Physics (Academic) 0344

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Radnor High School Course Syllabus

Credits: 1.0 Grades:

Weighted: Unweighted Prerequisite: Chemistry

Length: Year Co-requisite: Algebra 2

Format: Daily

Overall Description of Course

Physics is the study of matter and energy and their interactions. The fields of physics covered in the core curriculum include mechanics (motion, forces, energy, and momentum), optics (lenses and mirrors) and electricity (current, voltage, resistance, and circuits). In physics, quantities are measured and mathematical relationships and laws are discovered to better understand the world. All levels of physics are lab-based courses emphasizing the discovery of these laws and relationships. All courses emphasize problem solving and real life

applications.

Common Core Standards

Keystone Connections: Student Objectives:

Physics 344 is an academic level course which approaches physics on a more conceptual level with less emphasis on mathematical relationships. However, some basic mathematical skills are needed for problem solving and laboratory work. The labs and activities help in the understanding of concepts, enhance basic science skills, and require students to organize and interpret data.

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Materials & Texts MATERIALS

 Either a scientific or graphing calculator  Ruler

 Protractor

 Notebook (3-ring)  Notebook paper

TEXTS

II. Materials & Equipment

Text: Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Prentice Hall (2002)

Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES I. Mathematical Concepts 1. Metric System 2. Significant Figures 3. Unit Analysis 4. Graphical Analysis 5. Error Analysis II. Liner Motion

1. Motion in One Dimension 2. Graphing Motion

3. Free Fall

III. Kinematics & Vectors 1. Vectors and Scalars 2. Naming Vectors 3. Vector Operations

IV. Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion 1. Weight vs. Mass

2. Newton’s First Law

3. Newton’s Second Law and Free Body Diagrams 4. Newton’s Third Law

5. Applications of Newton’s Laws including Friction

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V. Motion in 2D 1. Projectile Motion 2. Circular motion

3. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation VI. Work, Power and Energy

1. Work and Power

2. Potential and Kinetic Energy 3. Conservation of Energy VII. Momentum

1. Impulse and Momentum Relationship 2. Conservation of Momentum

3. Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

VIII. Electricity and Magnetism A. Electricity

1. Electrostatics 2. Electric Current 3. Electric Circuits a. Ohm’s Law

b. Series and Parallel Circuits B. Electricity Use & Efficiency

1. Electric Power and Cost of Operating Appliances 2. Electrical Efficiency

3. Alternative energy Sources C. Magnetism

1. Relationship between Electricity and Magnetism 2. Applications of Magnetism

3. Generators and Motors

IX. Waves and Sound

1. Properties and Types of Waves 2. Pendulums

3. Electromagnetic Waves and Spectrum X. Light and Geometric Optics

1. Reflection (mirrors) 2. Refraction

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ASSIGNMENTS

Class work, homework, tests, quizzes, lab work, projects

ASSESSMENTS

V. Assignments & Grading

Evaluation is based on class work, homework, tests, quizzes, lab work, activities, projects, and class participation.

Core Lab Activities

1. Circumference of a Circle (Graphical Analysis) 2. Motion of a Dune Buggy

3. Motion Down an Inclined Plane 4. Free Fall (Acceleration Due to Gravity)

5. Travelling Around Pennsylvania Lab (Vectors Map Exercise) 6. Mass vs. Weight

7. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion 8. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion 9. Friction Lab

10. Projectile Motion Challenge 11. Power Lab

12. Conservation of Energy in Collisions 13. Conservation of Momentum in Collisions 14. Ohm’s Law Lab

15. Getting a Charge Out of Circuits (Series and Parallel Circuits) 16. Efficiency of Appliances

17. Period of a Pendulum 18. Reflection in Plane Mirrors 19. Reflection in Spherical Mirrors 20. Snell’s Law

21. Thin Lenses

V. Assignments & Grading

Terminology

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UNIT: Mathematical Concepts September

Metric System, Significant Figures, Unit Analysis, Graphical Analysis, Error Analysis Common Core Standards

3.1.11.D-Analyze scale as a way of relating concepts and ideas to one another by some measure. 3.1.11.D-Analyze scale as a way of relating concepts and ideas to one another by some measure. 3.1.11.D-Analyze scale as a way of relating concepts and ideas to one another by some measure. S11.A.3.3-Compare and analyze repeated processes or recurring elements in patterns. (Reference: 3.1.10.C, 3.2.10.B) Keystone Connections: Student Objectives: KNOWLEDGE  Base Units  Derived Units

 Metric System (Prefixes)

 Significant Figures – How many places should be used for a measurement / calculation?  Error Analysis - Percent Error & Percent Difference

 The Role of Units in problem-solving

 Unit Analysis – Relationship between different units for the same quantity

 Graphical Analysis – Scale for graphs, Data and data symbols, Physical meaning of slopes

SKILLS

 Know the base SI units

 Explain the relationship between base units and derived units

 Identify the unit multiplier for the most common metric prefixes (kilo, milli, centi)  Identify the number of significant figures in a written value

 Write a measurement or calculation to the correct number of significant figures

 Estimate solutions to problems and compare answers to estimations to determine validity of problem-solving technique

 Use scientific notation in calculations

 Distinguish between percent error and percent difference  Calculate the percent error for a measurement or calculation

 Calculate percent difference between two measurements or calculations  Express the proper units for the product or quotient of 2 or more values  Convert a value from one metric unit to another metric unit

 Convert between English and metric units

 Dimensional analysis (unit analysis, label factor)  Select appropriate axes scales for plotting a set of data  Appropriately label the axes of a graph, including units  Accurately plot a value on an X-Y graph

 Identify the appropriate symbol to represent a measurement on a graph  Calculate the slope of a linear best-fit curve, including units

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 Infer the physical meaning of the slope of a plot

TEXTS

Textbook: Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Prentice Hall (2002)

Activities, Assignments, & Assessments ACTIVITIES

ASSIGNMENTS ASSESSMENTS

Circumference of a Circle Lab Unit Test

Terminology

Media, Technology, Web Resources Enduring Understandings

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UNIT: Linear Motion September-October

Motion in One Dimension, Graphing Motion, Free Fall Common Core Standards

S11.C.3.1-Use the principles of motion and force to solve real-world challenges. (Reference: 3.4.10.C, 3.6.10.C)

3.4.11.C-Analyze the principles of force and motion.

S11.A.3.3-Compare and analyze repeated processes or recurring elements in patterns. (Reference: 3.1.10.C, 3.2.10.B) Keystone Connections: Student Objectives: KNOWLEDGE  Distance vs. Displacement  Speed vs. Velocity  Instantaneous speed  Acceleration  Free fall

 Graphs of Motion – Position vs. time & Velocity vs. time SKILLS

 Differentiate between distance and displacement  Calculate displacement for a multi-step trip

 Differentiate between instantaneous speed and average speed  Calculate average speed for a trip

 Calculate the velocity of an object  Differentiate between speed and velocity  Define acceleration in terms of velocity

 Calculate the acceleration of an object moving at constant acceleration  Calculate the displacement of an object moving at constant acceleration  Calculate the velocity of an object moving at constant acceleration  Choose appropriate coordinate systems to solve problems of motion

 Draw and use diagrams and/or particle models to explain motion of objects

 Apply concepts of kinematics to the description of everyday phenomena and technology  Classify free-fall as motion with uniform acceleration

 Define the value of g at the Earth’s surface

 Calculate the displacement and velocity of a dropped object as a function of time in the absence of air resistance

 Determine the position of an object at any time from the plot

 Calculate the average velocity over some time interval from the plot of position vs. time  Determine the velocity of an object at any time from the plot of velocity vs. time

 Calculate the average acceleration over some time interval from the plot of position vs. time

 Calculate the displacement of an object by finding the area under a velocity vs. time graph

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 2

Motion of a Dune Buggy Lab Motion Down an Inclined Plane Lab

Free Fall Lab (Acceleration Due to Gravity) Unit Test

Terminology

Acceleration Free fall Velocity

Average speed Speed Distance

Time Instantaneous speed Displacement

Constant velocity Constant acceleration Acceleration due to gravity Media, Technology, Web Resources

Enduring Understandings Essential Questions

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UNIT: Kinematics and Vectors October

Vectors and Scalars, Naming Vectors, Vector Operations Common Core Standards

Keystone Connections: Student Objectives: KNOWLEDGE

 What is a vector? What is a Scalar?  Naming vectors  Negative vector  Addition of Vectors  Subtraction of vector  Vector Components SKILLS

 Use the Pythagorean theorem in problem-solving  Identify the properties of a vector

 Draw a vector to scale and in the appropriate direction  Determine the magnitude and direction from a drawn vector  Add vectors mathematically and graphically

 Calculate the components of vectors and use them to find the vector sum

TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 3

Traveling Around Pennsylvania Lab Unit Test

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Terminology

Vector Vector component

scalar Resultant

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UNIT: Forces & Newton’s Law November

Weight vs. Mass, Newton’s First Law, Newton’s Second Law and Free Body Diagrams, Newton’s Third Law, Applications of Newton’s Laws including Friction

Keystone Connections: Student Objectives: KNOWLEDGE  Weight  Friction  Mass  Inertia

 Newton’s First Law  Newton’s Second Law  Newton’s Third Law SKILLS

 Predict the reaction/movement of an object based on the law of inertia  Distinguish between mass and weight

 Calculate the weight of a mass on other planets

 State the relationship between acceleration and net force  State the relationship between acceleration and mass

 State and explain Newton's second law and use it to solve problems  Account for the effects of friction on motion

 Show how the presence of air resistance leads to a terminal velocity for falling objects  Differentiate between static and kinetic friction

 Determine the equilibrant force given a number of concurrent forces acting on an object  Identify action-reaction pairs in problems involving forces.

 Draw the free body diagram for an object

 Analyze and solve equilibrium applications of Newton’s Laws  Analyze and solve non-equilibrium applications of Newton’s Laws.

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 4, 5, 6

ASSIGNMENTS ASSESSMENTS Mass vs. Weight Lab

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion Lab Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion Lab Friction Lab

Unit Test

Terminology

Equilibrium Net Force Inverse Relationship

Force Newton Newton’s 2nd Law

Friction Newton’s 1st Law Terminal Velocity

Inertia Normal Force Newton’s 3rd Law

Kilogram Weight Action Force

Law of Inertia Air Resistance Reaction Force

Mass FBD Action/Reaction Pair

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UNIT: Motion in 2D December

Projectile Motion, Circular motion, Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Common Core Standards

S11.A.3.3-Compare and analyze repeated processes or recurring elements in patterns. (Reference: 3.1.10.C, 3.2.10.B) Keystone Connections: Student Objectives: KNOWLEDGE  Projectile Motion  Relative Velocity

 Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion  Centripetal acceleration

 Centripetal force

 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation  Satellite

 Gravity SKILLS

 Apply concepts of kinematics to the description of everyday phenomena and technology  Describe the path of an object for projectile motion

 Describe the velocity and acceleration at the highest point in the path of an upwardly launched projectile

 Calculate the velocity and position of a projectile at any time after launch

 Show that the horizontal component of an object’s motion has no effect on the vertical component of motion

 Define centripetal acceleration and explain its dependence on the speed of an object and the radius of the circle

 Explain why a banked curve helps a car negotiate a turn

 Apply concepts of linear and circular dynamics to the description of everyday phenomena and technology

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 3, 9, 12

Projectile Motion Challenge Lab Unit Test

Terminology

Projectile Rotation Linear speed

Centripetal force Revolution Rotational speed

Centrifugal Force axis Tangential speed

Law of Universal Gravitation G- Universal Gravitational Constant Media, Technology, Web Resources

Enduring Understandings Essential Questions

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UNIT: Work, Power and Energy January

Work and Power, Potential and Kinetic Energy, Conservation of Energy Common Core Standards

S11.C.2.1-Analyze energy sources and transfer of energy, or conversion of energy. (Reference: 3.4.10.B) S11.C.2.1-Analyze energy sources and transfer of energy, or conversion of energy. (Reference: 3.4.10.B)

 Work done by a constant force  The work-energy principle

 Conservative and Non-conservative forces  Power

 Conservation of Mechanical energy SKILLS

 Calculate the amount of work done by a constant force, and will know that it is a scalar quantity

 Define work as it relates to a change in energy of an object

 Identify specific types of conservative and non-conservative forces (ex. Gravity, friction, air resistance)

 Calculate the kinetic energy of an object  Calculate the potential energy of an object

 Identify the difference between work or energy and power and calculate the power used  Solve problems using the law of conservation of energy

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 8

ASSIGNMENTS ASSESSMENTS Power Lab

Conservation of Energy in Collisions Lab Unit Test

Terminology

Efficiency Mechanical Energy Power

Energy Kinetic Energy Work

Joule Potential Energy Watt

Law of Conservation of Energy Media, Technology, Web Resources Enduring Understandings

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UNIT: Momentum February

Impulse and Momentum Relationship, Conservation of Momentum, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

3.8.11.C-Evaluate the consequences and impacts of scientific and technological solutions.

 Linear momentum

 Conservation of momentum  Collisions and impulse

 Applications of collision and impulse  Safety equipment

 Elastic and Inelastic collisions  Conservation of momentum

SKILLS

 Define linear momentum

 Use the concept of momentum to solve problems of one-dimensional motion  Understand that linear momentum is a vector quantity.

 Understand the conservation of momentum of a system of objects, and apply it to solve problems involving collisions

 Explain rocket and jet propulsion in terms of the conservation of momentum.  Define impulse, and understand how it relates to an object's change in momentum  Apply the concept of impulse to understand why cars have airbags, and athletes wear

padding and helmets.

 Understand the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions and provide examples of each type of collision

 Measure the change in momentum of objects involved in collision, and determine from the data the type of collision that occurred.

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 7

Video-High Speed Impact ASSIGNMENTS

ASSESSMENTS

Conservation of Momentum in Collisions Lab Unit Test

Terminology

Conserved Elastic collision impulse

momentum Ineleastic collision

Law of Conservation of Momentum Media, Technology, Web Resources Enduring Understandings

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UNIT: Electricity and Magnetism March-April

Electricity: Electrostatics, Electric Current, Electric Circuits, Ohm’s Law, Series and Parallel Circuits Electricity Use & Efficiency: Electric Power and Cost of Operating Appliances, Electrical Efficiency, Alternative energy Sources

Magnetism: Relationship between Electricity and Magnetism, Applications of Magnetism, Generators and Motors

S11.C.1.1-Explain the relationship between the structure and properties of matter. (Reference: 3.4.10.A) 3.4.11.A-Apply concepts about the structure and properties of matter.

S11.C.2.2-Demonstrate that different ways of obtaining, transforming, and distributing energy have different environmental consequences. (Reference: 3.4.10.B, 4.8.10.C, 4.2.10.A)

S11.C.2.1-Analyze energy sources and transfer of energy, or conversion of energy. (Reference: 3.4.10.B)

S11.D.1.2-Analyze how human-made systems impact the management and distribution of natural resources. (Reference: 4.2.10.C, 3.5.10.B, 3.6.10.A)

S11.C.2.1-Analyze energy sources and transfer of energy, or conversion of energy. (Reference: 3.4.10.B) 3.8.11.C-Evaluate the consequences and impacts of scientific and technological solutions.

S11.C.2.2-Demonstrate that different ways of obtaining, transforming, and distributing energy have different environmental consequences. (Reference: 3.4.10.B, 4.8.10.C, 4.2.10.A)

 Charged objects and the electric forces they exert.  Charge in the atom (electron, proton, neutron)  Static electricity

 Electroscope

 Insulators and Conductors

 Movement of charge (induction and conduction)  Coulomb’s Law

 Relationship between charge and voltage  The electric battery

 Electromotive force and current

 Ohm’s Law and the measurement of current, voltage, and resistance.  Electric Power

 Electrical Applications

 Power in household circuits, Safety and the physiological effects of current  Resistors in series and parallel

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 Ammeter & voltmeter  DC circuits

 Magnets and magnetic fields  Electric motors

 right-hand rule

SKILLS

 Solve problems relating to charge an electrostatic force

 Identify materials that are good insulators and materials that are good conductors  Explain why certain materials will conduct well and why other materials are poor

conductors.

 Apply Coulomb's Law to solve problems involving charge distribution.  Define and calculate electric potential difference

 Describe Ohm's law and how it relates to the resistance of current flow.  Calculate the power of various electrical components

 Apply electrostatic and electrodynamics concepts to the description of everyday phenomena and technology.

 Explain how a circuit breaker protects a household circuit

 Calculate the power consumption of several typical household appliances  Calculate the cost of electricity consumed in a household.

 Describe a series and a parallel circuit and explain the difference between the two types of circuits

 Calculate current, voltage drops, and equivalent resistance for devices connected in series and in parallel

 Differentiate between the earth's magnetic north pole and its geographic north pole  Understand how objects become magnetized

 Define domains as they relate to magnetic objects.

 Explain how a changing magnetic field produces an electric current  Construct a simple electric motor.

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37

ASSIGNMENTS ASSESSMENTS Ohm’s Law Lab

Getting a Charge Out of Circuits Lab (Series and Parallel Circuits) Efficiency of Appliances Lab

Unit Test Terminology

Charge Induced Direct Current Voltage source

Conductor Induction Ampere Circuit

Coulomb Insulator Electric current Parallel circuit

Coulomb’s Law Semiconductor Electric power Series circuit Electrical force Superconductor Electric resistance Circuit diagram

Electrically polarized Volt Ohm Electromagnet

Electrostatics Voltage Ohm’s law Magnetic domain

grounding Alternating current Electric Efficiency Magnetic field

Magnetic pole generator motor battery

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UNIT: Waves and Sound May

Properties and Types of Waves, Pendulums, Electromagnetic Waves and Spectrum Common Core Standards

 Wave Motion

 Wave characteristics: Period, Frequency, amplitude, velocity  Types of Waves: transverse wave, longitudinal wave

 Transmision of energy

 Reflection and interference of waves  Standing waves

 Node/antinode  Simple pendulum SKILLS

 Explain the transfer of energy using wave motion

 Apply the concepts of wave motion, sound, and resonance to the description of everyday phenomena and technology.

 Identify and provide examples of transverse and longitudinal waves  Relate wave speed, wavelength, and frequency

 Identify constructive and destructive wave interference  Locate the nodes and antinodes in a standing wave model.  Understand the kinematics of simple harmonic motion  Identify sound as a longitudinal wave

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 25

Period of a Pendulum Lab Unit Test

Terminology

Amplitude Frequency Transverse wave

Antinode Hertz Period

Constructive interference Longitudinal wave node

crest trough Wavelength

wave Destructive interference

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UNIT: Light and Geometric Options May-June

Reflection (mirrors), Refraction, Lenses Common Core Standards

3.8.11.C-Evaluate the consequences and impacts of scientific and technological solutions.

 The wave nature of light  The particle nature of light

 Reflection: Plane & spherical mirrors  Images: Real and Virtual

 Ray diagram  Index of refraction  Snell’s Law

 The formation of images by lenses  The Human Eye

 Prisms and Rainbows SKILLS

 Apply the ray model of light to locate images on a plane mirror  Confirm experimentally the Law of Reflection

 Describe the role of reflection in common technologies.

 Locate images formed by concave and convex mirrors using light rays  Differentiate between real images and virtual images

 Recognize that light travels at different speeds through different media  Use Snell's Law to determine the index of refraction of different media  Describe the role of refraction in common technologies.

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TEXTS

Textbook: Chapter 29, 30

Reflection in Plane Mirrors Lab Reflection in Spherical Mirrors Lab Snell’s Law Lab

Thin Lenses Lab Unit Test

Terminology

Angle of incidence Normal Real image

Angle of reflection Reflection Concave

Dispersion Refraction Convex

Law of reflection Virtual image Converging lens

Diverging lens Focal point Radius of curvature

lens mirror Principal axis