Human exposure to RF

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INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

Human exposure to RF

Don Heirman

ACEC/TC106 Liaison Representative

APEMC symposium May 2015

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2 TC106 Scope



To prepare international standards on measurement and calculation methods to assess human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). This includes:



characterization of electromagnetic environments with regard to human exposure;



measurement methods, instrumentation and procedures;



Methods of assessing the rate of RF energy absorption per unit body mass for specific sources—commonly called a

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement

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calculation methods;



assessment of uncertainties



basic standards for other sources;

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3 Radiated Emission

Measurement Projects:

Wireless Communications

Typical SAR Results – Single Mode and Band*

• While most countries have adopted a regulatory SAR limit of

2.0 W/kg averaged over a 10 g of tissue volume, the limit in a few countries is 1.6 W/kg averaged over 1 g of tissue (e.g. USA)

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4 Radiated Emission

Measurement Projects:

Wireless Communications

Issues:

Effect of the hand in SAR testing



The increase is sensitive to the palm distance from the

handset, finger positions and contact of the finger tips with the phantom. The increase can reach higher levels when a finger touches the face while holding the handset.



Mainly, increases were observed at frequencies between 1.8 and 2.1 GHz

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For a given handset, there does not seem to exist any

method to predict the frequency and the realistic hand grip condition which creates the highest possible enhancement.



IEC TC106 Maintenance Team 1 is addressing the issue;

a) Consensus of the MT is to not include the hand,

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5 Radiated Emission

Measurement Projects

Examples:



P61786-1ED 1.0: Measurement of DC magnetic, AC

magnetic and AC electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings - Part 1: Requirements for measuring

instruments (Published 12/12/2013)*



P61786-2 ED 1.0: Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure of human

beings - Part 2: Guidance for measurements (Expected Pub Date: 2014)



P62764-1 ED. 1.0: Procedures for the measurement of field levels generated by electronic and electrical equipment in the automotive environment with respect to human

exposure - Part 1: Low frequency magnetic field (Approved New Work)

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6 Radiated Emission

Measurement Projects:

Wireless Communications

Examples:



IEC 62209-1 Ed. 2.0: Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless

communications devices – Human models,

instrumentation and procedures – Part 1: Procedure to

determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency

range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)*



IEC 62209-2 Ed. 1.0: Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless

communications devices – Human models,

instrumentation and procedures – Part 2: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for wireless communication devices used in close proximity to the human body (frequency range of 30 MHz to 6 GHz)*

* Note that the Maintenance Team (MT-1) is exploring the possibility of combing these two standards and harmonizing with IEEE Std 1528-2013 for consideration as a dual logo standard.

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7 Radiated Emission

Measurement Projects:

Wireless Communications

Examples:



P62232 Ed. 2.0: Determination of RF field strength and SAR in the vicinity of radio communication base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure (Expected CDV

release date - July 2015; expected FDIS release date – December 2015; expected publication date – mid 2016)



P62209-3: Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication

devices - Human models, instrumentation, and procedures - Part 3: Vector probe systems (Frequency range of 100 MHz to 6 GHz) (New Project. Expected 1CD release date – early 2015)

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8 Numerical Analysis

Projects: Wireless

Communications

Jointly developed IEC/IEEE projects:



IEC/IEEE P62704-1: Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices, 30 MHz - 6 GHz:

General Requirements for using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for SAR Calculations. (Now in

IEEE sponsor ballot.)

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IEC/IEEE P62704-2: Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices: Specific Requirements for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Modeling of Exposure from Vehicle Mounted

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9 Numerical Analysis

Projects: Wireless

Communications

Jointly developed IEC/IEEE projects:



IEC/IEEE P62704-3: Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices, 30 MHz - 6 GHz:

Specific Requirements for using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for SAR Calculations of Mobile Phones. (Now in IEEE sponsor ballot.)



IEC/IEEE P62704-4: Determining the Peak Spatial Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Body from Wireless Communications Devices, 30 MHz – 6 GHz:

General Requirements for Using the Finite-Element Method (FEM) for SAR Calculations and Specific Requirements for Modeling Vehicle-Mounted Antennas and Personal

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10 Plenary Decisions of Interest (2014 Meeting)



Ad-hoc Group established to investigate wireless power transfer—group to report back at 2015 TC106 Plenary.



Liaison with TC69 (Electric road vehicles and electric trucks) regarding wireless charging of E-vehicles:

o _{TC106 Liaison officer nominated,}

o _{Liaison report presented at 2014 Plenary.}



IEC CO to take further steps to establish A-liaison with ITU-T and IEEE SCC39.

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TC106 will recommend to the Standardization Management Board that IEC committees should not provide exposure limits, e.g., as the basis for regulations—the TCs should rely on the science-based standards and guidelines, e.g., those of IEEE and ICNIRP.

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11 Plenary Decisions of Interest (2014 Meeting)

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Ad-hoc Group established to develop a guide for drafting EMF compliance assessment standards (similar to IEC Guide 107).

o _{Describes the procedures for drafting IEC publications relating}

to compliance assessment with respect to limits for human exposure to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic (EM) fields (EM safety limits).

o _{Applied when preparing new or revising existing publications}

or clauses on compliance testing with EM safety limits.

o _{Facilitates development of new standards and revision and}

maintenance of existing standards.

o _{Developed in collaboration with IEEE SCC39 TC34.}

o _{Promotes harmonization of standards by having a common}

understanding and agreement of the underlying principles.

o _{First working draft prepared – outline similar to IEC Guide 7.}



When complete, the guide will be offered by the CO to ACEC and ACOS to decide which of the two committees should take

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12 Liaison coordination with ACEC



ACEC’s role



Review TC106 documents that describe radiated

emission measurements, instrumentation, and use

of measurement uncertainty and propose changes

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Review application of Guide 107 with TC106

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Guide 107: Electromagnetic compatibility - Guide to the

drafting of electromagnetic compatibility publications

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Consider sponsorship of new guide for drafting EMF compliance assessment standards