENSEE, and not ARKEIA, its dealers, distributors, agents, or employees shall bear all costs needed for ser-vicing, repair or correction.
Under no circumstances shall ARKEIA, or anyone else participating in the design, produc-tion and delivery of this SOFTWARE, be liable for any damages, whether direct, indirect, secondary or incidental, including, but not limited to, damages caused by loss of profit, business interruption, loss of information or any other loss, resulting from the use of this SOFTWARE, even if ARKEIA has been informed of the possibility of such damages. Information or advice given verbally or in writing by ARKEIA, its dealers, distributors, agents or employees shall not constitute a warranty, nor affect in any way this warranty, and as such, the recipient shall not in any way depend on any such information or advice. Arkeia and ARKEIA SOFTWARE are registered trademarks (TM) of ARKEIA Software, All Rights Reserved. All other trademarks mentioned in this documentation are the prop-erty of their respective owners.
T
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OF
C
ONTENTS
Copyright ...2
ARKEIA SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT ...3
WARRANTY * ...5
Backup glossary ...9
Setup ...13
Software...13
Licenses ...13
How the license works ...13
Password and email ...15
Email reports ...15
Exit Arkeia Smart Backup ...15
Hardware ...16
Hardware setup for backup to disk ...16
Autodetect ...16
Clients...16
Tapes...18
Next ...19
Types of backup configuration...21
Backup job start ...21
Manual backups ...21
Automated backups ...21
Backup job file selection ...21
Total backup ...22
Differential backup ...23
Incremental backup ...23
Backup configuration information ...24
Compression...25
Next ...25
Backup to a tape drive...27
Total interactive backup configuration ...28
Find the tape drive ...28
Log messages ...31
Email reports ...32
A backup program ...33
Total deferred backup configuration ...34
Incremental interactive backup configuration ...36
Next ...37
Backup using a tape library ...39
Managing tape library slots ...39
Tape cartridges ...40
Periodic backup schedules ...40
Total monthly backup configuration ...41
Modify an existing backup configuration ...45
Next ...46
Backup to disk ...47
Create a tape library on disk ...47
Delete a disk-based tape library ...49
Next ...49
Restore data ...51
Restore a file or directory...51
Restore to a different location ...53
Tape Management...57
Recycle a tape ...57
Backup glossary
If someone calls you on the phone and says "Can you give me a backup?", what do they mean?
• Give me a copy of some data which has been backed up.
• Give me a tape (or disk) with data.
• Configure a backup of my data, which I can run by myself.
• Run a backup for me.
The profusion of meanings for the term backup is a source of many misunder-standings of the subject, making it seem more complicated than it really is. Here are the "backup" terms, and how we will use them in this manual.
Backup start and run a backup job; make a copy of working files and store the copy in another place.
Backup job the processes performed by Arkeia Smart Backup to copy data from a client onto the backup storage media.
Backup administrator the person who has the responsibility of creating backup configurations, and ensuring the software and hardware required for them is functioning.
Backup client a computer which contains data to be backed up and the Arkeia Smart Backup client software, and is accessible to the backup server via a network connection.
Backup configuration a design for a backup job. It includes a list of: the locations of the data to be copied, how to decide each time a backup job is run whether that data should be copied or not, where the copy is to be put, when to start the backup job and how often it is to be run. When a backup configuration is cre-ated, any number of backup jobs can be run using this con-figuration.
Backup cycle some backup jobs are run at regular intervals in a pattern where the type of data backed up changes in each job. At the end of a series of backup jobs, the pattern starts again. This allows us, for example, to backup all data first, then just changed data the next few times, then repeat the pat-tern again by backing up all data. The amount of data in storage can be reduced with this technique.
Backup data the copies made of working files, NOT the files them-selves. The working files themselves are the "data to be backed up", and remain in their usual working locations. Backup data is stored separately, and can be restored as needed.
Backup data set all the backup data created by one backup job. A backup data set may span more than one tape.
Backup level A periodic backup configuration can comprise both total and intermediate (differential or incremental) backup oper-ations. The times between total backup operations and intermediate backup operations will not usually be the same. Total backup operations will happen less often than intermediate backup operations.
At times when both a total and an intermediate backup operation coincide, the backup operation with the lowest backup level number will be run, and higher level backup operations scheduled to run at the same time will not run. The backup level is set in the backup configuration, and can be 1, 2 or 3.
In the diagram above:
- daily backup operations are assigned to level 3, - weekly backup operations are assigned to level 2, and - monthly backup operations are assigned to level 1.
On the 7th day, a weekly (level 2) backup operation is scheduled so it runs in place of the daily (level 3) backup operation.
At the end of the 4th week, a monthly backup is scheduled at the same time as the daily and weekly backup operations. The monthly backup operation is set to level 1, so it replaces the level 2 backup operation, which replaces the level 3 backup operation.
Arkeia Smart Backup will request a new tape at each change of level in a backup configuration.
Backup period the length of time between scheduled backups.
Backup plugin a separate application which works with
Arkeia Smart Backup to perform a special task, such as restoring an entire computer (Disaster Recovery), or mak-ing hot backups of applications, while they are runnmak-ing.
Level Time 1 2 3 interval
Backup policy Same as Backup configuration.
Backup schedule the dates and times you choose for a particular backup con-figuration to run. This date and time information is stored in the backup configuration of periodic backups.
Backup server the Arkeia Smart Backup software, installed on a computer which has network access to backup client computers and backup storage devices.
Backup storage the media onto which copies of the data to be backed up are put. A backup storage device is the hardware which writes to and reads the storage media.
Backup tape the most common, but not the only, storage medium for backup data. It may contain one single backup data set, several backup data sets, or a partial data set which is con-tinued on another tape.
Backup type can be total, differential or incremental. Each type chooses differently whether to backup a file or not, depending on when the previous backup job was run. See Types of backup configuration on page 21.
Automated backup is a periodic backup configuration whose jobs use a tape library, or backup to disk. Tapes are loaded and changed automatically, and the backup job repeats at specified inter-vals.
Deferred backup is a backup job which starts a some later time which you specifiy, and runs once.
Interactive backup is a backup job which starts and runs once, on your com-mand.
Manual backup is an interactive or deferred backup configuration. Tapes have to be loaded and changed by hand, and the backup job runs once.
Periodic backup is a backup configuration which repeats backup jobs at specified regular intervals of time.
Setup
In this chapter, we take the basic working system which was installed by following the Quick Start Guide, and configure it to our environment.
Software
There is very little to do to configure Arkeia Smart Backup before you start using it. The main requirements are to enter your Arkeia licenses, and create a password to secure access to the server interface.
Licenses
Click on the Manage licenses button to access the Licenses management screen.
You may have purchased licenses for Arkeia hot-backup plug-ins, for Disaster Recovery or for larger amounts of stored data. Here is where the license informa-tion given to you by your sup-plier is entered to activate the full capabilities of your instal-lation.
Follow the instructions in the help screen which appears next to the Licenses
manage-ment screen, to add your licenses.
How the license works
Your license to use
Arkeia Smart Backup is based on the volume of data you want to keep in backup stor-age, from which you can restore.
Demo License
A demonstration license is free and unlimited, for 30 days. You can backup up as much data as you want, but on the 31st day after you started using
Arkeia Smart Backup, the DEMO license will change to the first level license: Free, unless you have bought and entered a higher-level license.
First level of license
The first permanent level of license is free. You can keep up to 50GB of data in storage, ready for restoration. When you have stored 42GB of backup data, a warning will be given. Once the limit of 50GB has been reached, Arkeia will
advise you to buy a license for the next level. If you try to start a backup job when you already have 50GB of data in storage, Arkeia will warn you and prevent the backup job from starting.
Second level of license
The next level of license is 100GB. You can have up to 120GB of backup data stored with this license. When you reach 100GB of data in storage, Arkeia will warn you that it is time to upgrade your license. If you try to start a backup job when you already have 100GB of data in storage, Arkeia will warn you and pre-vent the backup job from starting.
Licenses cover volumes in 100GB increments up to 1000GB, then 500GB incre-ments up to 5000GB, and they do not expire.
An indicator of the percentage of licensed data volume used is displayed in each screen, under the button bar.
The license level is proportional to the volume of data you have in backup storage, not the volume of data transferred. If it is acceptable to shorten the period covered by your backups, you can decrease the volume of data in storage by re-cycling tapes, and the percentage of license used will be lower.
Plugin Licenses
This is what the Arkeia plugin for MySQL license looks like. Hot backup plug-ins for spe-cific applications and data such as Microsoft Exchange and MySQL have their own separate licenses, one for each plugin. Enter the serial num-bers and checksums given to you when you purchased your plug-ins.
To see the details, highlight the license in the License name panel, and read the details in the panel below.
Password and email
Click on the Change password & email button, and follow the instructions in the context help screen to add your password.
When you first install
Arkeia Smart Backup, there is no password. Before you con-figure the software to your live environment, you should add a password. Note that the Old
password field will be empty, the first time you establish a password.
Changing the default root password of a network application such as Arkeia is the most basic security measure that can be applied, and should be considered mandatory in a production environ-ment.
Email reports
Arkeia Smart Backup activity reports can be sent by email. If you want to activate email reporting, enter the email address in the Email field. At least one email report is generated for each backup job, and contains:
• date and time of the backup job start and end;
• name of the backup server;
• name of the backup configuration;
• type of backup configuration (total, incremental or differential);
• names of the tapes which have been used;
• global statistics (amount of data, number of files, speed);
• a warning if the data volume limitation is exceeded; and
• a report if the backup job is aborted.
Exit Arkeia Smart Backup
To exit the Arkeia Smart Backup interface, click on Server button, then click on Quit in the Arkeia Smart Backup Login screen.
If you have installed Arkeia Smart Backup on other servers, you can logon to them by click-ing the Server button, and entering the Server
host name and Password of the new server.
Hardware
Hardware setup is also very simple, you just need to:
• run autodetection to find the tape drives and tape libraries connected to the server on which Arkeia Smart Backup is running; and
• add the Arkeia clients to be managed by this server.
Hardware setup for backup to disk
If you are backing up to disk storage, Arkeia Smart Backup creates a simulated tape library on a hard disk drive. The setup for this differs slightly from the setup for a real physical tape library. The setup for backup to disk is in the section
Backup to disk on page 47.
Autodetect
Click on the hardware management button and follow the directions in the
Arkeia Smart Backup Help screen to list attached hardware.
You probably ran autodetect when went through the Quick Start Guide, but you can do it again any time you need Arkeia Smart Backup to check for new or different hardware.
Here, we see the details of a tape library which was detected. To see more details, we highlight it in the list panel.
In this screen we can control the autoloader. We see how to do this in the chapter Backup using a tape library on page 39.
A server with a single drive attached will list that drive. See Find the tape drive on page 28 for an example.
All accessible tape drive hard-ware will be displayed.
Clients
An Arkeia Smart Backup client is a computer which:
• contains data which needs to be backed up; and
• has Arkeia Smart Backup or Arkeia client software installed on it. Clients are added or removed in the Clients management screen.
Click on to reach the
Clients management
screen.You will notice that there is already one client present in the list of client names: it is the
Arkeia Smart Backup server, which is itself a client that can be backed up. If you highlight a client in the list of names, you will be able to see information about it in the tabs below.
Client information
describes the Arkeia client software version, and the port used.
Machine information lists the characteristics of the client computer. We will see how the Client configuration
and Plugin configuration tabs are used later.
If you have not yet installed Arkeia Smart Backup or the Arkeia client on one or more other computers on your network, now is the time to do it, because we are going to add a client.
Click on and a blank
Client information tab will become active.Enter the FQDN (fully qualified domain name) of the client computer in the
Machine field. Leave the default value in the Client
port field, unless your Arkeia daemon has been configured to use a different port. Click on when you have correctly entered this information, its name will be added to the list of clients above. If the client computer is up and connected to the network, its details will appear in the information tabs.
To remove a client, highlight its name in the list then click on . Any backups of data from this client which are still current, can no longer be restored.
Client configuration
Generally, the default values will be suitable, you only need to change them if you have particular requirements.
Click on the name of the cli-ent you want to configure, then on the Client
configu-ration tab. This is the config-uration menu for a Linux client. The details will differ between client platforms.
This is the configuration menu for a Windows client. Change the value for a property by clicking on the checkbox, or clicking in the Value field for the property, and typing in the new value.
Plug-ins are configured in the same way. See the documentation supplied with each plugin for configuration information.
Tapes
Tapes are added into the Arkeia system when you create a backup configuration. You will be asked to add tapes which will be used to store the data in that backup configuration. Arkeia Smart Backup will create logical tapes with label names, associated with the backup configuration, and you will label an physical tape to match. If a running backup job requires more tapes than you have created, it will be paused and a message will appear requesting you to label an additional tape and put it in the tape drive.
The tapes you add will now be managed by Arkeia Smart Backup. Arkeia will keep track of the tape life, remind you when it needs to be cleaned and warn you if it becomes faulty. Your responsibility is to label the tapes with the name Arkeia gives you to make them easy to identify, and keep them in a safe place where they can be found when needed.
When you create a backup configuration, you will specify a retention period for the data stored. When the retention periods of all the backups on a tape have expired, the tape will be automatically be recycled for use by new backups.
A tape will not be recycled automatically until the retention dates of all the backups on it have been exceeded.
You can manually recycle a tape, before the retention period has expired, if you want to delete that tape from the Arkeia system. See Tape Management on page 57 to do this. The data on a recycled tape can no longer be restored by Arkeia.
Next
Arkeia Smart Backup is now configured for your system, and ready to make real-world backup configurations. The process of choosing when and what data to backup can seem a little complicated, so in the next chapter, we will quickly explain some of the principles, and how Arkeia Smart Backup implements them.
Types of backup configuration
A backup job can be classified according to:• how it is started, and
• how it determines, each new time it runs, whether or not a data file1 is to be included.
Backup job start
Backups are usually done at regular intervals. The time between each backup job we refer to as the backup period (or just period). A backup job can be started in the following ways.
Manual backups
• Interactive backup job. You can start an interactive backup job at any time. The interactive backup job only starts on your command, and runs once.
Automated backups
• Periodic backup job. Periodic backup jobs start unattended, at a time spec-ified by you in the backup configuration. It is a scheduled backup job which repeats at regular intervals of time. You can cancel individual scheduled backup jobs, without affecting the other jobs in the schedule.
• Deferred backup job. A deferred backup job is a backup job whose start time has been delayed. It starts unattended at a specified date and time, and runs only once.
Backup job file selection
When a data file is compared to its copy held in a backup data set, it
• will have changed;
• will not havechanged; or
• will be new. A new data file can be considered as a file which has changed. Backup jobs can be configured as total, incremental or differential. A total backup job copies all the data files to be backed up to the backup media, whether they are changed, not changed or new.
When an incremental or differential backup job is launched, Arkeia Smart Backup will check each data file listed in the backup configuration against the last backed up copy made by a backup job under a configuration chosen as the base for this backup. Changed and new files will be copied to the backup data set. There is one exception: the interactive incremental backup.
direc-An interactive incremental backup job will check each data file listed in the backup configuration against a specific backup data set, chosen as the base. Changed and new files will be copied to the backup data set.
Total backup
If the backup job is configured as a total backup, files are selected to be copied into the new backup data set whether or not they have changed; all files are included.
In this and the following diagrams, the live data files to be backed up are in the unshaded columns. #1 is a data file, #11 is the same file but changed, and #12 is the same file changed a second time, and so on.
The copies contained in the total backup data sets are in the shaded columns, each column being a new total backup data set. In each diagram, the data to be backed up in the unshaded columns is the same, so you can compare the backup data sets in the shaded columns to see the differences.
All the files are copied into the first total backup data set. The file #1 is changed before the second total backup job is run, becoming the file #11. The file #4 is cre-ated in the same period. In the second total backup data set, the new and changed files, and the unchanged files, are copied. Each total backup data set contains a copy of every file nominated for backup in the configuration.
Restoration
To restore a file as it was at some point in time, you need the backup data set which contains the file as it was at that time. To restore all the data to its latest state, you need the latest total backup data set.
Data to be backed up #1 #1 #11 #11 #12 #12 #12 #12 #12 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #2 #3 #3 #3 #31 #31 #31 #31 #31 #4 #4 #4 #41 #41 #42 #42 #42 #5 #5 #5 Total backups
Differential backup
In a differential backup configuration, files which have changed after the copy in the base backup data set, are copied into the new backup data set. Each subsequent differential backup job compares the data files to be backed up with the original base backup data set, and selects those that have changed.
The dark shaded column in this diagram represents a total backup on which the all the rest of the differential backup jobs are based. The lighter shaded backup col-umns show the differential backup data sets. The first differential backup data set contains only the file #11 which has changed, and #4 which has been added since the base backup. These are the only files which have changed since the base backup.
The next differential backup data set contains all the files which were copied into the first last differential data set, plus #31, which has changed. This backup con-tains all the files that have changed since the base backup data set. Subsequent dif-ferential backup data sets behave the same way. The last difdif-ferential data set contains the latest copies of all the files except #2, which has not changed since the base backup data set, and #5, which was deleted.
An interactive backup cannot be configured as a differential backup, in Arkeia Smart Backup. Only incremental and total backup configurations are possible.
Restoration
To restore a file as it was at some point in time, you need the backup data set which contains the file as it was at that time. To restore all the data to a certain point in time, you need the base backup data set and the last data set covering that point in time. To restore all the data to its latest state, you need the base data set, and the lat-est differential backup job data set.
Incremental backup
If we change the base backup data to be the last backup data set every time a new backup job is run, instead of remaining the same as it does in a differential backup job, we have an incremental backup configuration.
Data to be backed up #1 #1 #11 #11 #12 #12 #12 #12 #12 #2 #2 #3 #3 #31 #31 #31 #31 #31 #4 #4 #4 #41 #41 #42 #42 #42 #5 #5 #5 Base
Total Differential backups
In a periodic incremental backup configuration, the new backup job is based on the last backup which was run with this configuration. In an interactive incremental backup configuration, you choose each time you run the backup on which backup data set it will be based. You could emulate manually the periodic incremental backup behaviour by choosing every time the last backup data set made with this configuration, or you could choose any other backup data set. If you do not change the base data set, you will be effectively making differential backups.
This diagram represents a series of incremental backups, each one based on the previous backup data set. This is how a periodic incremental backup configuration manages the data to be backed up. In an interactive incremental backup configura-tion, you would have to edit the configuration before each backup job to change the base backup data set to the previous incremental backup data set.
The first backup data set contains copies of all the files to be backed up, because they are all "new" to this backup configuration. The next incremental backup data set contains #11 and #4, which have changed since the first (base) backup job was run. So far, this is the same as the differential backup data set of the same period.
The next incremental backup data set contains #12 and #31, which have changed since the last (new base) backup data set. Incremental backup jobs continue in this manner, based on the last backup data set. In the second last data set, only one file is copied. In the last data set, no files are copied because none have changed since the previous backup data set.
Restoration
To restore a file as it was at a certain point in time, you need the last incremental backup data set containing that file. To restore all the data to a certain point in time, or to the latest backup state, you could need the base backup data set and all the data sets up to that point in time.
Backup configuration information
When you configure a backup job, you will need to supply the following informa-tion to Arkeia Smart Backup:
• a name for the backup configuration;
Data to be backed up #1 #1 #11 #11 #12 #12 #2 #2 #3 #3 #31 #31 #4 #4 #41 #41 #42 #42 #5 #5 #5
• backup job start method: interactive, deferred or periodic;
• backup type: total, periodic-differential or incremental;
• the file and pathnames of the data to be backed up;
• the retention period for the backed up data; and
• start time for deferred backup jobs or
start time, backup period and exceptions for periodic backups.
Compression
By default, Arkeia always compresses the data it backs up. This is done on the cli-ent itself to allow an optimal network throughput. The compression algorithm is LZ1 (Lempel - Ziv Algorithm).
You may want to increase compression, or adjust it according to the type of file being backed up. For each backup configuration you create, you can choose between:
• No compression
• Low compression
• High compression
Next
Now we are ready to run some real backup jobs. First, we will run backup jobs on a server with a single tape drive.
Backup to a tape drive
Both manual and automated backup jobs can be run on a network with a single tape drive, but we will consider the automated backup configurations in the sec-tions dealing with tape libraries and backup to disk, where backups are truly auto-mated because they need no manual intervention to find, load and unload tapes. In this section, we are going to describe in some detail the backup configurations we created on our server lune. This server handles all the data and applications used to run the (imaginary) Arkeia Sports Centre, which consists of:
• Management and administration
• Maintenance department
• Shop
• Swimming pool
• Tennis courts
• Gymnasium
We don’t really have a sports centre like this at Arkeia, as you could probably guess when you look at the title bar in some of the screenshot panels in the man-ual: they refer to our test servers. But we can always dream...
Arkeia Smart Backup server is located on a computer with its attached tape drive, named lune on our LAN. The data to be backed up is located on one computer called reginald-win.bat1.arkeia.com.fr, but it could just as easily be located on many different computers attached to the LAN, each with the Arkeia client soft-ware installed. We are creating and managing the backup jobs from a computer called voyager, on the LAN.
The examples in this and the next section range from a simple total backup job on one drive, to periodic backup jobs with exceptions, and backup jobs using a tape library. Follow these examples to find out how to use all the features of
Arkeia Smart Backup.
Lune
Arkeia Smart Backup server
Voyager
Arkeia user interface
Client data to be backed up
Both manual and automated backup jobs can be run on a network with a single tape drive, but we will consider the automated backup configurations in the sec-tions dealing with tape libraries and backup to disk, where backups are truly auto-mated because they need no manual intervention to find, load and unload tapes.
Our first backup configuration project was to make a total backup data set of the Arkeia Sports Centre files. Arkeia Smart Backup has been installed on lune, and on our workstation
voyager, so we started it on our workstation, and entered the server name and password in the Login screen.
Eventually, we will design a backup configura-tion which will schedule a total backup job to run each week, and run more fre-quent backup jobs to capture the changed data. A backup configuration like this will optimize the tape space we use, and allow a roll-back of the data to any point in time. But first, we wanted to feel our way with an total interactive backup con-figuration, just to see how things work.
Total interactive backup configuration
The sports centre had just opened for operations so the staff were all new and had no experience with the particular computerized management system being used, so we wanted to get the present data on tape before someone accidentally obliterated it, and to give us something to roll back to if things went wrong.
Find the tape drive
We opened the Arkeia Smart Backup GUI on voyager. Since this was the first time we had run Arkeia Smart Backup on lune, we found the tape drive by clicking:
Backup devices management > Detect
We saw that our single attached tape drive had been found, so then we moved on to enter the backup configu-ration.
Step 1: Name the backup configuration
To create a backup configuration, we clicked:
and the Backup
configura-tion wizard started. We wanted to run this backup operation right away, so we clicked on Interactive
backup, then to continue the configuration.
In this screen we entered a name for the backup config-uration:
sports_centre_total_bckp.
The Backup type is Total
backup.
We left the Valid for field at the default 30 days. This means that the tape will not be recycled or overwritten for the next 30 days, at least.
We will explore the
Advanced options later, so these were not changed.
We clicked on Next at the bottom of this screen:
Step 2: Files to be included in this backup configuration
In this step we selected the list of files to be included in the backup configuration. The navigator shows the Arkeia clients which are available to this server on the LAN.
Here we have highlighted the client on which the sports cen-tre data is located. We dou-bled-clicked on this client to navigate our way to the files we wish to include in this backup configuration.
We looked for the directory called Arkeia_sports_centre, which is the one we want to include in this backup config-uration. With this directory highlighted, we clicked on
to include it in the list of data files to be backed up, which is shown in the lower panel. We could add other files to this backup con-figuration from anywhere on any client available to lune by navigating to them in the same way. To backtrack up the navi-gated path, click . Remove deletes the file highlighted in the Selected files list from the backup configura-tion, and Remove all does just that, removes all the files from the Selected files list.
The data for a backup configuration could be on more than one single Arkeia cli-ent. In that case we would open each client in the navigator, choose the relevant files, and add them to the backup configuration.
We clicked on to save the backup configuration. Arkeia Smart Backup then logged a tape, giving it a name based on the backup configuration:
sports_centre_total_bckp Tape1.
We took an unused tape and labeled it with this name. It is tempting to skip the small task of label-ing the tape, and start the backup job straight away. After all, Arkeia Smart Backup writes the label to the tape itself in the first backup job. But
think what it would be like after some time when we have a box full of backup tapes, some labeled and some not labeled. We need to find a file,
Arkeia Smart Backup tells us what tape it is on but we did not label that tape, or five others that we have in our box. Now we will have to load each unlabeled tape so that Arkeia can read it and check whether it is the tape needed. Too bad if we are in a hurry to restore that file!
We clicked on OK and the Start backup invitation appeared. We clicked on Yes to launch the backup job.
Here in the Job activity screen we saw that the backup job was progressing.
Global progression
Arkeia Smart Backup enables you to run more than one backup job at the same time, to different tape drives attached to the server. The
Global progression panel gives information for all backup or restoration jobs currently running.
Log messages
At the bottom of this screen, we saw the two most recent lines of a log of activity. We expanded the log message window by clicking in the message area. This is what it looked like after our backup job finished. These messages are about the backup job just completed.
Review previous logs
The logs for previous backup jobs, restorations and other changes you have made using
Arkeia Smart Backup can be
read by clicking on to reveal the Logs screen:
The Backup and Restoration tabs give a list of backup or restore jobs. Double-click on one to see the associated log.
The Complete tab shows the log messages of all backup jobs, restore operations and other management opera-tions you have done, on a date you select from the drop lists just below the tabs.
Use the colored checkboxes under the message panel to filter the type of log mes-sages displayed.
Email reports
The backup job ended successfully, and sent this email report:
Email reports are sent for every backup job that is started, provided you have sup-plied an email address (see Password and email on page 15).
From: root <[email protected]> To: [email protected]
Subject: Arkeia backup report
Backup server : lune.bat1.fr.arkeia.com Backup start : 2005/05/04 10:08:53 Backup type : Total
Backup name : sports_centre_total_bckp Backup end : 2005/05/04 10:10:24
Backup statistics : "27" files, "94" MB, compressed at "1.0", "89" seconds,"63" MB/mn Used tapes : sports_centre_total_bckp TAPE 1 Flow 1 2005/05/04 10:09:39 [1] Backup of +"lune.bat1.fr.arkeia.com!file:/home/sports Arkeia_Sports_Centre" OK, "27" files, +"94" MB, "19" seconds, "296" MB/mn, "0" warnings
From this point on, to manually start a total backup operation, we: 1. insert the tape for this backup in the tape drive, and
2. click on ,
3. select the sports_centre_total_bckp backup configuration from the list in
Backups management,
4. click on .
We need to be careful about two things when selecting the tape to insert:
• Insert the latest tape for this backup configuration, when more than one tape has been used.
• The tape inserted may be filled before the end of the backup operation. Arkeia Smart Backup will pause the backup operation, eject the tape and dis-play a message asking for a new tape to be inserted.
Click on then highlight the tape used. In the lower panel, you can see how much of the tape has been used. This can be done without inserting the tape in the drive, Arkeia Smart Backup keeps a record of tape usage.
A backup program
When the amount of data to be backed up becomes large the time to run a total backup, and the tape space it occupies becomes a problem. Instead of making a total backup every time, it is more efficient to have a program of backup jobs which makes a total backup, followed by a number of incremental (or differential) backups, then then at some point start the program again with a fresh total backup.
We wanted to be able to recover Arkeia Sports Centre data: 1. from any of the last 30 days; and
2. as at the end of each of the last 3 months.
We decided on this program of backups:
• Monthly total backup, valid for 4 months. This covers the second require-ment.
Extreme case example:
It is the last day of June, a file from the last day of March is required. The March total backup is still available as its validity period of 4 months has not expired, so the file can be recovered from that backup data set.
• Daily partial backup, of files which have changed since the last monthly backup, valid for 31 days. This covers the first requirement.
Extreme case example:
On 30 June, a file needs to be restored to its state as at 31 May (30 days ago). This file can be restored from the differential backup of 31 May. If it is not in this backup, it because the file has not changed since the previous total backup, which was the monthly total backup for April. In this case, the file will be found in the April total backup data set.
From the end of the second month onwards, we will have in storage a backup data set of 2 total backups and 31 daily partial backups. In the third month, the earliest monthly total backup data set will have passed its validity date, and can be over-written with the data set of a newer backup job.
The data to be backed up is likely to be in files which are currently open in the applications which create them. Before we back them up it is necessary to close the applications and the data files to avoid clashes. But we also need to run our back-ups:
• with as little disturbance as possible to the Sports Centre, and
• without having to be on-site at some inconvenient time.
Not surprisingly, there were no volunteers to come in and start the backup jobs dur-ing the dead hours from midnight to 5 am, so we will make use of two
Arkeia Smart Backup features solve the problem:
• deferred backup, which will allow us to start the backup during the dead hours without being on site;
• command before and command after the backup, which will run script files to stop any applications which have files open in the data to be backed up, and re-start them when the backup job has finished. The scripts are called
stop_sports.bat and start_sports.bat, located on the client computer.
The commands run by Command before and Command after must return a zero error code, otherwise Arkeia Smart Backup will assume the command failed (even if it did not). If the command returns nothing, Arkeia Smart Backup assumes it failed, and may not run the backup job.
Total deferred backup configuration
We clicked on then
to open the
Backup configuration wizard, clicked on Deferred
backup, then to continue the configuration.
In this screen, we:
1. entered a name for the backup configuration:
ASC_total;
2. chose Total backup as the backup type. 3. Set the validity period
for 2 months;
4. set the start date and
time for just after mid-night on June 01; 5. in Advanced options,
entered the path and command names of the scripts which stop and start the processes acting on the client data to be backed up, to avoid clashes; and 6. checked the Execute
command if backup fails box, to ensure
that everything is set back to normal, even if the backup fails.
We clicked on Next to continue the backup job configuration by selecting the data to be backed up by this configuration, as we did in Step 2: on page 30 above.
This is the configuration for a total backup, deferred to start at a future time. Here are the requirements for this backup job to run successfully.
• The client computer must be online at midnight on May 31.
• The Arkeia backup server computer must be online at midnight on May 31.
• A tape cartridge must be in the tape drive at the start time.
• This tape cartridge must:
- not have any other Arkeia backup data on it, if this is the first time it is used for this backup job;
- belong to this backup configuration, if it is not the first time the tape has been used for this configuration; and
- have enough space available to hold the backup data set.1
• The command designated in the Command before field must exit normally, without error.
Incremental interactive backup configuration
Interactive incremental backups are based on a backup data set from some previous backup job run in Arkeia Smart Backup.
Incremental backup jobs are usually smaller and quicker than total backup jobs1, so take less time. We will make the daily backup job an interactive backup, and start it manually every day, warning users that the system will be off line for backup for a few minutes.
An incremental backup configuration must be based on another backup. If no other backup exists, you cannot create an incremental backup configuration.
Because we need to base the incremental backup configuration on the total backup, we had to wait until the total backup job ran until we could create the incremental backup configuration.
We clicked on then to open the Backup configuration wizard, and clicked on Interactive backup then on Next to continue.
In this screen, we:
1. Entered a name for the backup configuration:
ASC_incremental. 2. Chose Incremental
backup as the backup type.
3. Chose the last total backup as the base for this incremental backup.
4. Set the validity period for 31 days.
5. In Advanced options, entered the path and command names of the scripts which stop and start the processes acting on the client data to be backed up, to avoid clashes.
6. Checked the Execute command if backup fails box, to ensure that every-thing is set back to normal, even if the backup fails.
1. This is true except if all, or the majority of the data to be backed up changes between incremental backup jobs.
We clicked on Next to continue the backup configuration by selecting the data to be backed up by this configuration, then clicked on Save. Arkeia Smart Backup asked if we wanted to run this backup now, and we clicked Yes.
Arkeia Smart Backup asked for the tape for this backup configuration. Since this was the first time it was run, a blank tape was labelled ASC_incremental TAPE 1 then inserted, the message cleared, and the backup proceeded.
From this point on, we were able to run the incremental backup by: 1. ensuring the client computer is on line,
2. inserting the correct tape,
3. clicking on to open the Backups management screen,
4. highlighting the the backup config-uration in the list, then
5. clicking on to launch the backup.
This is an interactive partial backup job, based on the total backup dated June 1, 2006. Every time we click Start, the backup will copy all the files which have changed since June 1, 2006 into the backup data set. At the start of each new month, we must edit the configuration and change Based on to the latest total backup.
Although we chose incremental in the configuration, it is a differential backup if we run it as described above because it is always based on a total backup. To make it a true incremental backup, we would have to edit the configuration each day and changed Based on to the previous day’s incremental backup job.
In a periodic backup job this is automated, Arkeia Smart Backup always bases a periodic incremental backup on the data set of the last backup job run with that configuration.
Next
The two backup configurations we have just created form a program of regular backups. To repeat the backups, we must remember to:
• change the date of the monthly total deferred backup to start it each month,
• change the Based on field of the incremental backup each month to the new monthly total backup, and
• manually start the daily incremental interactive backup each day.
A periodic backup program would start the backup jobs for us and continue run-ning the jobs each month and day, but with our current setup of one tape drive, it would be necessary to remember to insert the correct tapes before the backup jobs
Backup using a tape library
Some time later, the backup data set requirements of the Arkeia organization have increased, and a tape library has been installed on a new server. The backup data sets for the Sports Centre have also increased in size and number, and we have been allocated some tape slots in the library to use in our backup schedules. We decided to make an entirely new program, to take advantage of the new hardware.
We logged in to
Arkeia Smart Backup on the new server, and clicked on
to see the tape library. Clicking on the device name in the list revealed the library contents.
Managing tape library slots
In this screen, the details of the tape library are shown, we can load and unload tapes, and read labels. To move tapes between slots: 1. load the tape into thedrive,
2. click on the empty slot where you want to put the tape, and
3. click on .
Notice in our example here that the red indicator bezel on the right is lit, which shows that the tape library is turned off to
Arkeia Smart Backup. The tape library is not physically turned off, so we clicked on the left green indicator to reconnect with it.
Hint: re-initializing the tape library connection by clicking the red, then the green indicator will often clear minor hold-ups.
The scroll frame beneath the indicators shows the device driver for the tape library, /dev/st0 in our case, and the contents of the tape drive, which was
[Empty] at this time.
ON, BUSY and OFF indicators
The Voltag is an Arkeia identifier given to each tape cartridge. The tape slot list appears below, and contains these columns:
First column
R means the slot is Reserved, not to be used by Arkeia Smart Backup.
S means it is a standard slot, which can contain a tape for use by Arkeia.
Slot The number of the tape slot in the library.
Content The name of the tape in the slot. Unknown tape could mean that the tape:
- belongs to a backup configuration that has been deleted, - belongs to another Arkeia backup server,
- belongs to another application, or
- is blank and available for use by Arkeia Smart Backup.
Voltag A volume tag assigned automatically by Arkeia Smart Backup.
Tape cartridges
When a backup configuration is created, one logical tape cartridge is defined by Arkeia Smart Backup. In the manual system without the tape library or tape changer, we had to:
1. find an available cartridge; 2. label it; and
3. put it in the tape drive for the backup job to proceed.
Now, steps 2 and 3 are done for us by the tape library.
When we create a backup configuration, a logical tape is created at the same time. When the backup job first starts, the tape library finds an unused tape (listed as
Unknown in the Drives and Libraries Management screen), labels it with the backup configuration name and a tape number, then inserts it into the drive. The next time that backup job is run, or if we want to restore files from the data set of a previous backup, Arkeia Smart Backup knows where to find this tape, and loads into the drive again. If the tape becomes full, during the backup job, Arkeia will:
1. unload the full tape cartridge from the tape drive; 2. find another available tape;
3. load it into the tape drive;
4. label it with the backup configuration name and the next tape number; then 5. continue the backup job.
Backup administration becomes easier, more than one backup job can be run unat-tended, because the tape library will handle tape changes.
Periodic backup schedules
A monthly total backup data set is required. Data which changes frequently is backed up in daily incremental backup jobs.
Arkeia Smart Backup provides three backup configuration schedules, any one of which can be chosen and set up with dates, days and times at which the backup jobs will be started:
• monthly total weekly total daily incremental • weekly total daily incremental • daily total
These are pre-configured, only the data to be backed up, and the days and times to run the backup job have to be entered to use them in a backup configuration. Below, we show how a backup configuration using the first schedule, which is the most complicated, was set up. The Weekly/daily and Daily total schedules are configured in the same way.
Total monthly backup configuration
We wanted to create a comprehensive backup configuration with these characteris-tics:
• A total backup each month, which allows us to restore data as it was at the end of any month during the last 3 months.
• A total backup at the end of each week which allows us to restore data as it was at the end of any week during the last 3 weeks.
• Incremental backups which allow us to restore data as it was at the end of any day since the last total backup.
We clicked on to start creating the total backup con-figuration, and noticed that some backup configurations had already been created by other departments in the orga-nization. Our Sports Centre data is on a shared server.
We clicked on to open the wizard, Periodic
backup then selected
monthly/weekly/daily from the three alternatives.
We clicked on to
continue creating the backup configuration.
Here we set the backup oper-ation start days and times.
Monthly total
Set to start just after mid-night on the first morning of every month. The Validity period is 3 months. No monthly total backup data set which is less than 3 months old will be deleted or overwritten by
Arkeia Smart Backup. A monthly total backup data set which is older than 3 months, can be overwritten with new backup data by Arkeia Smart Backup.
Weekly total
Just after midnight on every Sunday morning, a total backup will be started. A total backup in the weekly schedule will be kept for 3 weeks, after which it may be overwritten by Arkeia Smart Backup.
Daily incremental
Just after midnight every day, an incremental backup will be started. This will backup any files which have changed since the last backup, of any type, was done. Each data set created by this backup will be kept for 7 days, after which they may be overwritten by Arkeia Smart Backup.
Backup operation priority
You may be wondering what happens to the daily incremental backup operation when a weekly or monthly backup operation is scheduled. Before
Arkeia Smart Backup starts a daily backup, it
1. checks to see if a weekly backup operation is scheduled for the same time, then
2. checks to see if a monthly backup operation is scheduled to start at the same time
If weekly or monthly backup operation is scheduled for the same time, the daily backup operation is cancelled for that instance and the weekly or monthly is run. Similarly, if a monthly backup operation is scheduled to run at the same time as a weekly, the weekly is cancelled and the monthly is run.
We entered a name for this backup configuration and checked the Activate this
backup policy box, to ensure that it will run.
Command before and after backup
It is necessary to run the scripts which start and stop any processes which have opened the files in the data to be backed up, and we set this up in the screen shown here. We checked the
Exe-cute command if backup fails box to ensure that everything would be re-started for the next day.
The commands run by Command before and Command after must return a zero error code, otherwise Arkeia Smart Backup will assume the command failed (even if it did not). If the command returns nothing, Arkeia Smart Backup assumes it failed.
Disaster recovery
If you have an Arkeia Disaster Recovery (DR) plugin license, check the Disaster
recovery info allowed box, if this data is to be part of your DR backup data set. This will ensure that details needed for DR will be included in the backup data set.
Incremental > Differential
Check this box if you want the daily backup operation to be a differential backup, which will capture in each backup data set the files changed since the last total backup. We wanted the data set from this backup to contain files changed since the last incremental backup, or last total backup whichever is the more recent, so this box is left clear.
Advanced parameters
If it is necessary to set a parameter before running the backup
opera-tion, click on , enter
the parameter and its value and add it to the list. This is sometimes required when using Arkeia plugins to make hot backups. We had no parameters to set, so we clicked on
to continue creating the backup configuration.
In the next screen, we double-clicked on the client computer displayed in the list, and drilled down by double-clicking through the directory tree to find the data we wanted to include in this backup configuration.
In this screen, we added the data to be backed up, by clicking on the directory to highlight it, then clicking on
. We could have selected individual files from directories in the same way.
We clicked on to
save the backup configura-tion. Arkeia Smart Backup then logged a new tape, giv-ing it a name based on the backup configuration: sports_centre_total_Tape_1.
Note that this time, we were not asked if we wanted the backup to start immediately, because it is a scheduled periodic backup.
After clicking OK in the new tape notifica-tion, the Backups management screen listed the backup configuration, and its creation date (mm/dd/yy format).
When the total backup job we have just created first runs, Arkeia Smart Backup will select an unused tape in the tape library, label it sports_centre_total Tape 1, insert it into the drive and start the backup job. If the tape is filled before the backup job is completed, a second tape will be selected from unused tapes in the library, labeled then inserted, and the backup job will continue.
A new tape will be requested for the first backup at each change in level. In our example, a new tape will be used for the first weekly total backup job, and for each new weekly total backup job. The same applies to the daily incremental backups.
Modify an existing backup configuration
On one weekend during school vacations, the sports club holds an overnight "gym camp" for children, to give their parents a one night break. We did not want the backup to run on that night because the results recording system will be in use, so we edited the backup configuration to make an exception for one night.
We clicked on to display the Backups management screen, highlighted the
sports_centre_total backup in the list then clicked on to open the wiz-ard again, and clicked on reach the backup schedule screen.
Here, we clicked on to
display a calendar for the current month. The gym camp is on the weekend of 20/21 May, and the backup for that night is scheduled to start after midnight on the 20th, so we clicked on the 21st to cancel the backup for this on day.
We clicked on Ok, and clicked through the wizard screens to save the changed backup configuration.
When we were returned to the Backups management screen, we clicked on
to see the calen-dar of scheduled backup operations. We un-checked the Show all box, and selected sports_centre_total backup from the list. In this calendar, we see that no backup is scheduled for May 21, the other backups remain unchanged.
You can also double-click on the date next to the backup listed against the backup title in the Backups management screen.
Next
Backup to disk
Some or all of the backup data sets you create can be stored on a disk drive which is accessible to the Arkeia Smart Backup server. Arkeia achieves this by simulat-ing a tape library on the disk drive. Naturally, there are some differences between backup to tape and backup to disk, since there is no physical tape, tape drive or library.
• You cannot delete a single "tape", you can only delete the entire set of tapes contained in the simulated tape library.
• A new tape will be allocated to each new backup configuration when it is created. The data sets from repeated backup operations using the same backup configuration will be put on this tape until it is filled, then a new tape will be opened. Backup data sets from different configurations will never share the same tape.
Create a tape library on disk
Interactive backup jobs, and the backup jobs in a periodic backup cycle, will often require more than one tape. Since there is no way of "inserting a tape into the tape drive" when backing up to disk, it is necessary to set up a simulated tape library to do the tape changes.
Click on to reach the
Backup devices management
screen, then to
see the Backup to disk
con-figuration screen. We left ours with the default configu-ration, but you may want to change the configurable ele-ments.
Total space If you are only backing up to disk, you may want to change this to equal the amount of space for which you have a license.
Number of tapes Arkeia Smart Backup will divide the total space you selected between the Number of tapes, or
Capacity Arkeia Smart Backup will make as many tapes of the capacity you specify as it can to use the Total space specified.
Path Enter the path name to the disk on which the backup data sets will be stored.
We clicked on Create to add this simulated tape library to the list of storage devices, and saw
ARKEIA_DISK_STORAGE in the list. Clicking on this list entry opened the Backup
device management screen, which is the same as for a real tape library. Creating a backup configuration which uses ARKEIA_DISK_STORAGE is the same as was described in the last section Backup using a tape library on page 39.
Here is an example of a list of backups managed by
Arkeia Smart Backup. There are five backup configura-tions, two of which are peri-odic backups with the date of the next scheduled backup operation showing. The remaining three are interac-tive backups which can be started manually at any time.
This is the Tapes
manage-ment screen from the same server, showing a tape allo-cated to each backup config-uration. The tape for the
Accounts backup is high-lighted and its Tape
infor-mation is displayed.
Tapes are recycled in the usual way, described in the section Tape Management
on page 57.
Delete a disk-based tape library
Click on to reach theBackup devices management
screen, highlight the name of the disk-based tape library to delete then click on . All the
associated files which represent the "tapes" will be deleted from the server’s hard drive.
Next
That covers the common combinations of equipment and backup type. Next we will look at restoring files from a backup.
Restore data
An obvious point, but one which needs to be made, is that you can only restore data if you can find it on a tape cartridge. This means that tape cartridges need to be labeled and put in a place where they can be found. Arkeia Smart Backup will tell you what tape contains the data you want to restore, using the label title given to you when you created the backup data set.
Restore a file or directory
A new clerical assistant in the Arkeia Sports Centre administration office spent a day entering data from membership forms into the membership records. Unfortu-nately, due to various problems of communication, the current member data and the non-current member data has been mixed up. The manager thinks it would be better to restore the files to their last known correct state, and re-enter the new data.
The last good copy of this data is in the weekly total backup data set, so we need to:
1. find the files to restore;
2. find the backup data set containing those files;
3. find the tape cartridge containing the backup data set.
This is an example of a restoration from a single tape drive system. We clicked on to start the process.
In the Restore window, there are two ways of finding files:
• Navigation • Search
We chose Navigation, and clicked to see the backup data sets available in the drop list
