Prospects for creating a multi-purpose land information database
1 M.Ruzmetov, 2 B.Makhsudov, 3 R. Turayev, 4 S.Tashpulatov
1. Deputy Chairman of the State Committee on Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography and State Cadastre. 2. Head of International Relations Department of the State Scientific and Design Institute on Land Management
“Uzdavyerloyiha”.
3. Director General of the State Scientific and Design Institute on Land Management “Uzdavyerloyiha”. 4. Head of the Department of Geodesy and Cartography of the Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction
E-mail: 1[email protected], 2[email protected], 3[email protected], 4[email protected]
1. INTRODUCTION:
Land and other natural resources are a source of life for the entire population of the planet. The use of these resources is also adversely affected by climate change, natural disasters, and various political differences. Poor governance also impedes economic growth and sustainable land use. On the contrary, the rational and efficient use and management of land resources contributes not only to the social and economic development of the country, but also contributes to a better solution to issues such as food security and environmental protection.
Availability of land information improves land valuation, taxation and zoning [3]. The formation of a land information system is the basis for the development of land and other natural resources, food security, sustainable development and environmental protection and helps to provide citizens with uninterrupted access to land information and free competition in the use of land and natural resources. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the “Land Information System” (LIS) is defined as a tool for making legal, administrative and economic decisions and planning, and, on the one hand, it is a database containing geophysical data about a specific land plot, and, on the other hand, methods and measures for collecting, updating, processing and disseminating geophysical data. The LIS has a single spatial coordinate system that allows it to interact with other ground-based information systems”. [4].
2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Land resources
The State Committee for Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography and the State Cadastre of the Republic of Uzbekistan is engaged in recording and management of land resources in the Republic of Uzbekistan (Goscomzemgeodezcadastr). The Committee annually publishes the “National Report on the State Land Resources in the Republic of Uzbekistan” and the “Land Fund of the Republic of Uzbekistan”.
The national report on the state land resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan as of January 1, 2018 is based on data on all changes in the lands of enterprises, institutions, farms and organizations for the reporting year, as well as on the basis of annual land reports united in the country, approved by resolutions of regional, city and local administratores of districts [5].
In accordance with Article 8 of the Land Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Land Fund of the Republic of Uzbekistan is divided into 8 categories in accordance with the purpose and procedure for the use of land [6].
As of January 1, 2019, the total area of the administrative border of the Republic of Uzbekistan is 44896.9 thousand ha. The total area of land used by enterprises, organizations, institutions, farms and citizens throughout the republic is 44892.4 thousand ha, of which 3694.6 thousand ha are irrigated land [7].
Abstract: Land management plays an important role in the economic and social development of all countries. Land management has four functions: land tenure management, land value determination, land use and its development [1]. In developing countries, the four functions of land management vary by political, economic, and social development.
Lack of proper land registration in the land market is one of the challenges that many developing countries face. [2]. One of the reasons for this problem is that land information is not integrated and is maintained by various organizations.
This article focuses on the integration of land information and analyzes the problems of developing a single multi-purpose land - information database based on the experience of developed countries.
A number of measures have been taken in the country to organize the rational and efficient use of land, regulate land relations and strengthen state control over land use. In order to improve the proper cadastral registration of all lands, to ensure the full and timely receipt of land tax, all real estate, regardless of ownership, are subject to registration [8], [9]. As of 2017, 6.17 million real estate properties were registered throughout the country [5]. These activities were carried out mainly on settlements, industrial, transport, communications, defense and other lands, which make up 2.42% of the land fund.
At the same time, insufficient work is being done on the effective organization of state control over land use, the introduction of modern technologies in this industry, and land accounting 10]. Geobotanical studies were not conducted in the existing 21 million hectares’ pastures, over the past 25-30 years, from 35 to 40% of pastures and hayfields have degraded, species and number of plants have decreased by 20%, and the productivity of hayfields and pastures has decreased by 1.5-2 times.
3. MATERIALS:
Cartographic Basis
Topographic maps and plans, as well as thematic maps, can be used to create a multi-purpose land database. Maps used for land management and maintaining the state land cadastre until 2000 were developed by the traditional method, that is, maps were drawn and measured manually [11]. Since 2000, work on compiling modern electronic digital maps and calculating land areas has been fully computerized and carried out in an automated system. Currently, ministries and departments that maintain a unified system of state cadastres use cartographic basics. The development of the cartographic basis is mainly carried out by the Committee of the Goscomzemgeodezcadastr (topographic maps and plans, soil maps and other thematic maps) and the Ministry of Construction (maps and plans of settlements). In 2011-2016, the Committee of the Goskomzemgeodezkadastr updated digital agricultural maps of 29 regions of the country [12].
Cartographic data necessary for the formation of the land information database
Table 2
№
Types of cartographic
basis
Scale Degree of coverage
Update
period Form Implementator
1 Topographic
maps
1:1 000 000 1:200 000 1:25 000 1:10 000 Fully Fully Fully Fully - - Periodic Periodic Digital Digital Digital Digital Goscomzemgeodezcadastr Goscomzemgeodezcadastr Goscomzemgeodezcadastr Goscomzemgeodezcadastr
2 Soil maps 1:750 000 1:10 000 Fully Fully - Periodic Digital Digital Goskomzemgeodezkadastr Goskomzemgeodezkadastr
3 Topographic
plans 1:2000 1:1000 1:500 Settlements Periodic Periodic Periodic Digital Digital Digital Goskomzemgeodezkadastr The Ministry of Construction The Ministry of Construction The Ministry of Construction
4 Agricultural
maps 1:25 000 1:10 000 Agricultural land Periodic Periodic Digital Digital Goskomzemgeodezkadastr Goskomzemgeodezkadastr
The state of formation of the land information system
Along with the creation of digital land cadastral maps, the creation of a land information system has already been undertaken with the help of ministries and departments and international grant funding (Table 3).
potential of the republic and its regions, the operational provision of cadastral information necessary for government and regulatory bodies, legal entities and individuals [14].
Completed projects for the formation of land information systems Table 3
№ System name Implementator Years Current
state Current user
1 UzLR 1.4 “Land Registration, 1
st phase” TACIS
project (EuropeAID)
1998-1999 Inactive
Goskomzemgeodezkadastr (Uzgeodezkadastr)
2 UzLR 2.0 “Land Registration, 2
nd phase” TACIS
project (EuropeAID)
2001-2002 Inactive
Goskomzemgeodezkadastr (Uzgeodezkadastr)
3
“Creation of an integration cadastral system of land management and state registration of real estate” project (ADB)
2004-2005 Inactive
Goscomzemgeodezcadastr (State Land Committee)
4 UzLR 2.1 “Land Registration, 3
rd phase” TACIS
project (EuropeAID)
2006-2007 Inactive Goscomzemgeodezcadastr
5 Real Estate 3 Goscomzemgeodezcadastr (Local) 2010 Active Goscomzemgeodezcadastr
6 Agroonline.uz Ministry of Agriculture 2018 Active Ministry of Agriculture, Goscomzemgeodezcadastr
7 InnoLA
“Development of a National Geographic Information System (NGIS)” EDCF project
2018 Active Goscomzemgeodezcadastr
EuropeAid, ADB and EDCF sought to integrate attributes and graphic information in the formation of land information systems, and the Committee of the Goskomzemgeodezkadastr and other ministries and departments created graphic and attribute databases for the automation of real estate and land resources. The Committee of the Goskomzemgeodezkadastr has developed the “Real Estate 3” system for registering real estate objects and the “AgroOnline” system of the Unified electronic database of farmers and dekhkan farms and agricultural enterprises. These local systems are not integrated with graphic information.
4. ANALISYS:
The need to improve the methodology for creating a multi-purpose land information system
With an increase in population and increasing pressure on land and the environment [15]. The country's population is more than 33.3 million people [16]. This requires food security and social protection of the population, rational and efficient use of available land resources.
Today, the need for a land information system and cooperation with various ministries and departments is growing. State bodies, private enterprises, universities and research institutes are involved in the development of integrated system components. The development and implementation of each component will be entrusted to a specific developer at the central, regional and district levels.
The system provides complete and reliable information not only about landowners and land users, but also about land resources: land use, zoning, land cadastre, address register, geographical names of the area and names of other geophysical objects.
The new system will gradually integrate existing systems into a single platform, reducing the time required for updating databases, labor costs and maintenance costs. It also serves users as a single geoportal form In addition, various agencies can avoid the same type of data, which will allow for comprehensive land records [17].
5. FINDINGS:
The conceptual process of creating geodatabases and their relationship
In the formation of the geographic database, the interconnection of each component is important, and the figure shows their interconnection.
Making decisions
The Multipurpose Land Information System and the National Geographic Information System (MLIS / NGIS) are important tools for the rational and efficient use of land resources, land monitoring and operational decisions.
The following basic information is required to make reliable and integrated decisions: Accessible cartographic base;
Administrative - territorial borders; Automobile and railway systems; Engineering networks;
Multi-purpose land database forming process model
Basic data Geodatabase Results
4
-
st
ep
s
te
p
2
-
st
ep
3
-
st
ep
Картографик асос Математик асос
Топографик план, харита
Интеграллашган қатламлар
Ерларни меъёрий баҳолаш
Кадастр хариталари Математик асосга
туширилган кадастр қатламлари Интеграллашган
кадастр қатламлари
Матнли маълумотлар
Кўчмас мулк кадастри базаси (1С-недвижимость
Шаҳарсозлик хариталари
Шаҳарсозлик кадастри қатламлари
Ҳудудларга ажратиш қатламлари Меъёрий
баҳо Ер
кадастр китоби
Фермер
(Source: Based on the Korean Land Information System Database)
Land boundaries;
Qualitative assessment of land; Demography (population density); Zoning (division into territories); Address register;
Emergency management; Objects of education and health; Water bodies;
Recreation areas.
Currently, there is no single geodatabase that local authorities, government agencies and other legal and physical persons could contact when making operational decisions. Decision makers and enterprise managers need baseline data to address the following issues:
- Control over the process of project implementation; - Identification of opportunities and limitations;
- Assessment of the work process and their monitoring; - Making operational decisions on issues;
- Transparency of real estate transactions; - Private sector activity;
The Committee (Goscomzemgeodezcadastr) has several data on state cadastres and these data are updated annually. However, this geo-information is not available. It is necessary to generalize the data of state cadastres and create a multi-purpose land database for the continuous delivery of open information to users via the Internet.
6. CONCLUSION:
Currently, land cadastre maps, the cartographic basis of the National Geographic Information System (NGIS) and the boundaries of the administrative-territorial units are part of a multi-purpose land information system.
Legal documents on land adopted in recent years (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan №251 of March 8, 2016, №299 of April 23, 2019, №599 of July 17, 2019, and Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 3024 of May 31, 2019, №5742 of June 17, 2019) indicate the need for information on land at the state level. The need for integrated land information and a regulatory framework to meet this need provide the basis for a multi-purpose land information system.
7. RECOMMENDATIONS:
The introduction of promising land management methods contributes to the sustainable development of society, economic and social development, and the satisfaction of citizens' information needs. This, in turn, requires the consistent implementation of tasks in the following important areas:
- systematic registration of land in rural areas for the formation of land cadastral information about them; - providing all landowners and land users with legal documents for land use;
- ensuring the implementation of a unified state policy aimed at creating a system of economic incentives for the rational use and protection of land;
- monitoring of land at the level of modern requirements, ensuring the accuracy and quality of information; - maintenance and improvement of the automated land information system;
- improving the skills and qualifications of specialists through the study of advanced technologies, scientific developments, teaching aids;
- coordination of the exchange of information with interested ministries, state committees and departments involved in maintaining the state land cadastre;
- creation and maintenance of a base for the systematic collection, analysis, storage and updating of information from units of the Committee for the maintenance of the Unified System of the State Geographic Database.
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