203 SCADAvantage Technical Description

(1)

SCADAvantage Technical Description

March 2012 revision 0.1

ABB Inc.

SCADAvantage

Blackfoot Corporate Center #110, 4411 6Th Street S.E. Calgary Alberta

T2G 4E8 Canada +1 403 253 0271

(2)

SCADA

VANTAGE

S

YSTEM

S

OFTWARE

ABB has developed SCADAvantage specifically for the oil and gas industry, the system is the result of feedback from operators and engineers that have use it for years. ABB Oil and Gas business unit invests research and development funds each year into the

SCADAvantage product. As a result SCADAvantage is positioned as the industry leader in upstream, pipelines and gas distribution SCADA for the petroleum industry in many

countries in the world.

The strategy has always been to produce a flexible, scalable system that serves from a simple HMI to the complexity of enterprise SCADA. For this, the system supports open international standards of connectivity and it is easily distributed in layers of servers to ensure availability and performance.

Other area of investment is the asset optimization using Foundation Fieldbus, HART and Profibus. This brings the benefits of SCADA to a new level to enhance our current offering to the oil companies.

For advanced optimization applications, we integrate best-in-class 3rd party applications either directly into SCADAvantage, or pass field data to corporate IT data warehouses for analysis at that level.

The SCADAvantage System is built with special focus on operations where high reliability and availability are essential. Additionally, most system components (I/O, communications, remote devices, servers, clients and networks) can be configured with redundancy to achieve even higher levels of system reliability. The focus on high reliability is reflected in the design of all units; in system architecture, hardware with rugged units for industrial environments, and in the software design.

The SCADAvantage system was designed to be an enterprise SCADA system; therefore, high number of client workstations can be configured at no additional cost. Since the Client Application Manager server (CAM) comes standard, there is no additional effort to distribute screens or any file to the corporate client workstations.

The SCADAvantage client workstation software installs in your regular desktop computer eliminating the need of a separate expensive computer to monitor real-time operations and data.

System security, resistance to vulnerabilities and safe control are areas of focus in the development process to keep SCADAvantage at the forefront of the industry.

Finally we are strategically teaming up with other groups in ABB to offer integration to safety systems as well as the DCS system; this allows companies to have a seamless integrated environment to tackle all aspects of automated production operations.

(5)

General Software Overview

The ABB SCADAvantage software was designed for various system architectures and scales extremely well from a single host running a small HMI to a full distributed system connecting hundreds of sites together with full disaster recovery.

For local gas distribution or small gas pipeline management, the following figure represents a typical architecture for a Primary Control Center.

A polling engine connects to a variety of Communication Equipment to monitor data from field devices using the most common industry protocols. This polling engine is typically started on the same computer as the real-time database, but can be started remotely. The real-time database is configured in a redundant pair where the computers are located close together for high speed failover. A private JCP network between the real-time databases provides high-speed transaction journaling. The real-time database includes a built-in historian with archiving capabilities. A SQL-Server database stores meter history and scheduled reports.

A number of operator or engineering workstations can display live data from the real-time database. A decision support/utility server maintains a live copy of the real-time database to provide data for web access via Citrix or 3rd party business systems. This component is optional for smaller systems or can be an OPC Server.

All components are connected by a redundant LAN. All user authentication is from a local domain controller. All time is synchronized using a local GPS clock.

Any software modules that require development by ABB to meet the requirements for a project become standard features in the next version of SCADAvantage. Any custom applications specific to the project are delivered with source code and instructions on how

(6)

to recompile and maintain. ABB does not guarantee these custom applications shall not require further development in later versions of the baseline software package.

S

TANDARD

P

ACKAGES

SCADAvantage is a powerful, scalable and flexible SCADA software system designed for today’s oil & gas companies and for the future. It is a user-friendly system that is easy to configure, maintain and support, and one that integrates smoothly with other systems. All features are installed from the product DVD; nothing is hosted externally. The system includes online, searchable help and a detailed description of the database model. Some of the distinguishing features of SCADAvantage are as follows:

• A network-accessible, object-oriented, relational non-proprietary database enforcing data integrity and responding to standard SQL.

• A device interface (DVI) that is capable of collecting data from multiple device types and from automation systems produced by other vendors; the DVI (polling engine) can poll multiple devices with different protocols at the same time through one serial port. This feature enables the SCADA system to collect data from many different RTU’s during one scanning cycle.

• Network-capable configuration tools to browse and configure data, either point-by-point or in bulk, and provide low-level system access a full-featured runtime environment with extensive graphics capabilities.

• A simple graphical design environment based on Microsoft Visual Studio; no user programming is required to create fully featured front ends for operations.

• Optimized HMI data acquisition done using publish and subscribe technology that minimizes network traffic by pushing from the server only modified values.

• Ability to interface to EFM’s beyond simple polling of real-time "end of day" values; this includes managing history records, AGA parameter upload/download, gas composition upload/download and events and alarms from the EFM with storage/manipulation of EFM data according to API 21.1 and EUB Directive 17 standards.

• A Windows Explorer-type interface to provide global access to SCADAvantage system configuration allowing system administrators to carry to any workstation their roaming profile. The ability to import and export some or all parts of the system configuration is also provided by this tool.

• Multiple alarm states (more than 50) provide advanced diagnostic information so you can fully monitor the process and avoid costly downtimes.

• Real-time server redundancy allowing the system to run with an active/standby configuration.

• Real-time and embedded historian full online system backup for disaster recovery. • Multiple communication routes for networks and devices (RTU’s, PLC’s); when the

system detects route failures, it automatically switches the network or device to another available communication route.

(7)

• Business Object Templates (BOT) for configuring large amounts of similar devices (RTU’s, EFM’s) in a very short time. This feature saves upfront engineering costs. With a few mouse clicks, you can add and delete devices after the system is commissioned for a huge savings in operation and maintenance costs.

• Plug-in applications, designed for the oil and gas industry.

During the warranty period and through annual software maintenance/subscription, any new features and updates are provided for all customers maintaining valid licenses through ABB.

O

PERATING

S

YSTEMS

Appendix B lists the current Microsoft operating systems and other versions of technology supported by SCADAvantage.

N

EW

S

OFTWARE

ABB’s commitment to the support of standards results in an active participation in the OPC foundation new OPC UA standards. Our existing connectivity added to other ABB products such as Enterprise Connectivity Solutions allows SCADAvantage to interface with

enterprise systems such as SAP, Maximo, PI and any others. Our commitment is to strongly support these interfaces in the future.

D

IAGNOSTICS

SCADAvantage includes several diagnostic tools. For protocols, the built-in communication analyzer is included with features such as: packet decoding, hex code highlighting,

recording to file, and advanced filtering. For system diagnostics, an event log and diagnostic text files are included. Most system components include options to enable additional debugging. For network, hardware and resource diagnostics, information is stored as real-time values in the database for alarming and trending. When Windows Authentication is enabled, the Windows Security Event Log can be used for diagnostics.

L

ANGUAGES

SCADAvantage is written and developed in C++ (version 10) and C# (version 3.5) using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.

U

TILITIES

Appendix B lists all the SCADAvantage 5.4.0 applications, tools and utilities included on the standard DVD and installed depending on the features selected. These utilities are used for deployment, maintenance, backup and recovery, operation and development.

D

EVELOPMENT

A

IDS

In order to provide a consistent and upgradable system, the real-time database schema and business logic specific to SCADAvantage is not open for customization. While it is possible to add auxiliary tables and views for custom applications, it is not possible to add custom business logic.

(8)

In a non-production environment, the real-time database does allow an internal debugging service to be enabled. Using a telnet client, this debugging service provides the usual debugging capabilities such as code stepping, breakpoints, tracing and diagnostics. SCADAvantage uses Visual Studio for HMI graphic development. This same tool can be used for custom application development, SQL-Server database development and debugging. The Ultimate edition of Visual Studio includes additional tools for Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) like revision control, requirements management, test management and automated testing.

API documentation to develop a custom protocol is currently not supplied on the product DVD. It is recommended to have ABB develop any custom protocol so that it can be maintained and delivered in future versions of the product by ABB.

API documentation to further customize internal calculations, control sequence commands or functions used in software expressions is currently not supplied on the product DVD. Using API documentation, templates and examples included on the DVD, it’s possible to write additional system services in Visual Studio using any .NET programming language to monitor the database for specific changes, perform calculations and either write back to the database or interface to a 3rd party system. This is the recommend method to add new functionality to the system.

The tools used during SCADAvantage product testing can be requested customers. These tools include additional low level diagnostics, test configuration and data generation, and performance testing under specific conditions.

A

PPLICATION

P

ROGRAM

I

NTERFACE

(API)

SCADAvantage includes libraries to support development for both server and client applications against the real-time and measurement databases. Examples and documentation are included on the product DVD.

S

YSTEM

S

ECURITY AND

V

IRUS

P

ROTECTION

ABB recommends all current Microsoft patches and security enhancements be installed on each SCADAvantage server on a monthly basis. Since there is no direct internet

connection to the SCADAvantage servers, ABB recommends copying the required patches to an internal server first before deploying to the operations network. Updates are

performed manually by the administrator as needed or on a monthly basis.

ABB tests SCADAvantage using McAfee Virus Scanner. Daily virus updates must be copied to an internal server. From there the administrator can distribute the updated virus definitions. SCADAvantage includes file exceptions for scanning large files to avoid

performance degradation. Updates to the virus definitions do not interfere with normal daily operations.

For highly secure systems, ABB recommends Industrial Defender software and hardware solution. Using this solution, all SCADAvantage applications are configured as trusted to avoid tampering.

(9)

ABB recognizes the threat of cyber-attacks against control systems as real and probable, as a consequence it has submitted SCADAvantage to our Corporate Research Centre in India to conduct intense vulnerability tests, and the results are as follows:

1. There were no vulnerabilities reported against the SCADAvantage application that was installed on Windows Vista Operating System. However there were several TCP and UDP ports which were in Open state. These include ports TCP/1025 to TCP/1029, TCP/2869, UDP/123, UDP/500, UDP/1900, UDP/4500, UDP/5355. It is recommended to close these ports if a similar configuration is present on the Windows Operating System.

The system that was used was updated regularly and hence it was not vulnerable to any Operating System related vulnerabilities. It is recommended to update the Windows Operating System with security patches regularly.

For all other tests SCADAvantage met the pass criteria.

H

IGH

-L

EVEL

D

EBUG

Visual Studio allows interactive debugging during HMI development for C# and VB.Net languages. On a non-production environment, such as a QA environment, server applications support command line or configuration settings to enable debugging. In addition, the real-time database supports interactive, text-based debugging of internal business logic. In some cases, ABB recommends Windows debugger to be installed in a QA environment for capturing faults within C++ applications.

V

IRTUALIZATION

SCADAvantage can be installed on real hardware or hosted in a virtual environment. VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V are supported.

To avoid any performance issues, a SCADAvantage server running in a VM should not be allocated any CPU, memory or hard-disks that are shared with other VMs.

If converting from a physical to virtual environment, it’s important to keep the same MAC address for the Central Licensing Server. The Central License software does not support any attempt to spoof the MAC address. If keeping the MAC address is not possible, please contact ABB sales or support to have your central license assigned to the new virtual MAC address.

Licensing by USB dongle is not supported in a virtual environment at this time.

Databases and Tools

R

EAL

-

TIME

D

ATA

On a 32-bit system the database is limited to 2GB of memory. On a 64-bit system, the database is limited to available physical memory.

SCADAvantage has been tested to 250,000 tags in a redundant system with Disaster Recovery. It has been tested to 10,000 active devices and 10,000 networks. The database

(10)

has been tested to 100 concurrent HMI users. SCADAvantage has also been tested to 4,000 meters.

The largest SCADAvantage replication deployment is distributed over 174 sites in a 3-tier network topology. 159 local sites gather information with a combined telemetry of 280,000 points. Typically, 10-15 of these sites replicate a partial copy of the telemetry to a regional site. There are 12 regional sites with a combined telemetry of 180,000 points. These regional sites replicate a partial copy of the telemetry to the Main Control Centre. The Control Centre is sized for 100,000 tags. The total tag count for the entire system is 660,000 tags. All sites are redundant. This system has been in production since 2007. The largest centrally-licensed system is sized for 265,000 tags distributed across 20 servers.

Archiving of historical data online is limited only by memory and available disk space. However, typically data is maintained online for 12-24 months.

A searchable online help file describing the complete database structure is installed from the product DVD on the database server. The 3rd party SqlSpec utility

(http://www.elsasoft.org/) ABB uses to document the database can be purchased to document any additional custom defined tables or views.

G

ENERAL

D

ATABASE

O

VERVIEW

The SCADAvantage real-time database offers the following features:

• Memory resident data allowing very high speed storage, access and update • A notification mechanism providing clients with information on data changes in the

server

• ANSI Standard Structured Query Language (SQL 92), with extensions to support the object oriented features of the database

• Device interface for an external service to acquire data changes and rapidly store in the database

• Built-in historian where online and archived data can be queried as a virtual database table

• Compiled language for custom business logic and additional referential integrity during a transaction

• Mechanism to snapshot database and historical logs for backups with no downtime • Mechanism to journal transactions to redundant standby server or several read-only

replica copies

• Extensive ad-hoc query capabilities • Multiple simultaneous user support

• Optimistic concurrency to avoid the overhead of locking and deadlocking • The ability to import/export database configuration to text files

• The ability to import/export historical trend data to text files

• Database views provide security by restricting access to rows and columns of a table

• Standard methods to maintain security privileges are includes (such as grant and revoke)

(11)

Using these features, the SCADAvantage real-time database provides five important functions:

1. All database operations are subject to user privileges, and enforce referential integrity. It is impossible to make a change in the database that results in a system failure or orphaned records.

2. Maintains all SCADA database configuration information, default startup values and parameters, alarm/event histories, trend data and operational information.

3. Monitors, processes and manages information acquired from remote sites. 4. Maintains historical data online for several years. Older data can be archived to

multiple locations and automatically taken offline. The archived data can be stored offline for an indefinite period and brought online with no system downtime or performance impact. Tools to manage archives are included on the product DVD. 5. Provides secure access for user-interface applications or other services on the

network to display or exchange data.

A 64-bit database is limited to half of the available memory on the server. The other half is used by services and nightly database backup. The database has no practical limit for the number of tables and views or the number of row or columns within a table. The database supports the following data types, field sizes and value ranges:

• integer - is a 32-bit signed number with a range of positive and negative whole numbers (-231 to 231 -1).

• integer8 - is a compact form of integer. It is treated exactly the same as an integer type, but only 8 bits are stored.

• integer16 - is a compact form of integer. It is treated exactly the same as an integer type, but only the least significant 16 bits are stored.

(12)

• float is a double precision (64-bit) floating point number with a range of positive and negative numbers (small +/- 10-307, large +/- 10308).

• float32 is a single precision floating point number.

• datetime contains the date and time. The information is encoded into a 64-bit value and has a resolution of micro-seconds.

• bool contains a value of true or false. • binary is a sequence of raw bytes of data.

Database errors are displayed either to the user requesting data or to a diagnostic log for background applications. The system continues to operate reliably and predictably regardless of errors.

D

ATABASE

A

RCHITECTURE AND

S

YNCHRONIZATION

Each SCADAvantage real-time database can be configured in a fault-tolerant pair to ensure continuous client operation, keeping the databases synchronized during normal operation, and maintaining transaction integrity.

The standby database is continually informed about changes from the master. This enables the standby to take over immediately when it receives notification of a master failure. On startup, the standby automatically re-synchs the real-time and historical data from the master. Failover is either automatic due to the system detecting a critical process or resource failure or manually requested by an administrator.

The real-time database includes an interactive tool for displaying query results as text, processing SQL files, and importing and exporting text-based data.

SCADAvantage includes a tool for querying data and displaying it in a grid format. Information in the grid can be exported text files and Microsoft Excel. Also, tools and scripts are included for maintaining the database including upgrading from older versions and migrating from 3rd party systems.

P

OINT

N

AMING

C

ONVENTION

Every data point in the system has a unique ID that is used to refer to the corresponding tag. ABB works with customers to establish a naming convention that best suits the customer's needs. There is no limit to the length of a tag name. Any multi-byte character supported by Microsoft Windows is also supported in a tag name. This allows multiple languages to be used concurrently across HMI clients. However, tag name are case-sensitive. The system provides a method to reference all of the point’s fields and attributes via standard SQL.

D

ATABASE

A

CCESS

SCADAvantage provides methods to access any and all elements in the real-time and historical databases via high-level languages and functions including, but not limited to, ODBC, OLE-DB, text files, .Net languages and SQL 92 queries. ABB includes library routines to develop custom applications to access database configuration and historical data. It is also possible to access the database using common business tools such as Microsoft Office, SQL Server and text-based editing tools.

(13)

D

ATA

S

ECURITY AND

I

NTEGRITY

System security is treated in SCADAvantage with high priority, particularly in the gas distribution environment, the following features are included:

• Database views provide security by restricting access to rows and columns of a table. Standard methods to maintain security privileges at the database level are included (such as grant and revoke)

• A multi-level security system that maintains a history on each user’s access to objects, attributes, data, displays, production areas and controls. Supports digital signatures and audit trail to avoid data tampering in the historical database.

• Zones and zone groups access control, re-routing of alarms for areas unattended by an operator and inactivity logout

• Independently tested by ABB Corporate research centre against Nessus tool to withstand external unauthorized access

• Microsoft Active Directory support for centralized security with a password policy managed by IT group such as strong passwords, Automatic password expiry, Password re-use, Account lockout on repeat violations, Password length and Login auditing.

U

SER

-D

EFINED

D

ATABASES

SCADAvantage includes licenses, software, and tools to allow Customers to define, construct, and maintain user-defined tables and views in the real-time environment. In addition, custom historical logs and views can be defined. User-defined tables/views are treated in the same manner as the standard product tables and views with regard to creation, access, editing, and distribution of data. The system allows for application

programs to perform create, read, update, and delete operations on user-defined tables and views. Standard tools allow for database configuration and maintenance of user-defined tables and views.

ABB does not recommend customizing the real-time database. Additional costs shall be incurred by the customer on future upgrades due to these types of database

customizations.

M

IGRATION OF

E

XISTING

D

ATABASES TODO

D

ATABASE

E

DITOR

SCADAvantage Explorer is the client application for configuring SCADAvantage real-time database online. It is based on the same style as Windows Explorer and provides global, secure access to browsing, configuring and diagnosing distributed SCADAvantage servers from any workstation. System administration and configuration operations can also be performed using SQL. SCADAvantage Explorer follows the Microsoft Windows Explorer standards for navigation, look and feel, and item selection allowing users to learn the system quickly. The main screen of SCADAvantage Explorer contains menu bar, tool bar, tree structure, summary list and logon dialog.

(14)

Trusted Users: This feature allows trusted users to log onto an RTRDB in the normal way and then automatically logon (without the need to enter a username/password combination) to other RTRDBs and APPRDBs.

Roaming Profiles: This feature makes user preferences information (such as trend display preferences) roam with the user from machine to machine.

Login Restrictions: This allows the system administrator to force users to have valid passwords, enable password expirations, enable inactivity logouts, and forcibly disconnect clients from the server.

Each user with access to the SCADAvantage Explorer Client is assigned a case sensitive User ID and password. This dual function security system must be used to logon to any SCADAvantage server. The security system restricts a user in two ways: limiting what Zones the user can access and limiting what Control actions that user can perform within authorized zones.

SCADAvantage Explorer also supports command-line options that govern its startup behavior.

It is possible to access the following capabilities using either drop-down menus, popup menus (available from the server, category, class or object level), or equivalent tool bar icons:

• Connect to any SCADAvantage server on the network

• Manage any number of simultaneous connections to the same server, or multiple servers

• Browse through objects within a class using sort, filter, and find tools • Create, delete, rename, and edit objects within a class

• View and print various logs such as the alarm summary, event summary, message log and communications analyzer

• Control points and acknowledge and clear alarms • View real-time and historical trends

• Import and export all, or parts of the database • Print reports for objects in the summary table

• Access bulk configuration abilities through the Object Factory

All changes made from any workstation using the SCADAvantage Explorer are stored in the Maintenance Log of the real-time database for auditing purposes. The standard event summary displays the maintenance events and allows analysis through filtering on several fields including: timestamp, object, user, values, or comments.

SCADAvantage configuration forms provide a structured view for configuring all objects within the database. This has many advantages over typical grid-based configuration. Specific configuration screens are provided for each type of object in the database. When objects have common configuration, a common tab within the configuration form is used to maximize design efficiency and simplify the user experience.

Within the configuration form, each field includes data validation checking depending on the field type. Drop-down lists are used when referencing existing and related objects within

(15)

the database. Some drop-down lists include the ability to add new values. Grids are provided for entering lists of related information, for example: polling registers and timing. Grids support both filtering and sorting criteria. Default values are presented to the user whenever possible. Configuration changes including create, read, update, delete and rename are supported. When saving, error messages provide useful information to direct the user on which field is in error.

D

ATABASE

P

OINT

G

ROUPS

The Point Assignment function relates one or many points to a point group. A point can be associated with any number of different point groups. Once grouped in this way, it is possible to easily work with a set of points and perform global operations.

TODO

• Definition • Assignment

R

EAL

-T

IME

D

ATABASES

After installation of a server a real-time database, preconfigured with standard features, is automatically started. The real-time database provides the following high-level capabilities: • Remote data acquisition and processing

• Upload and download of hourly and daily measurement values • High performance calculated data values

• Control sequences

• Built-in historian with archiving

• Secure authentication and auditing of all configuration and operational changes • Real-time and historical alarm and event processing, including call-out

• Host metering

• Partial or full replication of configuration, data and history

All configuration changes performed from Engineering workstations are made online and do not require any database restart.

Configuration changes are committed to all in-memory copies of the database for the save to be successful. By default the in-memory database is saved every hour but the frequency can be customized. All real-time data changes recorded to historical logs are committed to in-memory buffers. All copies of the database are then immediately synchronized (within 1 second). The data is flushed to disk as buffers are filled, or if maximum time has been exceeded. This way, no information is lost in the event of a system failure, user shut-down or restart.

TODO

1.1.1.1 Server Configuration

1.1.1.2 Trusted Server Configuration 1.1.1.3 Host Configuration

1.1.1.4 System Performance 1.1.1.4.1 Capacity 1.1.1.4.2 Bandwidth

(16)

1.1.1.4.3 Concurrent Clients 1.1.1.5 Scheduled Tasks

H

ISTORICAL

D

ATABASE

The real-time database includes an integral historian that reads the live process values and records successive values, events and communications statistics into logs that provide a history over time. SCADAvantage polls the field for real-time data acquisition. The

historical database is only limited by data collection frequency, and storage space. Missing data can be back filled automatically depending on the collection method. The historian is part of the core system and does not require additional licenses.

The historian is also capable of recording any other database object derived from the point table, such as: calculated values, resource monitoring values, host calculated meters, and communication statistics.

Trending in SCADAvantage is easy to use and flexible. The system stores data values for points on a periodic exception or a combination of periodic and exception basis. Once data is collected, the historical values are available for direct query (via ODBC and OLEDB), or for analysis in reports and on trend displays.

When enabled, this feature provides complete hourly or daily rollup traces by repeating the last recorded value for a time period where an inconsistent number of trend data rollups are present. In addition to the raw collected values, rollups are available for each hour and day. SCADAvantage calculates the minimum, maximum, and average values for the rollup period. Standard deviation is also supported in all trends.

H

ISTORICAL

S

TORAGE

Data is written into these logs via memory buffers, such that the system need not constantly update the disk as new values occur. Once the memory buffers are full (or on a scheduled basis when a historian checkpoint occurs), the buffer is written to the disk. If the buffer was full, a new buffer is started. These logs are a circular queue arrangement. That means that the oldest data is eventually be overwritten by the newest data, but the files sizes remain fixed.

(17)

Log File Description

Log-2 Message Log which contains diagnostic messages.

Log-3 Old Event Log which is not used in new SCADAvantage installations but is necessary to support archive files from pre-5.0.0 SCADAvantage systems. Log-4 Maintenance Log which records all configuration changes to the

system.

Log-5 Communication Analyzer Log which allows the server’s built-in protocol analyzer to record communications traffic for a device or

communications channel.

Log-6 Communications Statistics Log which provides hourly communications statistics for each device or communications channel

Log-7 Old Raw Trend Data Log which is not used in new SCADAvantage installations but is necessary to support archive files from pre-5.0.0 SCADAvantage systems

Log-8 Old Hourly Trend Data Log which is not used in new SCADAvantage installations but is necessary to support archive files from pre-5.0.0 SCADAvantage systems

Log-9 Old Daily Trend Data Log which is not used in new SCADAvantage installations but is necessary to support archive files from pre-5.0.0 SCADAvantage systems

Log-10 Daily Communications Statistics Log which provides daily

communications statistics for each device or communications channel. Log-11 Monthly Communications Statistics Log which provides monthly

communications statistics for each device or communications channel. Log-12 Old Replication Update Log used to store updates as they are being

processed by the replication servers and clients.

Log-13 Replication Log which stores event diagnostics related to the optional replication servers and clients.

Log-14 Communication Timespan Statistics which provides the average time between queries and replies for each device or communications channel.

Log-15 Daily Communication Timespan Statistics which provides the average time between queries and replies for each device or communications channel for each day.

Log-16 Monthly Communication Timespan Statistics which provides the average time between queries and replies for each device or communications channel for each month.

Log-17 Raw Trend Data Log which records process values either periodically or whenever the value changes significantly. This log provides individual data point values for trends of recent history

Log-18 Hourly Trend Data Log which summarizes the raw trend data into hourly statistics of avg/max/min values

Log-19 Daily Trend Data Log which summarizes the raw trend data into daily statistics of average/minimum/maximum values

Log-20 Short Term Alternate Trend Log which stores externally sourced

(18)

fine resolution data (e.g. minutely) online for a relatively short time Log-21 Long Term Alternate Trend Log which stores externally sourced

summarized trend data (e.g. OPC HDA data). The long term log stores coarse resolution data (e.g. daily) online for a relatively long time Log-22 Event Log which records alarms, state changes, operator actions and

server parameters/performance events TODO 1.1.1.5.1 Collection/Backfill 1.1.1.5.1.1 Polled 1.1.1.5.1.2 File Upload 1.1.1.5.1.3 Settings 1.1.1.5.2 Processing 1.1.1.5.3 Monitoring 1.1.1.5.4 Expansion

A

RCHIVING

In addition to the RTRDB Historian log files, SCADAvantage can also write historical data for events, maintenance events, short and long term alternate trend logs, raw, hourly, and daily trend data into archives that can supplement and preserve data in the logs. On a configurable time interval, the system can be configured to copy data that has been written into the online circular logs to an external "archive" file. This archive file can be maintained and accessed for as long as required. Using archives, data that has been overwritten in the circular log buffers is not lost and can still be maintained and accessed by the users. Archive files can be written to writeable CD/DVDs and network file servers.

Each file contains a defined time period of data for one of the log types mentioned, constrained to a maximum file size. These archives are accessed automatically by trends and event summaries so this allows a large amount of history to be kept on-line.

Once the archive file is created, it is not changed so it is possible to incrementally back-up this data and only capture the few new files created since the last backup.

TODO

1.1.1.5.5 Devices 1.1.1.5.6 Files 1.1.1.5.7 Streams

1.1.1.5.7.1 Trends

1.1.1.5.7.2 Alarms and Events 1.1.1.5.7.3 Other

1.1.1.6 Performance and Capacity

H

ISTORICAL

D

ISPLAY

The trend screen is available in the Client Environment and through SCADAvantage Explorer. The trend screen shows the real-time or historical trend for any point or group of points in an historical graphic X-Y plot. There is a maximum of 12 pens per trend display is

(19)

supported. Both real-time trends and historical trends (augmented with real-time data) are supported. Pan, zoom, dipstick and many other features are also included. As an option, retrieval logic can fill in missing values, and interpolate between them, to return a

predictable number of points. Missing values are returned as last good values.

Trend displays have the ability to retrieve data either using a relative time period, such as last 15 minutes or last hour, or between two specific timestamps. Trend traces can be colored either automatically (by letting the system choose the color), the user assigning a specific color, or by using the defined state limit color associated with each plotted value. Data on the trend can be printed, displayed in tabular form, or exported to text files for use in Microsoft Office and other 3rd party applications.

Operator assignable trend groups allow ad-hoc creation of trend displays. Each user may create their own trend displays combining values that are of interest at the time. These displays may be kept either private to a specific user, or made public for all users.

The following trend screen shows the real-time or historical trend for any point or group of points. Pan, zoom, dipstick and many other features are also included.

SCADAvantage System Operation

O

PERATING

S

YSTEM

S

TART

-

UP AND

S

HUTDOWN

SCADAvantage runs on various 32-bit and 64-bit Microsoft operating systems. The SCADAvantage installation takes care of installing, or providing instructions for installing, any prerequisites needed for the SCADAvantage software to operate correctly. This

includes roles and features provided by Windows such as: domain controllers, web servers, file sharing, application services, and distributed file system. Identical redundant server pairs ensure that the shutdown of a single server does not result in the loss of any data or configuration settings. Each pair of servers is configured identically, except for any names and/or network addresses.

(20)

SCADA

VANTAGE

S

YSTEM

S

TART

-

UP AND

S

HUTDOWN

Following a SCADAvantage server installation, the system is installed as Microsoft Windows service. By default, the system must be started manually; however this can be changed to automatic in the configuration settings. The service manager appears as a colored icon (ball) in the Windows system tray, located in the lower right-hand corner of the screen. The icon provides a right-click menu with commands to interact with the system such as: start, stop, failover, and diagnostics. In addition, a window can be opened to display more details about the current system status.

SCADAvantage includes an additional layer for managing starting and stopping of all features necessary to operate the host. This includes customer-developed application and/or interfaces to 3rd party systems. These features can be automatically or manually loaded on startup, and optionally started on the standby server. This list of processes to start is stored in the database and saved to all copies of the database ensuring identical configuration across all servers and preventing loss of any data or configuration if a single server is shutdown.

B

ACKUP

SCADAvantage emphasizes the “no data loss” concept by supporting recovery from: • Remote devices that support history retention with the unique data backfill technology

ensuring no data loss in case of communications outages

• Higher to lower level servers data acquisition by using replication integrity checks after power or communications outages

• Fully automated backup and disaster recovery

SCADAvantage includes a mechanism and detailed documentation to back up the entire system (redundant systems and disaster recovery sites). By default, the real-time database is backed up every hour. By default, the historical logs are backed up daily. All permanent files containing database configuration, historical logs, archives or system configuration are included in the total system backup. ABB recommends Windows backup or similar 3rd party backup software for backups and offline storage. The tools are capable of restoring

individual files or the complete system in a single operation from the backup media. These tools are also capable of creating bootable system snapshots for restoring the system in the event of a catastrophic failure. It is not necessary to shut down a server in order to create backup. ABB recommends installation of the server and maintaining historical data on RAID hardware.

In order to prevent the loss of real-time or historian information on a SCADAvantage server it is important to backup certain files. This being done, a server can be restored in a very short period of time in the event of a catastrophic failure.

The system automatically creates backups of its critical files onto the server, but like any other computer system, it is important to backup files to a location other than the local server disk. The backup media might be a CD-ROM drive, a tape drive, another machine on the network, and so on.

Backups may be performed manually, or may be scheduled using the scheduled task function which is a class listed under the System branch in the SCADAvantage tree

(21)

structure. During installation two default Scheduled Tasks are created to perform hourly and daily backups. Customization of these backup schedules, creation of additional backup schedules, and backup to media other than the local server disk are the responsibility of the customer or specifically defined in the project detail specification.

The RTRDB is a memory resident database which contains the system configuration (devices, tags, polling addresses, inhibits, alarms and plot objects) as well as the most recent process values. The default scheduled tasks ensure the real-time database is backed up on both an hourly and daily basis. Online backups are only useful so long as there is no catastrophic failure such as a disk crash. The previous hour’s configuration file is saved and at the end of the day is saved as a daily file. In addition, the system keeps a series of hourly and daily backups as compressed files (*.gz) files.

Real-time database backups are first saved to temporary files and these temporary files are compressed before being renamed to their more permanent file names. As a result, there is a very low likelihood of these files being in use and unavailable when a backup program used for creating offline backups is executed.

The frequency and timing of the backups can be adjusted by editing the existing scheduled tasks. In addition, new scheduled tasks can be created. To restore an older version of the real-time database is as simple as:

• Stop the SCADAvantage server using the service manager Icon

• Decompress the desired backup and rename the resulting file to be rtrdb.dat. • Restart the server using the service manager Icon

• SCADAvantage starts with that older copy of the real-time database.

The RTRDB server includes several other directories and files that may optionally be

backed up. These are typically part of the software installation and not dynamically modified after installation so it is not necessary to include in daily backups as long as a copy is kept with the original software installation. Also, since these files are generally static, there are no special considerations in backing up these files.

The critical logs for backup are typically logs 4, 17, 18, 19, 22 and these are also the ones typically expanded to larger sizes from defaults. Logs 20 and 21 are not used in all

installations but are generally critical when they are used. Other logs are optional but are typically small so backing up the entire Historical\snapshot directory is generally

recommended.

Data Acquisition

The SCADAvantage system utilizes remote drivers that provide communication ports that can be located on the server or multiple remote PCs. Communication network that connect to field devices can be set up to utilize various telecommunication technologies such as TCP/IP, RS232, RS485, Radio, Satellite and GPRS.

(22)

A network is a logical grouping or collection of devices that can communicate over one or more routes where a route is often a shared communication media, such as a multi-dropped radio network. Each network has the ability to define communication timing and settings such as: baud rate, number of bits, stop bits and error checking used by all devices. However, these timings and settings can be overwritten on a device-by-device basis.

The SCADAvantage data acquisition philosophy defines one or more polling engines and logical to physical mappings to customer's communications network. Within a polling engine each logical network can use various routes to telecommunication technologies such as TCP/IP, RS232, RS485, radio, satellite and GPRS to connect to field devices. Multiple networks can be associated with each device and a cost associated with the underlying technology. This allows the lowest-cost communication to be selected and alternate, higher-cost communication to be used in the event of a failure. When a failure occurs the system automatically attempts to establish communication with the lower-cost route, and switches back when it is available.

The device interface (DVI) is capable of collecting data from multiple device types and from automation systems produced by other vendors; the DVI (polling engine) can poll multiple devices with different protocols at the same time through one serial port. This feature enables the system to collect data from many different RTUs during one scanning cycle.

(23)

Multiple protocols and baud rates can be used on a single communication route. Drivers available include TotalFlow, Modbus ASCII and RTU (binary), Enron Modbus, PEMEX Modbus, Modbus TCP, Cameron Adept, BSAP, Fisher ROCtalk, HP, Kimray, Galvanic, Eagle, Mercury, DNP3, Allen Bradley DF1, and IEC 870 serial and TCP protocols. SCADAvantage also supports OPC connectivity via OPC DA, AE and HDA Server and OPC Client is available to interface to 3rd party products and devices. The product development team has many years of experience and expertise developing protocol drivers. ABB can quote the cost to develop additional protocols as part of a system replacement or upgrade.

SCADAvantage devices reference actual physical field equipment such as RTUs (Remote Terminal Units), FCUs (Flow Computer Units) and PLCs (Programmable Logic Circuits). The SCADAvantage device stores information about the current status of the physical device including device address, communication status, alarm state, scan status, and protocol-specific mappings and settings. Loss of communication to the device is reflected in the device status using various hardware and software status codes and messages. During loss of communication, the system makes continuous attempts to re-establish communication until either an operator manually inhibits scanning or normal communication is restored. Through its association with a SCADAvantage network, each device can have multiple communication paths. When an alternate/backup communication path is in use, the device status reflects this. When the primary path becomes available, the system automatically (or on demand) switches back to it. An operator can manually redirect communication to use the alternate path. Even when not in use, the alternate communication path status is monitored and maintained. Appropriate alarm/event messages are recorded to indicate changes in communication status, as well as corresponding operator/user actions.

As part of the standard product, SCADAvantage Explorer provides a structured view to configure networks, routes, and devices. Summary displays, which support filtering and sorting, are included to provide an overview of all field communications. Explorer provides easy access to the protocol analyzer, communication statistics, and alarm and event logs.

M

ETHODOLOGY

The typical communication mode for networks with devices is in a master/slave or peer-to-peer arrangement. The polling engine sends a request for information to the device, devices that have information then transmit a response (i.e. a query-response

arrangement). Devices within a network are polled individually and sequentially in a round-robin arrangement. Occasionally, additional device status information is requested in between data polls such as accumulator information, read time, synchronize clock, and device-specific statuses. TODO 1.1.1.7 Routes 1.1.1.8 Modems 1.1.1.9 Modem Pools 1.1.1.10 Networks 1.1.1.11 Devices

(24)

D

ATA

P

OLLING

The system polls devices for any tag, or any group of continuous tags, using a time interval on a continuous basis (in seconds, minutes and hours), or at specific time (e.g. relative interval or absolute interval) using the device scheduler.

Raw values from the sensors associated with the field device, or from calculations performed in the field device are stored in the device’s memory. SCADAvantage device types map segments of the overall memory within the field device. In addition, time synchronization and method, and the maximum number of analogs and digitals supported in a single poll, can be defined.

By default, each device is associated with one of the pre-defined device types. Additional polling ranges define what data is retrieved during each poll, how often the poll occurs, and the ability to enable/disable a polling range. Device types provide a simple way to check if polling range definitions are valid.

TODO

1.1.1.12 Settings

E

RROR

H

ANDLING

As each response to a poll is received, the data is checked for validity. The data is validated using the following checks: response received before timeout, response has correct length, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) security code is valid, data values are correct type, data values are within operating limits, and status codes are valid. When any one of the above checks fails, the last good value for the corresponding tag is retained. The status of each tag mapped within a bad response is updated accordingly. The tag status and value is available to operator HMI displays, reports, and 3rd party interfaces.

C

OMMUNICATION

S

TATISTICS

All device communication states are initially reported as numeric codes that are translated to text via the state limits. For each state limit, a separate communication statistic is recorded. Thus, the system records the count of CRC errors, “No Reply” messages, and even protocol specific conditions such as Modbus exception code. In addition to these individual statistics, the system records the total normal, total abnormal, percent successful and average response time.

SCADAvantage records two sets of statistics representing “physical communications” and “logical requests”. For instance, if a single request of a device fails on the first two attempts but succeeds on the third attempt (assuming two or more retries configured) the “physical communication” statistics show 33% success and the “logical request” statistics show 100% success. Communication statistics are recorded for each device and aggregated for every other communication object in SCADAvantage (network, modem, modem pool, route). Communication statistics are recorded as separate hourly, daily and monthly historical logs. These values are automatically reset at the beginning of each of these periods.

The communications summary is useful for monitoring and diagnostics of the field communication network. Both operator HMI displays and SCADAvantage Explorer provides easy access to the communication statistics. The communication summary

(25)

provides filtering and sorting of statistics. Statistics can be viewed on an hourly, daily or monthly basis. The following statistics are provided:

• Current normal percentage (for time period)

• Current abnormal percentage (for time period)

• Previous normal percentage (for time period)

• Seconds in normal state

• Count of connection failures

• Average response time

• Count of communication error

• Count of illegal message

• Seconds of no response (for time period)

• Seconds of total normal (for time period)

• Seconds of total abnormal (for time period)

• Seconds of abnormal (for time period)

C

OMMUNICATION

A

LARMS

The systems records an alarm message when the status of communication with any device or route changes. The message includes communication outage status, communication restored status, security violations, and data quality. The ability to delay alarms is user configurable by route and by device. All objects within the database, including

communication alarms, share a common alarm monitoring process using state limits and state limit groups described elsewhere.

RTU

O

N

/O

FF

S

CAN

C

APABILITY

The system provides the ability to manually place any device in an off-scan state. When in off-scan state a device is not scanned by the polling engine. Any report-by-exception (device-initiated connections) is also ignored. Device quality is flagged as unreliable and scan-inhibited. Once the device is manually placed back on-scan, data is requested and/or processed.

On operator HMI displays and SCADAvantage Explorer a scan-inhibited device (like all other database objects) is displayed in its state text as strikethrough text.

External applications retrieving data from SCADAvantage can also request the off-scan state.

C

OMMUNICATION

D

ATA

A

NALYSIS

U

TILITY

Communication Analyzer is a software protocol analyzer within SCADAvantage. It is used for communication data analysis during verification, testing, and troubleshooting periods. It has a GUI that shows queries from SCADAvantage native polling engine (DVI) to RTUs, and Responses from RTUs to DVI. Queries and responses are shown in Hexadecimal and ASCII formats. The ability to decode or display protocol-specific structure is currently not

(26)

supported. Communication analyzer has a recording feature for recording communication data in a text file for further analysis. Communication analyzer is flexible - it allows users to analyze single/multiple communication network/routes at the same time. The

communication analyzer can be used for all protocols.

The communication analyzer has a configurable view: it allows a user to change text font, enable/disable message highlighting, hide/unhide columns, and hide/unhide message types. It also has an advanced search utility for searching specific kind of

messages/responses within the GUI. The system automatically verifies CRC (security codes) in the underlying response, and also displays incorrect security codes as invalid messages.

P

ROTOCOLS TODO

1.1.1.13 Settings

RTU

T

IME

S

YNCHRONIZATION

SCADAvantage Time Synchronization reads the current date/time from supported devices based on a configured minimum default interval of 1 hour. The read is performed as part of a normal data poll. When read, the current time is recorded in the device to allow for optimized time synchronization. Protocol specific information required to read the date/time from the device (e.g. memory location) is configurable on a protocol specific basis. When a device does not support reading the current date/time, optimization is disabled.

Optimizations include:

• Minimum device clock read interval

• Time last read from device (and when it was read)

• Device time zone

• Minimum and maximum clock difference

• Prevent synchronization around hour boundary

• Adjust device clock for Daylight Savings

The following protocols support time synchronization:

• Adept • BSAP • Eagle • Fisher ROCtalk • GasMicro • HexRepeater • IEC 870-5 • Kimray • Mercury

(27)

• Modbus • PLC5 • Totalflow • DNP3

The following protocols support optimized time synchronization:

• Eagle • GasMicro

• Fisher ROCtalk

• Mercury

• Bristol ENRON Modbus

• Totalflow • DNP3

D

EVICE

S

CHEDULER TODO 1.1.1.14 Settings 1.1.1.15 Schedules 1.1.1.16 Device Management 1.1.1.17 Monitoring 1.1.1.18 Failure Management

P

ERFORMANCE AND

C

APACITY TODO

Data Processing Functions

SCADAvantage provides data processing for the following data types: • Digital alarms and device status

• Analog measurements and alarms

• Accumulated volume information (counters)

• Analog and digital device controls and parameter downloads

C

OMMON

D

ATA

P

ROCESSING

F

UNCTIONS

Data processing functions are common to all point-derived types within the real-time database.

F

IRST

P

ASS

P

ROCESSING

When a device is brought online after an outage, certain device status changes that result in alarms can be inhibited. However, these status changes are still recorded as events

(28)

unless inhibited. This reduces the number of nuisance alarms presented to the operator after system startup. SCADAvantage supports the inhibiting of any alarm condition

included those that result from a normal control operation. However, first-pass processing of alarms due to other conditions such as system startup or device commands is currently not supported.

D

ATA

Q

UALITY

I

NDICATORS

SCADAvantage supports a large number of data quality and flags for a data value. These attributes are used to modify the graphical representation in the operator HMI display. The following table outlines each supported quality and their representation in operator HMI display:

Data Quality HMI Representation Alarm Requires Acknowledge Alarm state text blinking Abnormal Value Alarm state text in bold font Manual Override Alarm state text in italics font

Unreliable Value Alarm state text in strikethrough font Clear Alarm from Display Hides alarm (only on grid display) Data In Alarm Text string of alarm state

Bad Transducer/Invalid Data Text string of alarm state High Alarm Active Text string of high alarm state High/High Alarm Active Text string of high/high alarm state Low Alarm Active Text string of low alarm state Low/Low Alarm Active Text string of low/low alarm state

The following data flags are supported for a data value (but do not appear as indicators on an operator display):

Data Quality Configuration Flag Flag Column in Database Inhibit All Abnormal Alarms Abnormal Alarm Inhibit abnormalinhibit

Control Inhibited Command Inhibited commandinhibit

Device History Collection Enabled

Device-Sourced History Value Collection Enabled

historydevsrcenable

Inhibit All Events Event Inhibit eventinhibit

Inhibit Temporary (Fleeting) Alarms

Fleeting Limit Processing Inhibit

fleetinginhibit Rate-of-Change Alarm Active

(time)

Fleeting Limit, Timed Deviation

Rate-of-Change Alarm Active (value)

Fleeting Limit, Timeless Deviation

History Enabled Host Historical Value Collection Enabled

historyenable Inhibit Manual Override Events Manual Event Inhibit manualinhibit Inhibit All Alarms & Events Master Inhibit masterinhibit Alarm Inhibited Normal Alarm Inhibit normalinhibited Alarm Inhibited for First Pass Normal Alarm Inhibit normalinhibited

(29)

Processing

Auto-Acknowledge Return to Normal

RTN Alarm Acknowledge enablertnautoack Deactivated/Scan Inhibit Scan Inhibit scaninhibit Select Before Operate Select-Check Before

Operate

scboenable Calculated Point/State Software Point software

Override Inhibits for Alarm Callout Suspend Suppression Rules suspendsuppressionrules

Delete Pending deletepending

Exclude Point from Replication History Backfill

excludefrombackfill

Select Before Operate Override scbolockoverriderequest

Select Before Operate Requested scbolockrequest

Only manual, scaninhibit, and abnormal (in alarm) are carried through to all subsequent calculations using the logical "OR". Reliable uses a logical "AND" in all subsequent calculations.

The following quality indicators and flags are stored in history along with each value:

Data Quality Historical Data Column

Abnormal Value abnormal

Manual Override manual

Unreliable Value reliable

Data In Alarm statetext

Bad Transducer/Invalid Data statetext

High Alarm Active statetext

High/High Alarm Active statetext

Low Alarm Active statetext

Low/Low Alarm Active statetext

Alarm Priority statewincolor

Deactivated/Scan Inhibit scaninhibit

A

CTIVATE

/D

EACTIVATE

SCADAvantage allows value updates to a tag to be activated and deactivated by an operator using the scan inhibit flag. All operator changes to activate/deactivate are recorded in an audit trail (Maintenance Log). Groups of tags can be activated and deactivated via a single update SQL command. When a tag deactivated, all attempts to update the value are rejected and no alarms or event are generated.

SCADAvantage Explorer includes a standard summary which allows filtering to show all deactivated tags. This same summary is available in the operator HMI display. The data in the summary display can be printed, exported to text file, and included in reports. Scan inhibit appears on operator displays as an unreliable value with strikethrough font. Scan inhibit is recorded in history with each value and the unreliable flag is propagated to any calculated points.

(30)

I

NHIBIT

/E

NABLE

SCADAvantage allows the operator (with sufficient privilege) to inhibit and enable the alarm processing for any tag. The operator may inhibit/enable any group of tags in the system with a single SQL update command. When a tag is inhibited, it is processed as normal except no alarms are generated to the operator.

Tag alarms remain inhibited until the operator manually enables alarming. Timed alarm inhibit is not currently supported. All operator changes to inhibit or enable tag alarms are recorded in an audit trail with an appropriate message (Event Log).

SCADAvantage Explorer includes a standard summary which allows filtering to show all inhibited tag alarms. This same summary is available in the operator HMI display. The data in the summary display can be printed, exported to text file, and included in reports. Tag alarm inhibit is not recorded in history and not propagated to any calculated points. When importing historical data, data is handled using the normal alarm processing. However, when the tags inhibit alarms flag is enabled, historical alarms are not generated.

S

ILENT

A

LARM

/N

ORMAL

A

LARM

Audible alarms can be configured for any tag in the system. The configuration allows a sound file to be played to various types of audio equipment. Sounds can be either played once or continuously until acknowledged. The operator may silence any group of tags in the system with a single SQL update command. When a point is in the silent alarm mode, normal alarm processing takes place except the audible alarm remains silent. If multiple alarm messages have been configured with different associated sounds, the highest priority, oldest unacknowledged alarm is the one annunciated. All operator changes to silence tag alarms are recorded in an audit trail with an appropriate message (Event Log). Tag silence alarm is not recorded in history and not propagated to any calculated points. Operator HMI has the ability to mute all audible sounds from the main display screen for that workstation. A single click silences the current alarm, and a double-click mutes all sounds.

M

ANUAL

D

ATA

O

VERRIDE

The operator can override scanned data from any device with a manually entered value on a tag-by-tag basis. It is not necessary to stop scanning the device in order to override a value. The manual override flag in the database indicates a tag has a manual value. The manual value is used for all display and calculation functions. Currently, it is not possible for the operator to view the current value (non-overridden value from the device) while the tag is manually overridden.

SCADAvantage Explorer includes a standard summary which allows filtering to show all manually overridden tags. This same summary is available in the operator HMI display. The data in the summary display can be printed, exported to text file, and included in reports. Each time a tag value is manually overridden it is recorded in history and

propagated to any calculated points. All operator changes to manually override tag values are recorded in an audit trail with an appropriate message (Event Log).

(31)

The system allows the operator to change the manually override a tag at any time. When the manual override flag is cleared, the system resumes polling the device.

H

IGH

-L

EVEL

C

ONDITIONS

SCADAvantage provides high-level settings in order to prevent invalid operation of the system. For example, control sequences and triggers can be configured to monitor and initiate emergency shutdown when certain operational conditions are met. In another case, replication control modes can prevent two operators from controlling at the same time. Finally, select-before-operate also prevents two operators from controlling at the same time. In all cases, configuration of these scenarios is maintained by administrators and operators with sufficient privileges.

TODO

• Fast Scanning • Report-by-Exception • Unit Conversion and Scaling

D

IGITAL

D

ATA

SCADAvantage supports processing for digital inputs that enter the system as single bit binary data, and multiple bit digital values consisting of contiguous or non-contiguous groups of binary data using bitmasks. An unlimited number of inputs can be associated with digital value. SCADAvantage evaluates the state of a digital using “State Limit”

functionality. State limits are defined in the database and can be associated with a specific tag, or more typically, shared between many tags. State limits allow a list of conditions to be defined that specify the appropriate state for a point. For instance, a 2 bit valve indicator might be defined by the state limit where “Equal 0” evaluates to “valve transit” and “Equal 1” evaluates to “valve open”. Each state can be independently flagged with abnormal, inhibit, or state delay times. Digital values are updated in the database with current discrete data from the device as it is polled. This live information is available to operator HMI displays, calculations and 3rd party applications.

This concept extends to all tags in the SCADAvantage including analogs and even device states. Device states are evaluated using state limits. Communication errors are reported back as an integer which is translated to language specific text using state limits. In many cases a range of integers is grouped together as “Communication Error” but the underlying value is also available for debugging purposes.

T

WO

-S

TATE

V

ARIABLES

SCADAvantage state limits allow two-state values to be defined and supports the case where 1 = On and 0 = Off, as well as the case when 1 = Off and 0 = On. When a digital value from the device matches a state with an alarm, the alarm is generated using standard alarm processing. The following lists some of the possible state limit definitions:

• Alarm one way (0 to 1 transition) • Alarm one way (1 to 0 transition)

• Alarm two ways (0 to 1 and 1 to 0 transition) • 1 = Alarm, 0 = Normal

203 SCADAvantage Technical Description

SCADAvantage Technical Description

Table of Contents

SCADA

S

S

General Software Overview

S

P

O

S

N

S

D

L

U

D

A

A

P

I

(API)

S

S

V

P

H

-L

D

V

Databases and Tools

R

-

D

G

D

O

D

A

S

P

N

C

D

A

D

S

I

U

-D

D

M

E

D

D

E

D

P

G

R

-T

D

H

D

H

S

A

H

D

SCADAvantage System Operation

O

S

S

-

S

SCADA

S

S

-

S