CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Oxygen and nutrients are

transported to cells of the body by the circulatory system.

• Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the cells by the circulatory system. • These substances are

transported by the blood. Blood reaches the trillions of cells in the body through a large

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THE HEART

• Blood is pumped

through your blood

vessels by your heart. • Atria: upper chamber of

the heart. Receives

blood as it returns to the heart.

• Ventricles: lower

chambers of the heart. Pumps blood out of the heart.

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1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________ 10. ____________________________ 11. ____________________________ 14. ____________________________ Aorta

Superior Vena Cavae Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Vein Right Atrium Right Ventricle

Inferior Vena Cavae Pulmonary Artery

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BLOOD

VESSELS

• Arteries: Strong, elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Most of the time, they carry

oxygenated blood. Except for pulmonary arteries that carry

deoxygenated blood to the lungs. • Veins: carry blood back to the

heart. Usually carries

deoxygenated blood. Except for pulmonary veins. The bring

oxygenated blood back to the heart to get transported to the rest of the body.

• Capillaries: connect arteries and veins. The thin walls of the

capillaries allow oxygen and

nutrients to diffuse form the blood into nearby cells and carbon

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PATH OF BLOOD:

Deoxygenated blood returns to

the heart through the venae

cavae. Blood then flows from

right atrium to right ventricle

through pulmonary arteries to

the lungs to pick up oxygen.

Oxygenated blood returns to the

heart through pulmonary

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HEARTBEAT AND BLOOD

PRESSURE

• Each heartbeat consists of two phases.

• Both atria contract, pumping blood into the ventricles.

• Both ventricles contract, pumping blood into the arteries.

• With each heartbeat, a gush of blood pushes against artery walls.

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BLOOD AND LYMPH

• Functions of Blood:

– Helps control body temperature: As blood flows to muscles and organs, it absorbs the heat released by metabolism. The body needs to get rid of this heat. Blood vessels in the skin expand, and blood flow to the skin increases. The opposite happens when weather is cold. The blood vessels in the skin contract, reducing blood flow. Blood flows deeper in the body, away fro the cold air so little heat is lost.

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PARTS OF BLOOD

• Blood is part liquid and

part solid. The solid part

is called platelets and is a

mixture of different cells,

cell pieces, and proteins.

Platelets help to repair

injured blood vessels.

• Plasma: liquid part of

blood and is mostly water.

Also contains glucose,

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RED BLOOD CELLS

• Oxygen is carried on red blood cells. Red blood cells get their color and ability to carry

oxygen from an iron containing molecule called hemoglobin. There are about 300 million hemoglobin molecules in one red blood cell. Red blood cells lose their nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria as they

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS:

Leukocytes

• Fight infection. Some

white blood cells circulate

the blood in search of

viruses or bacteria. Other

white blood cells are

found in the liver and

spleen and filter out dead

red blood cells. Another

kind of white blood cells

releases special proteins

that fight infection.

Leukocytes increase in

number to fight off

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BLOOD CLOTTING

• When a blood vessel is

damaged, platelets in the

blood immediately begin

to stick to the vessel wall

at the point of injury. A

small clump forms. If the

cut is large, the platelets

release a chemical that

causes the damaged

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BLOOD

TYPES

• There are chemical differences

in blood caused by the

presence of certain molecules on the surface of the red blood cells.

– Type A: A antigens – Type B: B antigens

– Type AB: A and B antigens – Type O: no antigens

• Four blood types: A, B, AB, O • Type O blood is a universal

donor.

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• Collects and returns extra

liquid to the circulatory

system.

• Lymphatic systems relies

on the muscles to move

the lymph through the

vessels.

• Lymphatic system also

contains lymph nodes

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RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM

1. nose 2. mouth

3. larynx

4. lung

5. Right bronchus

6. diaphragm

pharynx

trachea

Left bronchus

bronchiole

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REPSPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Path of Air: mouth/nose -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea ->

bronchi-> alveoli

• Nose: filters air

• Larynx: voice box

• Diaphragm: expands and contracts lungs

• Trachea: air tube

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GAS EXCHANGE

• A capillary network

surrounds the alveoli.

The exchange of

oxygen and carbon

dioxide between the

blood and the air

takes place at the

aveoli. This

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BREATHING

• Inhale: Rib muscles contract,

pulling the ribs up and out and

expanding the chest and the

diaphragm contracts and

flattens. Air rushes into the

lungs.

• Exhale: Rib muscles relax,

moving ribs down an din and

diaphragm relaxes. This

increases air pressure in the

lungs which forces air out.

• Breathing is controlled by the

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EXCRETORY SYSTEM

• Excretion: process of removing wastes from the body.

• Kidneys: main organs of excretion. Blood flows in the kidney

through an artery.

• Nephron o is the blood filtering unit of the kidney. A nephron

consists of a network of capillaries and a collecting tube. In

the nephron capillaries, a liquid moves from the blood into

the collecting tube. Blood cells, proteins, and molecules too

large to pass through the capillary walls remain in the

bloodstream. The liquid flows through collecting tube.

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