Tutorial - TM - Version 1.2b

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TraceMetrics

Guide 1.2 b

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Tracemetrics Tutorial

Release 1.2.0 b

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Content

1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION ... ... ... 5... 5 2 GETTING STARTED ... 6 2 GETTING STARTED ... 6 2.1 2.1 DDOWNLOADINGOWNLOADINGTTRACEMETRICSRACEMETRICS ... 6 ... 6

2.1.1 Getting the JAR 2.1.1 Getting the JAR package ...package ... ... ... 66

2.1.2 Getting the sourc 2.1.2 Getting the source code e code ... 6... 6

2.1.2.1 2.1.2.1 Compiling the source code ... 7Compiling the source code ... 7

3 RUNNING TRACEMETRICS ... 8

3.1 3.1 RRUNNING THEUNNING THE JAR ... JAR ... 8... 8

3.2 3.2 CCOMMAND LINE OPTIONSOMMAND LINE OPTIONS ... 9 ... 9

3.2.1 Nimbus ... 3.2.1 Nimbus ... ... 9... 9

3.2.2 More memory ... 3.2.2 More memory ... ... 9... 9

3.2.3 No splash screen at start-up ... 9

4 ANALYZING A TRACE ... 10

4.1 4.1 CCHOOSING THE TRACE FILEHOOSING THE TRACE FILE... 10... 10

4.2 4.2 AANALYZING THE TRACE FILENALYZING THE TRACE FILE ... 13 ... 13

4.3 4.3 TTRACEFILE FORMATRACEFILE FORMAT... 13... 13

5 ANALYZING THE OUTPUT 5 ANALYZING THE OUTPUT ... ... ... 15... 15

5.1 5.1 TTHEHESSIMULATION TABIMULATION TAB ... 15 ... 15

5.2 5.2 TTHEHENNODES TABODES TAB ... 16 ... 16

5.3 5.3 TTHEHETTHROUGHPUTHROUGHPUT// GGOODPUT TABOODPUT TAB ... 17 ... 17

5.4 5.4 TTHEHELLITTLEITTLE’’SSRRESULT TABESULT TAB ... 18 ... 18

5.5 5.5 TTHEHESSTREAMS TABTREAMS TAB ... 19 ... 19

5.5.1 Stream d 5.5.1 Stream details – TCetails – TCP P ... 20... 20

5.5.2 Stream details – 5.5.2 Stream details – UCP UCP ... 22... 22

6 EXPORT GRAPHICS 6 EXPORT GRAPHICS ... ... ... 23... 23

6.1 6.1 UUSING THE TRACEMETRICS INTERFACESING THE TRACEMETRICS INTERFACE... 24... 24

6.1.1 General options ... 25

6.1.2 Type of graphic ... 27

6.1.3 Smooth, styles a 6.1.3 Smooth, styles and other optionnd other options s ... 31... 31

6.1.4 Graphic 6.1.4 Graphic View View ... ... 3535 6.2 6.2 SSAVING YOUR SCRIPTAVING YOUR SCRIPT ... 37 ... 37

6.3 6.3 LLOADING YOUR SCRIPT ON GNUPLOTOADING YOUR SCRIPT ON GNUPLOT ... 38 ... 38

6.4 6.4 KKNOWING THE SCRIPTNOWING THE SCRIPT ... 39 ... 39

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11 Introduction

Introduction

The Tracemetrics tool is a trace file analyzer for the

The Tracemetrics tool is a trace file analyzer for the ns-3ns-3 simulator. The purpose of simulator. The purpose of this tool is to perform a practical analysis of the trace file produced by a simulation this tool is to perform a practical analysis of the trace file produced by a simulation and, as result, show some interesting metrics on performance of the simulated and, as result, show some interesting metrics on performance of the simulated scenario.

scenario.

The goal of this tutorial is to introduce the tool and present the ways to The goal of this tutorial is to introduce the tool and present the ways to perform the analysis and interpret the results.

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22 Getting Started

Getting Started

2.1 2.1 Downloading Tracemetrics

Downloading Tracemetrics

In order to download the Tracemetrics you can access the project’s SourceForge page: In order to download the Tracemetrics you can access the project’s SourceForge page: http://sourceforg

http://sourceforge.net/projecte.net/projects/tracemetrics/s/tracemetrics/

Take some time to check the release sections news and

Take some time to check the release sections news and supported protocolssupported protocols at the at the Tracemetrics website to see the new features and to see if the tool already support the Tracemetrics website to see the new features and to see if the tool already support the protocols you will use.

protocols you will use. To get the tool you

To get the tool you have two options:have two options: get the JAR package or to get the sourceget the JAR package or to get the source code.

code.

Make sure you have the JRE or JDK version 5 or later. Make sure you have the JRE or JDK version 5 or later.

2.1.1 2.1.1 Getting the JAR package

Getting the JAR package

This way is the most simple. Just access the following link: This way is the most simple. Just access the following link: http://sourceforg

http://sourceforge.net/projecte.net/projects/tracemetrics/s/tracemetrics/ and get the latest version. There is also and get the latest version. There is also the MD5 checksum so you

the MD5 checksum so you can verify the file can verify the file integrityintegrity..

2.1.2 2.1.2 Getting the source code

Getting the source code

Just

Just accessaccess http://sourceforghttp://sourceforge.net/projects/te.net/projects/tracemetrics/filracemetrics/files/sourcecode/es/sourcecode/ andand download the tarball.

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2.1.2.1

2.1.2.1 Compiling the source code

Compiling the source code

The tool has developed using the Netbeans IDE and it uses the Ant tool to compile the The tool has developed using the Netbeans IDE and it uses the Ant tool to compile the code.

code.

In the case, you do not want to use Netbeans IDE you can just use the Ant tool. In the case, you do not want to use Netbeans IDE you can just use the Ant tool. Enter in the directory created after unzipping and type:

Enter in the directory created after unzipping and type: $ ant build.xml

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3.1 3.1 Running the

Running the

In or

In order tder to run to run the JARhe JAR, ent, entee

$ java -jar TraceMetrics.ja $ java -jar TraceMetrics.ja

The splash screen of figure 1 The splash screen of figure 1

unning Trace

AR

the

the distdist di dirrecectotoryry. H. Herere ye you ou cacan fn finind td the he JJ

r& r&

will be displayed, and the program will be will be displayed, and the program will be

igure 1: Splash screen of

igure 1: Splash screen of TracemetricsTracemetrics

33 etrics

etrics

R file. Now type: R file. Now type:

loaded. loaded.

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3.2 3.2 Command line options

Command line options

3.2.1 3.2.1 Nimbus

Nimbus

In case you

In case you prefer a more beautiful GUI you can prefer a more beautiful GUI you can add the argument:add the argument:

-Dswing.defaultlaf=javax.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel -Dswing.defaultlaf=javax.swing.plaf.nimbus.NimbusLookAndFeel

3.2.2 3.2.2 More memory

More memory

Sometimes the output trace is large and analyzing it will use more memory space. Sometimes the output trace is large and analyzing it will use more memory space. If you get the error

If you get the error java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space you should consider usingyou should consider using this option. You will enter with any number that you want. You should not pass more this option. You will enter with any number that you want. You should not pass more than the available memory.

than the available memory.

-Xmx4096m -Xmx4096m

This option will set the

This option will set the maximum size of 4096MB or 4GB.maximum size of 4096MB or 4GB.

3.2.3 3.2.3 No splash screen at start-up

No splash screen at start-up

You can run the jar with option

You can run the jar with option --no-splash--no-splashoror --ns --ns to ignore splash screen and goto ignore splash screen and go directly to program.

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44 Analyzing a trace

Analyzing a trace

4.1 4.1 Choosing the trace file

Choosing the trace file

After the main screen appear, you can choose the trace file by clicking on File > Choose After the main screen appear, you can choose the trace file by clicking on File > Choose file or you can press the shortcut key F2. This menu can be s

file or you can press the shortcut key F2. This menu can be seen on figure 2.een on figure 2.

Figure 2: Choose file option Figure 2: Choose file option

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The window to choose the file will open in the execution path. You can freely go The window to choose the file will open in the execution path. You can freely go through the directories. After choosing the file, just click on the Open button. The choose through the directories. After choosing the file, just click on the Open button. The choose window will close. The chooser windows will look like figure

window will close. The chooser windows will look like figure 3.3.

Figure 3: Choose file window Figure 3: Choose file window

After open a file, the screen will show the file details, like figure 4a. If you already After open a file, the screen will show the file details, like figure 4a. If you already performed a previous analysis, an additional button you will

performed a previous analysis, an additional button you will be shown, giving to be shown, giving to you theyou the possibility to back to previously performed analysis, like

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Figure Figure

Figure 4a: File details window Figure 4a: File details window

b: File details window with previous bu b: File details window with previous buttontton

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4.2 4.2 A

An

naally

yzziin

ng

g tth

h

After you have chosen After you have chosen press

press the sthe shorthortcut kecut key F3y F3, o, o lliikke e ffiigguurre e 55. . IIf f iit t ddooees s nnoot t aapp at any moment; the partial at any moment; the partial guaranteed.

guaranteed.

4.3 4.3 Tracefile for

Tracefile for

Tr

Tracaceememetrtricics ls let et uus ms maa d

deessiigngneed fd foor sr soomme oe onne se sppeecc O

On n a a ..ttr r ffiillee, , wwiilll l bbe e ffoo If

If sosome me alalteteraratitionons ts thh tracemetrics and will not be tracemetrics and will not be If some new protocol If some new protocol sim

simulatulationions, ts, tracracemeemetrictrics tos to

trace file

the file, start the analysis through

the file, start the analysis through FFiille e >>

the button

the button Execute analysisExecute analysis. . A pA prrooggrreesss s bb pear,

pear, somesomething thing wronwrong hapg happened. pened. You You caca result will be shown, but the integrity result will be shown, but the integrity

Figure 5: progress bar window Figure 5: progress bar window

at

k

ke e ssoomme e vvaarriioouus s ttyyppees s oof f ffiilleess, , aannd d ttrraaccee fic output file.

fic output file. nd

nd sosome sme strtrucuctuture ore of df data ata as fas folollolows iws in tn t at g

at geneenerate rate an ian invalnvalid tid tracracefiefile, le, cercertain tain ww possible to continue on analysis.

possible to continue on analysis. suppo

supported brted by ns3 but y ns3 but not by tnot by tracemeracemetrictric will not accomplish analysis.

will not accomplish analysis.

Execute analysis Execute analysis oror

ar should appear, ar should appear, n stop the analysis n stop the analysis of analysis is not of analysis is not

etrics is be etrics is be he next text box. he next text box. ill be catch by ill be catch by s are used for s are used for

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Format of a

Format of a valid tracefile for tracemetrics.valid tracefile for tracemetrics.

+ 1.00819 /NodeList/0/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/TxQueue/Enqueue ns3::EthernetHeader ( + 1.00819 /NodeList/0/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/TxQueue/Enqueue ns3::EthernetHeader ( length/type=0x806, source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: length/type=0x806, source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: 00-06-00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer 00-06-00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer (fcs=0)

(fcs=0)

- 1.00819 /NodeList/0/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/TxQueue/Dequeue ns3::EthernetHeader ( - 1.00819 /NodeList/0/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/TxQueue/Dequeue ns3::EthernetHeader ( length/type=0x806, source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: length/type=0x806, source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: 00-06-00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer 00-06-00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer (fcs=0)

(fcs=0)

r 1.01029 /NodeList/4/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/MacRx ns3::EthernetHeader ( length/type=0x806, r 1.01029 /NodeList/4/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/MacRx ns3::EthernetHeader ( length/type=0x806, source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: 00-06-00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer (fcs=0) 00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer (fcs=0) r 1.0124 /NodeList/1/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/MacRx ns3::EthernetHeader ( length/type=0x806, r 1.0124 /NodeList/1/DeviceList/0/$ns3::CsmaNetDevice/MacRx ns3::EthernetHeader ( length/type=0x806, source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: source=00:00:00:00:00:01, destination=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) ns3::ArpHeader (request source mac: 00-06-00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer (fcs=0) 00:00:00:00:00:01 source ipv4: 10.1.1.1 dest ipv4: 10.1.1.2) Payload (size=18) ns3::EthernetTrailer (fcs=0)

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55 Analyzing the output

Analyzing the output

After having finished the analysis, the tabs will be filled with the results. This section will After having finished the analysis, the tabs will be filled with the results. This section will go through the tabs and

go through the tabs and explain the data shown.explain the data shown.

5.1 5.1 The Simulation tab

The Simulation tab

This tab shows the general details about the analysis, such as the absolute path to This tab shows the general details about the analysis, such as the absolute path to the analyzed file, number of lines on the trace file, packet counters, simulation time and the analyzed file, number of lines on the trace file, packet counters, simulation time and analysis time. An example is represented in

analysis time. An example is represented in Figure 6.Figure 6.

Figure 6: The Simulation tab Figure 6: The Simulation tab

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5.2 5.2 The Nodes ta

The Nodes ta

This tab has a list of This tab has a list of details appear in the text details appear in the text sim

simulaulatition on to to the the matmathehematmaticic The

The optoption ion to sto save ave thth Export buttons. The button Export buttons. The button node. Clicking on ‘Export all’ node. Clicking on ‘Export all’

Figure 7: The Nodes tab Figure 7: The Nodes tab

odes in the simulation. Clicking on one odes in the simulation. Clicking on one area

area. Thein. Theinformformatioation go fron go from the nodm the nod al validation by Little’s Result.

al validation by Little’s Result.

e results is often very useful and it can e results is often very useful and it can ‘Expor

‘Export thist this’ will e’ will export txport the detahe details of tils of thh will export the details of all nodes in the l will export the details of all nodes in the l

ode will make its ode will make its e number in the e number in the

e done using the e done using the e current selected e current selected ist.

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5.3 5.3 The Throughput / Goodput tab

The Throughput / Goodput tab

This tab has the purpose to make it easy to compare the throughput and goodput This tab has the purpose to make it easy to compare the throughput and goodput between the nodes in the

between the nodes in the simulation.simulation.

The data is presented in a table, as shown in Figure 8. The data is presented in a table, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8: The Throughput / Goodput tab Figure 8: The Throughput / Goodput tab

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5.4 5.4 The Little’s Result tab

The Little’s Result tab

As the tab presented before, this tab has the purpose to ease the visualization. Figure As the tab presented before, this tab has the purpose to ease the visualization. Figure 9presents this tab.

9presents this tab.

Figure 9: The Little’s Result tab Figure 9: The Little’s Result tab

In this tab, we can analyze three main things: the Little’s validation, the average In this tab, we can analyze three main things: the Little’s validation, the average size of the queue (E[N]) and the average time spent by each packet in the node (E[W]). size of the queue (E[N]) and the average time spent by each packet in the node (E[W]). This information can be very useful to detect points of overload in the network. The This information can be very useful to detect points of overload in the network. The Lambda column shows the average number of packets send

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5.5 5.5 The Streams t

The Streams t

Thi

This tab ws tab wilill prel present sent thth Fi

Figurgure 10a e 10a we cawe can see tn see this this taa

F F

ab

e re

e resusultlts rs relelatated ed wiwith dth datata sta strereamams ls likike Te T showing data about all TCP streams. showing data about all TCP streams.

igure 10a: The Little’s Result tab - TCP igure 10a: The Little’s Result tab - TCP

P or UDP. In the P or UDP. In the

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F F

It i

It is easy s easy to noto notice ttice thaha o

of f tthhe e oonnees s fofor r tthhe e UDUDP P ssttrree aannd d tthhe e UUDDP P ssttrreeaamms s hhaavve e mm

Thi

This ts tab ab has has the the optoptioio Thisfeature provided Thisfeature provided UDP streams.

UDP streams.

This tab also has the This tab also has the chapter 6 – Export graphics. chapter 6 – Export graphics.

5.5.1 5.5.1 Stream details –

Stream details –

The details presented The details presented

gure 10b: The Little’s Result tab - UDP gure 10b: The Little’s Result tab - UDP

tthhe e iinnffoorrmmaattiioon n pprreesseenntteed d fofor r tthhe e TTCCP P sstt am. The TCP streams have information am. The TCP streams have information

ainly information about dropped packets. ainly information about dropped packets.

to Export the results. to Export the results. b

by y tthe he bbututtoton n StStrreaeam m dedettaiails ls tthrhreaeatts s sesepapa

button

button Export TCP graphicsExport TCP graphics that will bethat will be It is only used with TCP streams.

It is only used with TCP streams.

CP

here are presented in Figure 11a. here are presented in Figure 11a.

eams are different eams are different ainly about delay ainly about delay

ated the TCP and ated the TCP and

explained on the explained on the

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Figure 11a: The Stream details – TCP Figure 11a: The Stream details – TCP

This window presents the details of each packet sent

This window presents the details of each packet sent from one node to other usingfrom one node to other using TCP. The informations are: sequence number, ack number, end-to-end delay, PDV and TCP. The informations are: sequence number, ack number, end-to-end delay, PDV and IPDV (

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5.5.2 5.5.2 Stream details – UCP

Stream details – UCP

Figure 11b: The Stream details - UDP Figure 11b: The Stream details - UDP

The details here cover a

The details here cover a probabilitprobability distribution on drop packets. In y distribution on drop packets. In this case, therethis case, there was none packets dropped, so

was none packets dropped, so the probability of having 0 packets dropped is the probability of having 0 packets dropped is 1.0 or 100%.1.0 or 100%. This window covers the number of dropped packets, the number of sequences that had This window covers the number of dropped packets, the number of sequences that had the same quantity of drops in

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66 Export graphics

Export graphics

The easiest way to analyzethe data of set of each packet, such as delay, pdv or The easiest way to analyzethe data of set of each packet, such as delay, pdv or ipdv it’s with graphics than only with the

ipdv it’s with graphics than only with the list of values. Tracemetrics do not generate anylist of values. Tracemetrics do not generate any graphic alone, but make scripts that can be

graphic alone, but make scripts that can be loaded on the gnuplot.loaded on the gnuplot.

Tracemetrics will only build your script based on options chosen on export TCP Tracemetrics will only build your script based on options chosen on export TCP graphics window.

graphics window.

Gnuplot is a portable command-line driven graphing utility, which can be Gnuplot is a portable command-line driven graphing utility, which can be downloaded on

downloaded on http://www.gnuplot.info/http://www.gnuplot.info/. Support windows, Linux, OSX, and many. Support windows, Linux, OSX, and many others systems.

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6.1 6.1 U

Ussiin

ng

g tth

he

e ttrraacc

T

Thhe e iinntteerrffaacce e hhaavve e ffoouur r pprriinn and

and otheothers ors optioptions ans and mnd makak size of interface is 930 x 660 p size of interface is 930 x 660 p Fi Fi

emetrics interface

ci

cippaal al arereaas, s, GeGennereral al ooptptioionsns, T, Typype oe of gf grraa a view. The interface is shown on figure a view. The interface is shown on figure ixels.

ixels.

ure 12: The interface to configure script ure 12: The interface to configure script

hic, Smooth-style hic, Smooth-style 12. The minimum 12. The minimum

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6.1.1 6.1.1 General options

General options

Figure 13: The “general options” area Figure 13: The “general options” area

On general options area, you configure the title for plot, the name to be shownon On general options area, you configure the title for plot, the name to be shownon X-axis and Y-axis.

X-axis and Y-axis.

On “output format”, gnuplot need to know where they will make a plot, orin an On “output format”, gnuplot need to know where they will make a plot, orin an image or on a terminal. Gnuplot supports many terminals, but Tracemetrics offers only image or on a terminal. Gnuplot supports many terminals, but Tracemetrics offers only the main outputs, such terminals, images files and HTML output. If any terminal that the main outputs, such terminals, images files and HTML output. If any terminal that generated a file as output, the “Auto generate output” will be enabled and can be generated a file as output, the “Auto generate output” will be enabled and can be selected; ifselected, when you save the file, Tracemetrics will try to auto load

selected; ifselected, when you save the file, Tracemetrics will try to auto load the script onthe script on gnuplot and gnuplot will make the output file with graphic

gnuplot and gnuplot will make the output file with graphic image.image. “Enable grid” leaves the graphic with lines that help

“Enable grid” leaves the graphic with lines that help on graphic analysis.on graphic analysis.

“Data to plot” indicates which of calculated metrics must be plotted. On image “Data to plot” indicates which of calculated metrics must be plotted. On image 11a11a of chapter 5

of chapter 5, after you click on the button “Stream details”, a list with all calculated values, after you click on the button “Stream details”, a list with all calculated values is shown. All this values are used to make an image on gnuplot.

is shown. All this values are used to make an image on gnuplot.

You only can plot one at time. If you selected “All streams” to export a graphic, You only can plot one at time. If you selected “All streams” to export a graphic, one specific metric of each

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6.1.1.1 6.1.1.1 C

Ch

haan

ng

giin

ng

g o

ou

uttp

p

The button with a gear, The button with a gear, co

confnfigigururatatioions ns fofor er eacach h tetermrmii

Figure 14: P Figure 14: P

A

Alll l ooppttiioonns s oon n tthhiis s wwii leave the mouse above some leave the mouse above some

t settings

p

peenns s a a nneew w wwiinnddoow w ppoopp--uup p tthhaat t ccoo nal based on a file.

nal based on a file.

op-up window with configurations for te op-up window with configurations for te

d

doow w aarre te trriivviiaal l aannd dd do o nnoot t rreeqquuiirre ee exxppllaann bu

butttton oon or chr chececk bk box aox and gnd get het helelp wp witith toh toolol

ntains the set of ntains the set of

rminals. rminals.

ation, and you can ation, and you can tip texts.

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6.1.2 6.1.2 Type of graphic

Type of graphic

Figure 15: The “type of graphic”

Figure 15: The “type of graphic” area with lines tab selectedarea with lines tab selected

Two types of plot are supported by Tracemetrics interface: lines and histograms. Two types of plot are supported by Tracemetrics interface: lines and histograms. After choosingthe best set of options, when you click on “Generate GNU-Plot Script” a After choosingthe best set of options, when you click on “Generate GNU-Plot Script” a save file dialog will be displayed; Tracemetrics will try to make a name for file based on save file dialog will be displayed; Tracemetrics will try to make a name for file based on name of trace file opened, the actual metric and the actual stream used to generate script. name of trace file opened, the actual metric and the actual stream used to generate script. After savingthe script, automatically, Tracemetrics will generate a file with same name, After savingthe script, automatically, Tracemetrics will generate a file with same name, but with “.dat” extension; this file

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6.1.2.1 6.1.2.1 Line

Line

On graphic line, each value is generally represented by a dot, and is placed On graphic line, each value is generally represented by a dot, and is placed confirming the (x,y) tuple, where x

confirming the (x,y) tuple, where x is the inside time of sis the inside time of simulatioimulation, and y is n, and y is the calculatedthe calculated value.

value.

In the figure 15, you can see the line interface; it is simply formed by three In the figure 15, you can see the line interface; it is simply formed by three principal configurations, the possibility to use logarithmic scale

principal configurations, the possibility to use logarithmic scale11_{on x and y-axis, and the}_{on x and y-axis, and the}

range on x and y-axis. range on x and y-axis.

Log scale on axis Log scale on axis

For logarithmic scale, you can select which axis will be treated, and a custom base For logarithmic scale, you can select which axis will be treated, and a custom base for log scale. If the actual bases on Tracemetrics interface are not useful to you, open the for log scale. If the actual bases on Tracemetrics interface are not useful to you, open the script and edit the line:

script and edit the line:

set log {x | y} <base>; set log {x | y} <base>;

replacing<base> by a convenient number, of defined variable on gnuplot replacing<base> by a convenient number, of defined variable on gnuplot environment, such

environment, such ee..

X Range X Range

On second area configuration of line tab, “X Range”, you will define how On second area configuration of line tab, “X Range”, you will define how gnuplot will show graphic range on X; if you select auto range, gnuplot will start the gnuplot will show graphic range on X; if you select auto range, gnuplot will start the x-axis on zero and will leave a space after

x-axis on zero and will leave a space after maximum xmaximum x value selected;otherwise, the value selected;otherwise, the maximum x value will be placed at right edge of image. All possible values on maximum x value will be placed at right edge of image. All possible values on

minimum x

minimum xandand maximum xmaximum x are discrete values from simulation. are discrete values from simulation.

Y Range Y Range

On third area configuration, y auto range it’s similar to x auto range, if you not select On third area configuration, y auto range it’s similar to x auto range, if you not select auto range, you can manual define the range; Tracemetrics will try to find the best auto range, you can manual define the range; Tracemetrics will try to find the best values for these fields.

values for these fields.

Tics Tics

For both areas, "custom steps between tics" specifies the distance for each tic in For both areas, "custom steps between tics" specifies the distance for each tic in the correspondent axis.

the correspondent axis.

1

1_A_{A logarithmic scale}

logarithmic scale is a scale of measurement that displays the value of a physical quantity using is a scale of measurement that displays the value of a physical quantity using intervals corresponding to orders of magnitude, rather than a standard linear scale.

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6.1.2.2 6.1.2.2 Histogram

Histogram

On histogram graphics, the objective is to quantify inside from all calculated values, a On histogram graphics, the objective is to quantify inside from all calculated values, a specified range of values. To exemplify, imagine the current list values:

specified range of values. To exemplify, imagine the current list values:

TIME PDV TIME PDV 1 0.002 1 0.002 1.03 0.02 1.03 0.02 1.10 0.003 1.10 0.003 1.5 0.005 1.5 0.005 1.8 0.2 1.8 0.2 2 0.005 2 0.005 2.1 0.004 2.1 0.004 2.2 0.003 2.2 0.003

Table 1: Calculated PDV for all times Table 1: Calculated PDV for all times

Suppose that you have to

Suppose that you have to know how many values are know how many values are inside the interval [0~0.003];inside the interval [0~0.003]; for this example, three values are inside and five are out, in other words, 37.5% of values for this example, three values are inside and five are out, in other words, 37.5% of values are in the selected interval and 62.5 are outside from interval. The figure 16represent this are in the selected interval and 62.5 are outside from interval. The figure 16represent this in a graphic:

in a graphic:

Figure 16: Histogram shown in the table abo Figure 16: Histogram shown in the table aboveve

� � ��

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The Tracemetrics interface for histogram is

The Tracemetrics interface for histogram is like figure 17below:like figure 17below:

Figure 17: Histogram tab Figure 17: Histogram tab

You can add as many intervals as needed, but they must meet with the You can add as many intervals as needed, but they must meet with the following criterion:

following criterion:

•

• Should not overlapShould not overlap •

• The end of a range can be at most equal to the start of another intervalThe end of a range can be at most equal to the start of another interval

For example, the intervals [0 ~ 0.2] and [0.2 ~ 0.6] are valid, however, the For example, the intervals [0 ~ 0.2] and [0.2 ~ 0.6] are valid, however, the intervals [0 ~ 0.2] and [0.1 ~ 0.6] are not valid for this type of analysis.

intervals [0 ~ 0.2] and [0.1 ~ 0.6] are not valid for this type of analysis.

To verify if a value is inside of an interval, Tracemetrics verifies if value is To verify if a value is inside of an interval, Tracemetrics verifies if value is greater or equal than begins and minor then end. In other words:

greater or equal than begins and minor then end. In other words: Begin <= Value < End

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IMPORTANT:

IMPORTANT: Tracemetrics does not forbids you to do this. Tracemetrics onlyTracemetrics does not forbids you to do this. Tracemetrics only requires that you insert a crescent interval, such [0 ~ 2]. The interval [2 ~ 1] is invalid requires that you insert a crescent interval, such [0 ~ 2]. The interval [2 ~ 1] is invalid and Tracemetrics will not allow this input.

and Tracemetrics will not allow this input.

Toput an interval, only writes the values on fields “Begin” and “End” and click Toput an interval, only writes the values on fields “Begin” and “End” and click on “Add”; all intervals are unique, if you try to input an interval that already exists, on “Add”; all intervals are unique, if you try to input an interval that already exists, nothing happen. You can select a unique interval from list and remove with nothing happen. You can select a unique interval from list and remove with “Remove” or use “Remove all” to clear the list.

“Remove” or use “Remove all” to clear the list.

The explanation for logarithmic scale and custom steps between tics are the The explanation for logarithmic scale and custom steps between tics are the same of lines.

same of lines.

6.1.3 6.1.3 Smooth, styles and other options

Smooth, styles and other options

Figure 18: Lines configuration Figure 18: Lines configuration

This area contain three tabs, one for each type of graphic with specifics This area contain three tabs, one for each type of graphic with specifics configuration and a tab for configure the legends, that are similar to lines and histogram configuration and a tab for configure the legends, that are similar to lines and histogram graphics. Many options are

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6.1.3.1 6.1.3.1 Lines

Lines

A short explanation for each

A short explanation for each option field:option field:

Plot style:

Plot style: how each value is represented on graphic; choose the most convenienthow each value is represented on graphic; choose the most convenient style, if you have many values,

style, if you have many values, dots can be the dots can be the best option, otherwise, points or lines.best option, otherwise, points or lines.

Smooth to use:

Smooth to use: Gnuplot can smooth your graphic with some math skills, butGnuplot can smooth your graphic with some math skills, but attention, at least three values are required for use this, if your stream has less than three attention, at least three values are required for use this, if your stream has less than three values, gnuplot will disregard this.

values, gnuplot will disregard this.

Rotate x-tics:

Rotate x-tics: The name on x-axis can be rotate for most The name on x-axis can be rotate for most commodity.commodity.

Decimal sign to show:

Decimal sign to show: Specifies default decimal sign for show on plot; you canSpecifies default decimal sign for show on plot; you can enter a custom char.

enter a custom char.

Time unit:

Time unit: _{How the data will be}_{How the data will be accommodate}_{accommodated on the}_{d on the plot.}_plot.

Widths:

Widths: You can change the width You can change the width of lines, boxesand point on your of lines, boxesand point on your plot.plot. To see more details, please, check

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6.1.3.2 6.1.3.2 Histogram

Histogram

Figure 19: Histogram configurations Figure 19: Histogram configurations Histogram style:

Histogram style: Grouped, where each bar is placed side by side; stacked, whereGrouped, where each bar is placed side by side; stacked, where each bar is stacked above of

each bar is stacked above of other. For this reason, you cother. For this reason, you can’t overlap intervals.an’t overlap intervals.

Gap size:

Gap size: When you plots a graphic for All Streams, each stream is a setof bars,When you plots a graphic for All Streams, each stream is a setof bars, and the distance between these setsare defined by

and the distance between these setsare defined by “gap size”.“gap size”.

Fill boxes:

Fill boxes: This option tells to gnuplot how it should fill the bars, whether it isThis option tells to gnuplot how it should fill the bars, whether it is with patterns or solid colors.

with patterns or solid colors.

Box width:

Box width: The width of border; is not considerate if “boxes without borders” isThe width of border; is not considerate if “boxes without borders” is selected.

selected.

The other options are similar to line

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6.1.3.3 6.1.3.3 Legends

Legends

Figure 20: Caption Settings Figure 20: Caption Settings

Subtitles are common to two graphics, but, when you change from lines to Subtitles are common to two graphics, but, when you change from lines to histogram or vice-versa, the defaults values for these graphics are auto marked.

histogram or vice-versa, the defaults values for these graphics are auto marked.

For lines, all checkboxes are deselected, for histogram, “outside subtitles” and For lines, all checkboxes are deselected, for histogram, “outside subtitles” and “field with border” are selected, like figure 20.

“field with border” are selected, like figure 20.

Caption positions:

Caption positions: Select a position for the Select a position for the field with subtitlesfield with subtitles

Outside captions:

Outside captions: Make legends outside from area of graphicMake legends outside from area of graphic

Field with border:

Field with border:Fill or not fill the Fill or not fill the field containing subtitles with bordersfield containing subtitles with borders

Horizontal alignment:

Horizontal alignment: Determines how the set of Determines how the set of subtitles are placed.subtitles are placed.

Opaque:

Opaque: If selected, gnuplot will draw If selected, gnuplot will draw the subtitles after graphic, overlapping thethe subtitles after graphic, overlapping the graphic with the subtitles.

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6.1.4 6.1.4 Graphic View

Graphic View

Figure 21: graphic view (initial state) Figure 21: graphic view (initial state)

This last area shows

This last area shows the graphic plotted with set of configurations chosenonthe graphic plotted with set of configurations chosenon interface. Tomake the graphic for the first time, click

interface. Tomake the graphic for the first time, click on “Make a on “Make a view”.view”.

IMPORTANT:

IMPORTANT: Make sure that you have Make sure that you have gnuplot installed on your computer, withgnuplot installed on your computer, with support for jpg, png or

support for jpg, png or gif terminal. If nothing of these gif terminal. If nothing of these terminals are installed, this featureterminals are installed, this feature will not work, showing an error

will not work, showing an error image – see figure 22.image – see figure 22.

Other problems can show the figure 22on visualization area, besides the listed Other problems can show the figure 22on visualization area, besides the listed problems on the figure, as well as if you try to make a view for histogram without insert problems on the figure, as well as if you try to make a view for histogram without insert any interval.

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Figure 22 Figure 22

After

After to to begetbeget the

the refrerefresh bush button tton to gto generaeneratt

F Fiigguurr

: Error image displayed if

: Error image displayed if some error occsome error occ

fi

firrsst vt viieeww, y, yoou cu caan un uppddaatte ae anny cy coonnffiigguurr a new gr

a new graphic. See figure 23.aphic. See figure 23.

e 23: A view of line graphic (using smoot e 23: A view of line graphic (using smoot

rred. rred.

ation and click on ation and click on

h) h)

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If you pass the If you pass the magnifying glass.

magnifying glass. Wh

When en yoyou cu clilickck, a , a nene d

doonn’’t t lleet t tto o bbe e mmiissttaakkeenn, , ssoomm this is because gnuplot try to this is because gnuplot try to think thatyou graphic is not think thatyou graphic is not The view area will be The view area will be

6.2 6.2 Saving your s

Saving your s

A

Afftteer r cchhoooosse e tthhe e nneeccee “Generate GNU-Plot Script”. “Generate GNU-Plot Script”. aaccccoorrddiinngglly y wwiitth h ttrraacce e ffiillee, , ss script, another file is created script, another file is created

OBS:

OBS: If you chooseIf you choose wi

with th alall nl nececesessasary ry jajava va scscriripp sshhoow w tthhe e wweeb b ppaagge e aaccccoorrddiinn output files, saving space in output files, saving space in

mou

mouse ase abovbove the the ime image age arearea, ta, the che cursursor wor w

wi

windndow ow wiwill ll be be didispsplalayeyed wd witith a h a lalargrge ve vii times the large view is a

times the large view is a little different oflittle different of accommodate the graphic as the best way accommodate the graphic as the best way

ood, try to view a

ood, try to view a large picture first.large picture first. resized according to the resizing of the resized according to the resizing of the wiwi

cript

sa

sary cry cononfifiguguraratitionons fos for yr youour grr grapaphihic, cc, cll As

As exexplplaiainened, d, TrTracacememetetrirics cs wiwill ll adadjujust st nn ream and metric to generate the graphic; ream and metric to generate the graphic; ith same name, but with the extension “. ith same name, but with the extension “. TML

TML 5 5 as as outoutputput, , an an addadditiitionaonal l dirdirectectoo s,

s, imimagages es anand cd casascacadiding ng ststylyle se sheheet et (c(css ss ff gly. This directory can be used for many gly. This directory can be used for many

isk and leaving

isk and leaving organized your directory.organized your directory.

ll turn in a ll turn in a

ew of the graphic; ew of the graphic; the tiny view – the tiny view – possible. If you possible. If you

dow. dow.

ick on the button ick on the button ame of output file ame of output file when yousave the when yousave the

at”. at”. ry will be created ry will be created les) necessaries to les) necessaries to different HTML 5 different HTML 5

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6.3 6.3 Loading your script on gnuplot

Loading your script on gnuplot

Inside of script, you will find the necessary instruction for load the script on gnuplot. See Inside of script, you will find the necessary instruction for load the script on gnuplot. See some ways to make this:

some ways to make this:

1.

1. Open gnuplot by line command on Open gnuplot by line command on the same directorythe same directory of script;

of script; type

typeload load “name_of_script.tx“name_of_script.txt”.t”.

2.

2. Open gnuplot in any directory;Open gnuplot in any directory; type

typecd cd “complete_path_to_script_direc“complete_path_to_script_directory”tory”;; make the step 1.

make the step 1. 3.

3. In a line command terminal, you can typeIn a line command terminal, you can type gnuplot gnuplot “name_of_script.txt”

“name_of_script.txt” to open gnuplot and auto load the to open gnuplot and auto load the script, but attention: if the output was configured not script, but attention: if the output was configured not generate a file, the gnuplot will be immediately closed, generate a file, the gnuplot will be immediately closed, otherwise, the file defined on script will be saved on the otherwise, the file defined on script will be saved on the same

same directory.directory. 4.

4. If you are using a If you are using a graphic interface, you can load the filegraphic interface, you can load the file by menu.

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6.4 6.4 Knowing the script

Knowing the script

A typical script for lines plot A typical script for lines plot

The script tries to

The script tries to be the most minimalist possible, to ensure the be the most minimalist possible, to ensure the compatibilcompatibility withity with old versions of gnuplot. When defaults values are selected on interface, they are not old versions of gnuplot. When defaults values are selected on interface, they are not written on file.

written on file.

IMPORTANT:

The script is based on the newest 4.6 version of gnuplot to date.

Each line started by ‘#’ is a commentedline; it makes no difference for gnuplot Each line started by ‘#’ is a commentedline; it makes no difference for gnuplot First line after commented li

First line after commented lines returns gnuplot environment to default values.nes returns gnuplot environment to default values. Second line define a local variable e (sometimes does not exist by default); Second line define a local variable e (sometimes does not exist by default);

Third line set the ‘NaN’ as data file missing value, if encountered on data file .dat Third line set the ‘NaN’ as data file missing value, if encountered on data file .dat

#Instruction: to plot the graphic, type load "

#Instruction: to plot the graphic, type load " Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.txt" in the same directory.Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.txt" in the same directory. #You can type 'cd "C:\Users\Reuel\Desktop"' on GNU-plot to reach it.

#You can type 'cd "C:\Users\Reuel\Desktop"' on GNU-plot to reach it.

#Make sure that the file "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.dat" is in the same directory. #Make sure that the file "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.dat" is in the same directory. #This part configures the GNUplot environment to

#This part configures the GNUplot environment to be adjusted conform your configuration.be adjusted conform your configuration. #Feel free to alter it.

#Feel free to alter it. #

#As there may be incompatibilitiesAs there may be incompatibilities with older versions of the with older versions of the script GNUPlot,script GNUPlot, #which might not accept some of

#which might not accept some of the explicitsettings, just comment out the line by the explicitsettings, just comment out the line by placing a # at placing a # at the beginning.the beginning. reset;

reset;

e = 2.7182818284590452354; e = 2.7182818284590452354; set datafile missing "NaN"; set datafile missing "NaN"; set terminal x11;

set terminal x11; set output; set output; set

set title title "Stream "Stream 3";3";

set xlabel "Elapsed time (Seconds)"; set xlabel "Elapsed time (Seconds)"; set ylabel "Delay variation";

set ylabel "Delay variation";

#The inline command to be used on GNUPlot. #The inline command to be used on GNUPlot.

plot "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.dat" every 1:1:0:0:5410:0 using 1:2 title "Delay

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Fourth and fifth line defines the

Fourth and fifth line defines the terminal and the output.terminal and the output.

The next three lines are intuitive, and the last command is not explained here. The next three lines are intuitive, and the last command is not explained here.

A typical script for histogram plot A typical script for histogram plot Note:

Note: The two scripts are very sThe two scripts are very similar!imilar! This script contain additional lines such This script contain additional lines such

set key outside box ; set key outside box ; set style data histogram; set style data histogram;

set style histogram clustered gap 2.0; set style histogram clustered gap 2.0; set style fill pattern 1 border lt -1; set style fill pattern 1 border lt -1; Those lines configure only some styles

Those lines configure only some styles on gnuplot to work properly.on gnuplot to work properly. #Instruction: to plot the graphic, type load "Stream

#Instruction: to plot the graphic, type load "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.txt" in the same directory.3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.txt" in the same directory. #You can type 'cd "C:\Users\Reuel\Desktop"' on GNU-plot to reach it.

#You can type 'cd "C:\Users\Reuel\Desktop"' on GNU-plot to reach it.

#Make sure that the file "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.dat" is in the same directory. #Make sure that the file "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_Delay.dat" is in the same directory. #This part configures the GNUplot environment to

#This part configures the GNUplot environment to be adjusted conform your configuration.be adjusted conform your configuration. #Feel free to alter it.

#Feel free to alter it. #

#As there may be incompatibilitiesAs there may be incompatibilities with older versions of the script GNUPlot,with older versions of the script GNUPlot,

#which might not accept some of the explicit settings, just comment out the line by placing a # at the beginning. #which might not accept some of the explicit settings, just comment out the line by placing a # at the beginning. reset;

reset;

e = 2.7182818284590452354; e = 2.7182818284590452354; set datafile missing "NaN"; set datafile missing "NaN"; set terminal x11;

set terminal x11; set output; set output; set key

set key outside outside box ;box ; set style data histogram; set style data histogram;

set style histogram clustered gap 2.0; set style histogram clustered gap 2.0; set style fill pattern 1 border lt -1; set style fill pattern 1 border lt -1; set

set title title "Stream "Stream 3";3";

set xlabel "Selected stream"; set xlabel "Selected stream";

set ylabel "Percents of use for each i

set ylabel "Percents of use for each interval (%)";nterval (%)"; #The inline command to be used on GNUPlot. #The inline command to be used on GNUPlot. plot "Stream

plot "Stream 3_(tcp-star-server)_IPDV.dat" using 3_(tcp-star-server)_IPDV.dat" using 2 title "[0.0 : 2 title "[0.0 : 0.003]", 0.003]", "" using 3 t"" using 3 title "[0.003 : 0.006]", itle "[0.003 : 0.006]", "" using"" using 4:xtic(1) title "Remainder"

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Again, the last command isn’t explained here. Again, the last command isn’t explained here.

For more information about other commands and flags of gnuplot, you can find For more information about other commands and flags of gnuplot, you can find all necessary support on