Tamil Grade 12& 13 syllabus.pdf

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(1)fy;tpg;nghJj;juhjug;gj;jpuk; (cau;juk;) juk; - 12>13. jkpo jkpo; ghlj;jpl;lk; (2009 Mk; Mz; b ypUe; J eilKiwg; g Lj; j g; g Lk; ). jkpo; n khopj; J iw nkhopfs; > khDltpay; ; > r%f tpQ; Q hdgP l k; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; ,yq; i f. i.

(2) 1 . 0 mwpKfk; typik kpf;f njhlu;ghlY}lfkhfpa nkhop> kdpjdpd; cd;dj gilg;GfSs; xd;whFk;. ve;jnthU r%fKk; mjd; Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf me;jr; r%fj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l epakq;fSf;F mikthfg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; nrhy;yhlNy nkhop vdf; $wyhk;. kdpjdpd; rpe;jid tpUj;jpf;Fk; mwpifg;Gy tpupiff;Fk; nkhop ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. mj;Jld; xU r%fj;jpd; jdpj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpj;J epw;gJk; nkhopahFk;.. nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jp ,yf;fpaq;fs; gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nkhopAk; ,yf;fpaKk; NtWgpupf;f KbahjthW gpd;dpg; gpize;Js;sd. nkhop vd;gJ kdpj tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila Xu; caupa fiyahf;fkhFk;. ,yf;fpak; kdpjdJ kdjpy; ,uridAzu;itj; J}z;b> Gj;Jzu;t+l;Lk; jd;ikAilaJ. vdNt> czu;jpwd; kpff ; cs;sj;ijAk; Mf;fg+u;tkhd rpej ; idiaAk; nfhz;Nlhiu cUthf;FtNj nkhopAk; ,yf;fpaKk; ,ize;j ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.. Gjpa fy;tp kWrPuikg;Gf;F mika ghlrhiyj; njhFjpapy; Nju;r;rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fiyj;jpl;lk; mwpKfQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;gb fy;tpg; nghJj;juhju cau;ju jkpo;g;ghlj;Jf;fhf> VO gpujhd Nju;r;rpfspd; fPo; nkhop> ,yf;fpag; ghl cs;slf;fk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Nju;r;rpfis milaj;jf;f tifapy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia xOq;F nra;jy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.. ii.

(3) Gjpa fy;tp vz;zf;fUf;fSf;Nfw;g khztiu topg;gLj;JtNj Gjpa fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwiag; GJikg;gLj;jp khztuJ milT, kjpg;gPl;Lg; gz;ghl;bypUe;J fzpg;gPl;Lg; gz;ghl;bw;Fr; nry;tjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Nju;rr ; pfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fy;tpia toq;Ftjw;Fk; Njitahd tplaq;fs; ,g;ghlj;jpll ; j;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.. nraw;wpl;l kjpg;gPL> fzpg;gPL Nghd;w vz;zf;fUf;fisg; Gjpjhf mwpKfQ; nra;J mtw;wpd; Clhf> f.ngh.j cau;ju khztiu xU rPuhd Fwpg;Gfis kddk; nra;Ak; epiyapy; ,Ue;J tpLtpj;J> mwpitj;Njbr; nry;gtuhf khw;Wtjw;fhd J}z;ly; ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.. jfty; njhopDl;gk;> (Information Technology) gue;J tpupe;j njhlu;ghly; tiyaikg;G Nghd;w gy;NtW etPd njhopDl;gr; rhjdq;fis Kiwaw;wtifapy; gad;gLj;JtNjhL mtw;wpdJ ghjfkhd tpisTfSf;Fg; ngUk;ghyhd khztu;fs; Ml;gl;Ls;sdu;. mtu;fisr; rupahd nkhopg;gad;ghl;bd;ghy; topg;gLj;JtJk; njhy;ngUk; ,yf;fpag; gilg;Gfs;> jukhd Mf;fq;fs;> jw;fhy ciueil kw;Wk; ftpijg; gilg;Gfis thrpj;J eae;J> mit njhlu;ghd Mf;fg+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;fr; nra;tJk; Mrpupau; cl;gl %j;Njhu; midtuJk; nghWg;ghFk;.. tFg;giwf; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd;NghJk; ghl ,izr; nraw;ghLfspd;NghJk; ,yf;fpa eaj;jYf;Fk; vz;zf;fU tpUj;jpf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdthW E}y;fis thrpf;Fk; tifapy; khztiu topg;gLj;JtJk; mwpitj; Njbg;ngWtjw;Nfw;wthW khztu;ikaf; fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwiaj; jpl;lkpLtJk; Mrpupau;fspd; nghWg;ghFk;.. fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwfisg; GJikg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;> khztu; ikaf; fw;wy; nrad;Kiwia tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; Mrpupau;fSf;F cWJizahf mikAk;. iii.

(4) 2 . 0 ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;. Nehf;fq;fs;. •. nkhoptopahfj; njspthfr; rpe;jpg;gjw;Fk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; njhlu;ghlYf;Fk; Ntz;ba Nju;rr ; pfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.. •. ,yf;fpaj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sTk; ,urpf;fTk; tpku;rdQ; nra;aTk; Ntz;ba Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;sy;.. •. gy;NtW ,yf;fpa tbtq;fspd; mikg;ig mwpe;J mtw;Wld; njhlu;Gila Mf;fq;fisg; gilf;Fk; jpwid tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.. •. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;fpidAk; mjd; gz;GfisAk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;.. •. mbg;gil ,yf;fz mwpit tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;sy;.. •. ,yf;fpa toptUk; khDl gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fis ,dq;fz;L. iv. tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;.. }.

(5) 12 Mk; 13 Mk; juq;fSf;Fupa xt;nthU jtizf;Fkhd Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;. juk;. jtiz. 13 Mk; juk;. ghlNtis. 1.0 - 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5 2.0 - 2.1> 2.2> 2.3 3.0 - 3.1> 3.2> 3.3. 4.0 - 4.2 5.0 - 5.1> 5.2 7.0 - 7.2> 7.3. 85. 1.0 - 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4 2.0 - 2.1> 2.2> 2.3 3.0 - 3.1> 3.2> 3.3. 5.0 - 5.1> 5.2 6.0 - 6.1> 6.2 7.0 - 7.1> 7.2> 7.3> 7.4. 95. 4.0 - 4.2 5.0 - 5.1> 5.2 6.0 - 6.1> 6.2. 7.0 - 7.4. %d;whk; jtiz. 1.0 - 1.4 2.0 - 2.1> 2.2> 2.3 3.0 - 3.1> 3.2> 3.3. 95. Kjyhk; jtiz. 1.0 - 1.3> 1.4> 1.5 2.0 - 2.1> 2.2> 2.3 3.0 - 3.1> 3.2> 3.3. 4.0 - 4.1> 4.2 5.0 - 5.1> 5.2 6.0 - 6.1> 6.2. 7.0 - 7.3. 1.0 - 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5 2.0 - 2.1> 2.2> 2.3 3.0 - 3.1> 3.2> 3.3. 4.0 - 4.1> 4.2 5.0 - 5.1> 5.2 6.0 - 6.1> 6.2. 7.0 - 7.5. ,uz;lhk; jtiz. 4.0 - 4.1> 4.2. %d;whk; jtiz. 1.0 - 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5 2.0 - 2.1> 2.2> 2.3 3.0 - 3.1> 3.2> 3.3. Kjyhk; jtiz 12 Mk; juk;. Nju; r ; r pfSk; Nju; r ; r p kl; l q; f Sk;. ,uz;lhk; jtiz. v. 85. 95. 30.

(6) 3 . 0 ghlj;jpl;lk; Nju; r ; r p. 1.0. njhlu;ghly; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; fl;LUthf; fj; jpwd; cs;stuh fr; nraw;gLthu;.. Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. 1.1. ghl cs;slf;fk;. nray; j pwDk; tpisjpwDk; cs;s Nfl;Nghuhfr; nraw;gL thu;.. -. 1.2. re;ju;g;gj;jpw;Fk; #o;epiyf;Fk; Vw;wtifapy; gz;NghL ciu ahLthu;.. -. vi. jfty;fisAk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisAk; ,dq; fz;L $Wjy;. Nfl;Lf; fpufpj;J jfty;fisAk; juTfis Ak; Nrfupj; J mtw; i w xOq; F gLj; j pf; $Wjy;. tplaq;fisf; Nfl;L xUkpj;j xU KbTf;F tUjy; . xg;G Nehf;Fjy;. njhFj;Jf; $Wjy;> RUf;fpf; $Wjy;. Ra mgpg;gpuhaq;fisj; njuptpj;jy;. jkJ fUj;Jf;fisAk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisAk; czu;TfisAk; gz;Gld; ntspg;gLj;jy;. Fwpg;gpl;l tplak; rk;ge;jkhd tptuq;fis myRjy; . jkJ fUj;ij typAWj;jpf; $Wjy;. gaDWjpAs; s tifapy; fUj; J f; f isg; gupkhwy;. fUj;Jf;fisj; jkJ nrhe;j mDgtj;Jld; njhlu;GgLj;jp Nfl;Nghu; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; tptupj;jy;. crhtp mwpe;jtw;iw ntspg;gLj;jy;.. ghl Ntisfs;. 10. 10.

(7) Nju; r ; r p. Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. 1.3. ghl cs;slf;fk;. vz; z q; f isAk; mgpg; g puhaq; fisAk; Gyg;gLj;jpg; gz;NghL NgRthu;.. -. -. 1.4. Fwpj;j tplak; njhlu;ghf ntt; NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; epfo;r;rp fspYk; jkJ fUj; J f; f is Mw;wYld; Kd;itg;ghu;.. vii. -. jiyg;nghd;wpidj; njupTnra;jy;. jiyg;Gf;Nfw;gg; NgRjy;. fUj; i j Kd; i tg; g jw; F g; nghUj; j khd rl;lfj;ij mikj;jy;. ,yf;fpid mikj;Jg; NgRjy;. FWfpa Neu mtfhrj;jpy; Maj;jg;gLj;jpg; NgRjy;. nghUj;jkhd njhlu;fs;> gonkhopfs;> Nkw;Nfhs;fs; Kjypatw;iwf; ifahz;L NgRjy;. Nfl;Nghiu <u;f;Fk; tifapYk; cld;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; NgRjy;. Neu tiuaiwfisf; (,lk;> fhyk;> #oy;) fUj;jpw;nfhz;L NgRjy;. Nkilg;Ngr;R ftpauq;fk; tpthjk; RoYk; nrhw;Nghu;> gl;bkd;wk;> tof;fhL kd;wk;.. ghl Ntisfs;. 15. 20.

(8) Nju; r ; r p. 2.0. Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. ghl cs;slf;fk;. 1.5. gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fs; Nehf;fq; fSf;F Vw;g nraw;gLthu;. -. thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp nra;jp thrpj;jy;. epfo;r;rpfisj; njhFj;J toq;Fjy;. Neu;Kf tu;zid nra;jy;. eilKiwj; NjitfSf;fhf vOJjy;. mwpf;ifg;gLj;jy;> mwpf;if vOJjy;.. nra;As; ,yf;fpaq; 2.1 fisf; fw; W mit $Wk; tplaq; f isAk; jkJ fUj; J fisAk; nrk;ikahd nkhop eilapy; Kd;itg;ghu;.. capu;j;Jbg;Gs;s fl;LUthf;fr; nraw; w pwDila thrfuhfr; nraw;gLthu;.. nra;As; ,yf;fpaq;fis <Lghl;Lld; thrpj;j;y;. fUj;ijf; fz;Lnfhs;tjw;fhd cghaq; fisg; gad;gLj;jp thrpj;jy; Kd;ida mwpT> mDgtk;> tpsf;fk; Mfpa tw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; thrpj;J>fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;Fjy;. xU tplaj;ijg; gw;wp gy;NtWgl;l fUj;Jf; fis cs;thq;fp njspthd epiyg;ghl;bw;F tUjy; . thrpj;Jg; ngw;w mDgtq;fis VidNahU ld; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;sy;.. -. -. -. 2.2. Fwpj;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dzpia mwpe;J $Wthu;.. fhy tiuaiw murpay;> r%f> rka> fyhrhu> nghUshjhu epiyikfs;. 2.3. ghlj; i j (Text) mtjhdkhff; fpufpj; J vOj; J g; nghwpKiwfisAk; vOj;jhf;f El;gq;fis Ak; mDrupj;Jf; fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.. ikaf;fUj;J> Jizf; fUj;Jf;fis ,dq; fz;L vOJjy;. nra;Aisr; re;jpgpupj;Jk; nfhz;L $l;bAk; vOJjy;.. viii. ghl Ntisfs;. 15. 25. 15. 20.

(9) Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. Nju; r ; r p. ghl cs;slf;fk;. -. 3.0. ciueil ,yf;fpaq; 3.1 fisf; fw; W mit $Wk; tplaq;fisAk; jkJ fUj; J fisAk; nrk;ikahd nkhop eilapy; Kd;itg;ghu;.. capu; j ; J bg; G s; s fl; L Uthf; f r; nraw;wpwDila thrfuhfr; nraw;gLthu;.. -. 3.2. ,yf;fpaq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpdd ; zpia mwpe;J $Wthu;.. ix. -. ghl Ntisfs;. mUk;gjq;fis ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpd; nghUis vOJjy;. nra;Aspd; nghUis ,f;fhy ciueilapy; vOJjy;. fpufpj;J vOJjy;. Fwpg;ngLj;jy;. RUf;fp vOJjy;. tpupj;J vOJjy;. njhFj;J vOJjy;. eae;J vOJjy;. tpku;rpj;J vOJjy;. ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fis <Lghl;Lld; thrpj;jy;. tplaq;fisf; fpufpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cghaq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp thrpj;jy;. Kd;ida mwpT> mDgtk;> tpsf;fk; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; thrpj;J fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;Fjy;. xU tplaj;ijg; gw;wpg; gy;NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;fpj; njspthd epiyg;ghl;bw;F tUjy;;. thrpj;Jg; ngw;w mDgtq;fis VidNahUld; gfpu;e;J nfhs;Sjy;. fhy tiuaiw murpay;> r%f> rka> fyhrhu> nghUshjhu epiyikfs;. 20. 20.

(10) Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. Nju; r ; r p. 3.3. ghl cs;slf;fk;. ghlj; i j (Text) mtjhdkhff; fpufpj; J vOj; J g; nghwpKiw fisAk; vOj;jhf;f El;gq;fisAk; mDrupj; J f; fUj; J f; f is Kd; itg;ghu;.. -. ikaf; fUj;J> Jizf;fUj;Jf;fis ,dq;fz;L vOJjy;. fpufpj;J vOJjy;. Fwpg;ngLj;jy;. RUf;fp vOJjy;. njhFj;J vOJjy;. eae;J vOJjy;. tpku;rpj;J vOJjy;.. ghl Ntisfs;. 20. 4.0 ,yf;fpaq;fisf; 4.1 fw; g jD}lhfj; juk; tha;e;j Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;ghu;.. gy;NtW Mf;fq;fis thrpj;Jf; • fpufpj;J> mtw;wpy; ,lk; ngWk; nkhopf; $Wfisg; gFj;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.. nrhy;> nrhw;nwhlu;> thf;fpak; mUQ;nrhw;fs;> kuGj;njhlu;fs;> ctikj;njhlu;fs;> fiyr;nrhw;fs;> ,iznkhopfs;> mLf;fpLf;Fj; njhlu;fs;. (fl;Liu> rpWfij> nra;As;> ftpij> ehlfk;> fbjk;> mwpf;if.....). 20. 4.2. Mf; f q; f is thrpj; J g; ngw; w mDgtj;jpd; Clhfr; Ra Mf;fq;fisg; gilg;ghu;. -. ftpij fl;Liu rpWfij ehlfk;. 15. jkpo; , y f ; f p a 5.1 tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;Ffis mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.. fhyg; g Fg; g pd; gpd; d zpiaAk; mt; t f; f hyg; g Fjpapy; vOe; j ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itg;ghu;. -. fhytiuaiw murpay;> r%f> rka> fyhrhu> nghUshjhu epiyik. (rq;ffhyk; Kjy; jw;fhyk; tiuapyhd ,yf;fpaq;fs;.). 25. 5.0. x.

(11) Nju; r ; r p. 6.0. 7.0. Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. 5.2. Gytu; f s; > gilg; g hspfspdJ gilg; g hw; w y; jpwd; f isAk; gilg; G f; f s; gw; w pAk; vLj; J f; $Wtu;.. 6.1. ghl Ntisfs;. -. ghLnghUs;> Gytu;fs; /gilg;ghspfs; ifahz;l mzpfs;> Xir mtu;fspd; nkhopahl;rp> tbtk;> fw;gidj; jpwd;> cyfg; ghu;it. (rq; f fhyk; Kjy; jw; f hyk; tiuapyhd Gytu;fSk; ,yf;fpag; gilg;ghspfSk;.). 20. fhyg; gFg;gpd; gpd;dzpiaAk; mt;tf;fhyg; gFjpapy; vOe;j ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itg;ghu;.. -. fhytiuaiw murpay;> r%f> rka> fyhrhu> nghUshjhu epiyik. Mupar; rf;futu;jj ; pfs; fhyk; Kjy; jw;fhyk; tiuapyhd ,yf;fpaq;fs;.. 25. 6.2. Gytu; f s; > gilg; g hspfspdJ gilg; g hw; w y; jpwd; f isAk; gilg; G f; f s; gw; w pAk; vLj; J f; $Wthu;.. -. ghLnghUs; > Gytu; f s; / gilg; g hspfs; ifahz; l mzpfs; > Xir mtu; f spd; nkhopahl;rp> tbtk;> fw;gidj; jpwd;> cyfg; ghu;it. (Mupar; rf;futu;jj ; pfs; fhyk; Kjy; jw;fhyk; tiuapyhd Gytu;fSk; ,yf;fpag; gilg;ghspfSk;.). 25. 7.1. nkhopapd; ,d; w paikahik> tsu; r ; r p> nraw; g hL> mtw; w pd; gpd; d zp vd; g tw; i w mwpe; J $Wthu;.. -. nkhopapd; tsu;r;rp r%f tho;tpy; nkhop gpwnkhopj; njhlu;G mwptpay; tsu;;r;rpf;F nkhop Ngr;R tof;F> vOj;J tof;F.. 20. <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhWg; Nghf;Ffis mwpe;J fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itg;ghu;.. nkhopaikg;ig (kuG> jw; f hyk; ) mwpe; J nkhopiar; nrk;ik ahff; ifahs;thu;.. ghl cs;slf;fk;. xi. -.

(12) Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. Nju; r ; r p. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. ghl cs;slf;fk;. vOj; J f; f spd; tiffisAk; njhiffisAk; mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jthu;.. •. vOj; j pay;. -. vOj;Jf;fspd; tif khj;jpiu vOj;Jf;fspd; guk;gy; vOj;Jf;fspd; xypg;G Kiw khw;nwhyp. nrhw;fisg; nghUswpe;J Nru;jJ ; k; gpupj;Jk; vOJthu;.. •. gjtpay;. -. gFgjk;> gfhg;gjk; gFgj cWg;Gfs;. •. Gzupay;. -. mfg;Gzu;r;rp> Gwg;Gzu;r;rp Ntw;Wikg; Gzu;r;rp my;topg;Gzu;r;rp ,ay;G> tpfhuk;. •. nrhy; ; y pay; nrhw;ghFghL %tif nkhop ,ay;G> jFjp tof;Ffs; ,aw;nrhy;> jpupnrhy;> jpirr;nrhy;> tlnrhy;.. nrhw;fspd; mikg;igAk; tif fisAk; mwpe; J > nkhopiar; nrk;ikahfg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.. -. ♦ -. -. xii. ngau; ; r ; n rhy; mWtifg;ngau;> %tplg;ngau;> Mf;fg;ngau;> khw; W g; n gau; > jdpg; n gau; > $l; L g; n gau; > tpidahyizAk; ngau;> MFngau;. Ntw;Wik - kuGk; jw;fhyk;.. ghl Ntisfs;. 20. 20. 30.

(13) Nju; r ; r p. Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. ghl cs;slf;fk; ♦ -. ♦ -. ♦ -. xiii. tpidr; n rhy; Kw;Wtpid> vr;rtpid njupepiy tpid> Fwpg;G tpid cld;ghl;L tpid> vjpu;kiw tpid nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa tpid> nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;whtpid jd;tpid> gpwtpid nra;tpid> nrag;ghl;L tpid Vty; tpid> tpaq;Nfhs; tpid jdptpid> $l;Ltpid (Jiztpidfs;) tpidr;nrhw;fs; fhyq;fhl;Ljy; ,ilr; n rhy; jj;jk; nghUs; czu;j;Jtd (V> X> ck;> kd;> mk;k> nfhy;> jhd;) ,ilr;nrhy;ypd; gad; cupr; n rhy; ngauil tpidail cupr;nrhy;ypd; gad;. ghl.

(14) Nju;r;rp kl;lk;. Nju; r ; r p. 7.5. ghl cs;slf;fk;. • ♦. thf;fpa mikg;igAk; mjd; tiffisAk; gpuNahfpg;ghu;.. -. ♦ -. • -. • -. xiv. njhlupay; . njhlu; njhifepiy> njhfhepiy thf; f pak; . jdpthf;fpak; $l;Lthf;fpak; fyg;G thf;fpak; thf;fpa ,izg;gpilr; nrhw;fs;. tOepiy> tohepiy> tOtikjp (nrhy;> thf;fpak;) epWj;jf;; FwpaPLfs; ahg; g pay pay; nra;Aspd; nghJ ,yf;fzk; ehy;tifg; gh ahg;G cWg;Gf;fs; - (vOj;J> mir> rPu;) vJif> Nkhid mzpapay; jd; i k ctik - ,y;nghUs; ctik> IaTtik. cUtfk; jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk; cau;T etpw;rp> rpNyil. ghl Ntisfs;. 40.

(15) tpjpf; f g; g l; l ghlE}y; f s; juk; 12 ♦. FWe; n jhif. -. m.. “fUq;fhy; Ntk;gpd;...” - 24 (guzH ). M.. “ey;Yiu apfe;J......... 29 (xsitahu;). -. ,.. “Gdtd; Wlit............. 105 (ef;fPuu;). -. <.. “epidaha; thop....... 343 (<oj;Jg; G+je;Njtd;). ♦. GwehD}W. -. m.. “ghzd; #ba..”- 141 (guzH). M.. “mspNjh jhNd...” 109 (fgpyu;). ,.. “ahJk; CNu ahtUk; NfspH. . .192 (fzpad; G+q;Fd;wd;). ♦. jpUf; F ws;. -. mq;f ,ay; (6 mjpfhuq;fs;). mikr;R > nrhy;td;ik> tpidj;J}a;ik> tpidj;jpl;gk;> tpidnray;tif> J}J. ♦. rpyg; g jpfhuk;. -. kJiuf;fhz;lk; (Jd;gkhiy). ♦. Re;juu; Njthuk Njthuk;. -. rPgu;g;gjk;. ♦. ngupaho;thu; jpUnkhop -. (ePuhl;lk;) “ntz;nzaise;j...... fhHkjp Nkdp epwj;Jf;......”; gj;Jg; ghly;fs; (152-161 ghly;fs;). xv.

(16) ♦. fk; g uhkhazk;. -. ifNfap #o;tpidg;glyk; (1 - 66 ghly;fs;). ♦. Njk; g htzp. -. igjpuk; ePq;F glyk; (1-39 ghly;fs;). ♦. ghujpahu; ftpijfs;. -. ♦. “ghujkhjh jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp” “ngz;fs; tpLjiyf; Fk;kp” “ QhapW 1> 2”. cku; f a; a hk; ghly; f s; (nkhopngau; g ; G ) R.J. Rg; g pukzpa Nahfpahu ;. -. Rw;wp elk;.......... nghd;id tpisj;J......... fhZk; fd............. mg; J y; f hju; n yg; i g. -. ghuha; me;j........... nebNj vz;zp....... kioNghy; thup...... Njrpftpehafk; g ps; i s. -. rpupj;j Nuh[h.......... epidg;G ePz;L....... thupthupf;................. ♦. fk; g jhrd; ftpij. -. “njhopy; ”;. ♦. e. gpr; r %Hj; j p ftpij. -. “G+f;fhup;”. ♦. k`hftp ftpij. -. “kPz;Lk; njhlq;Fk; kpLf;F”. ♦. eP y htzd; ftpij. -. “,d;W cdf;Fk; rk;gskh?;”. ♦. Gul; r pf; f khy; ftpij. -. “vd; ,iwtd;”;. xvi.

(17) ♦. fl; L iufs; • • •. ♦. -. “tpQ;QhdKk; mfuhjpAk;” “eifg;G+q;nfhj;J” “tpz; kPd;fSf;F jpUk;g VFjy;”. -. rhgtpNkhrdk; ntWk;Nrhw;Wf;Nf te;jJ. -. ePz;l gazk;. rpWfijfs; • •. ♦. NguhrpupaH f. fzgjpg; g ps; i s gz; b jkzp rp. fzgjpg; g ps; i s V. N[. fdful; d h. GJikg; g pj; j d d; nr. fjpu; f hkehjd;. ehty; nr. fNzrypq; f k;. ♦. ,yf; f pa tuyhW rq;ffhyk; - ehaf;fu; fhyk; Mupar; rf;futu;j;jpfs; fhyk; - xy;yhe;ju; fhyk;.. ♦. ,yf; f zk; • vOj;jpay; • gjtpay; • nrhy;ypay; -. I nrhw;ghFghL ngau;r;nrhy; tpidr;nrhy;. xvii.

(18) tpjpf; f g; g l; l ghlE}y; f s; juk; 13 ♦. ew; w piz. -. “nghq;Fjpiu.....”. - 35. (mk;%tdhH). ♦. jpUf; F ws;. -. mq;f ,ay; (4 mjpfhuq;fs;). kd;diur; Nru;e;J xOfy;> Fwpg;G mwpjy;> mit mwpjy;> mit mQ;rhik ♦. kzpNkfiy. -. ♦. fk; g uhkhazk;. -. ifNfap #o;tpidg;glyk; (67-115 ghly;fs;). ♦. rP w hg; G uhzk;. -. kioaiog;gpj;j glyk; (1-21 ghly;fs;). ♦. jdpg; g hly; jpul; L. -. (5 ghly;fs;) ~~kd;dtDk; ePNah...|| ~~XLk; ,Uf;Fk;...|| ~~fj;Jfly;...|| ~~mg;gpNy Njha;j;jpl;L...|| ~~kl;lhUe; njd;fwe;ijg;...||. ♦. ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs ftpijfs;. -. ~gj;jpupif| ~ghujp cs;sk;|. ♦. ftpkzp Njrpftpehafk; g ps; i s. -. ~#upa fhe;jp;|. “gOjpy; fhl;rp jd;gpwg; Gzu;j;j”. xviii. (16 mbfs;).

(19) ♦. KUifad; ftpij. -. ~khL khL vd;W gy |. ♦. Rgj;jpud;. -. ~Mz;ltd; ePjhd;;|. ♦. FwpQ; r pj; n jd; d td; ftpij. -. ~rk;gs ehs;;|. fl; L iufs; nj.ngh. kP d hl; r pRe; j udhu; • Rthkp tpGyhee; j u; • lhf;lH K. tujuhrd; •. -. ~jkpo;r; nry;thf;F| ~ghujpahH| ~kdtypik Ntz;Lk;|. rpWfijfs; n[afhe; j d; • t.m. ,uhruj; j pdk; • vd; . v]; . vk; . uhikah • kUJ}u; f ; n fhj; j d • d;. -. Afre;jp jha; xU $ilf; nfhOe;J xsp. ♦. ♦. ftpij. ♦. ,yf; f pa tuyhW INuhg;gpau; fhyk; - jw;fhyk; INuhg;gpau; fhyk; - jw;fhyk; (<ok;). ♦. ,yf; f zk; • Gzupay; • nrhy;ypay; II - ,ilr;nrhy; - cupr;nrhy; • njhlupay; - njhlu; - thf;fpak; • ahg;gpay; • mzpapay;. xix.

(20) fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;. 4.0.. fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspy; khztu;;fs; jdpahfTk; NrhbahfTk; FOthfTk; <LgLk; tifapy;> nghUj;jkhd fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisg; nghUj;jkhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Mrpupau;fs; ifahs Ntz;Lk;. nkhopg;ghlj;jpw;F tFg;giwapy; eilKiwg;gL;j;jf;$ba gy;NtW fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd. o o o o o o. fye;Jiuahly; tfpgq;F Nghyr;nra;jy; rpe;jidj; J}z;ly; E}Yrhtpf; fw;wy; ehlfk;. o o o o o. tpjptUtpj;jy; tpjptpsf;fy; xg;gil Ez;zyFf; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;wpl;lk;. 5.0 ghlrhiyf;nfhs;iffSk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk; jkpo;nkhopf; fw;wyhdJ ghlj;jpl;lj;Jld; khj;jpuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l xd;wd;W. ghlrhiy Kfhikf; FOtpdu; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; va;jg;glNtz;ba Nju;rr ; pfis ed;F tpsq;fpfn ; fhs;tJld;> mtw;wpdbg;gilapy; ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifia cUthf;fTk; eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; Kidjy; Ntz;Lk;. ghlrhiyapy; ghlj;jpl;lj;ij mKyhf;Fk; NghJ khztu;fspd; jdpahs; NtWghl;il kdjpw; nfhz;L khztu;fspd; Njitia <Lnra;Ak; tifapy; cs;shu;e;j Mw;wy;fis tsu;f;fTk; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; nfhs;if cUthf;fKk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lKk; mika Ntz;Lk;. mtw;wpw;fhd rpy MNyhridfs; ,q;F jug;gLfpd;wd.. xx.

(21) 1.. ghlrhiyapYs;s jkpo;nkhop %yk; fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;fs; ahtUk; nkhopahrpupau; vd;w Nehf;fpy; nraw;gl top nra;jy;.. 2.. ghlrhiyiar; #oTs;s gpuNjrj;jpd; jkpo;nkhoprhu; tsq;fis khztu;fspd; nkhoptpUj;jpf;fhf cr;r mstpy; gad;gLj;Jjy;.. 3.. ,yf;fpa kd;wq;fs; Nghd;w khztu; kd;wq;fis tFg;G uPjpahf mikj;J khztu;fspd; cs;shu;e;j jpwd;fis tsu;f;f cjTjy;.. 4.. ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; tpthjk;> ftpauq;F> gl;bkd;wk;> ,yf;fpag; Nghl;b> nghJ mwpTg;Nghl;b Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfis elhj;Jjy;.. 5.. ngupahu;fis mioj;J ,yf;fpar; nrhw;nghopTfis elhj;Jjy;.. 6.. E}y; epiyaq;fspy; nkhop ,yf;fpak; rhu;e;j E}y;fisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;. ngw;w tplaq;fisf; fye;JiuahLtjw;F Vw;ghL nra;jy;.. 7.. Mf;fj;jpwid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapNy rpWfij> ehlfk;> ftpij Nghd;w tw;iw vOJtjw;Fk; tpsk;guq;fs; vd;gd vOJtjw;Fkhd Nghl;bfis elhj;Jjy;.. 8.. ghlrhiy mike;Js;s gpuNjrj;jpw;Fupa $j;Jfs;> ehlfq;fs; Nghd;w rpwg;ghd fiyak;rq;fisawpe;J mtw;iwg; ghlrhiy kd;wq;fspD}lhf NkilNaw;Wtjd; %yk; gpuNjrf; fiyg;ghuk;gupaq;fis tsu;f;f topnra;jy;.. 9.. fiytpohf;fis xOq;Fnra;jy;. gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; mspj;jy;.. 10.. rQ;rpif ntspaply;. Mf;fq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; vd;gtw;wpw;F Cf;fkspj;jy;.. xxi. thrpj;j ,yf;fpa E}y;fspy; ,Ue;J. Rtnuhl;bfs;>.

(22) 6.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk; ghlrhiykl;lf; fzpg;gl P L ; > kjpg;gl P L ; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo>; me;je;jj; jtizf;Fupa Nju;rr ; pfs;> Nju;rr ; p kl;lq;fs; cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; fzpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfis Mf;fG+u;tkhd tifapy; jahupj;J eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. 13 Me; juj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; ,lk;ngWk;> Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd kjpg;gPlhfpa f.ngh.j. cau;ju guPl;irf;fhf ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj;jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; Njrpakl;lj;jpy; elj;jg;gLfpd;w KjyhtJ guPl;ir 2011 Mk; Mz;by; ,lk;ngWk;. ,g;guPl;irf;Fupa tpdhg;gj;jpuj;jpd; mikg;G> toq;fg;gLk;.. khjpup gw;wpa Njitahd tptuq;fs; ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj;jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;. xxii.

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