Midterm_Review_Packet_Key-Short.doc

(1)

Name: Date: Global 9/Period: Midterm Review

Introduction/Chapter 1

 Define the following:

 Prehistory-time before written records

 History-time after written records

 Monotheism-the belief in one god

 Polytheism-the belief in more than one god

 Democracy-a government that can act only with the consent of its people

 Ethnocentrism-to judge another culture by the standards of ones own culture

 Paleolithic Revolution-period of time characterized by nomadic hunters and gatherers

 Neolithic Revolution-period of time when humans began farming and domesticating animals

 Nomad-a person who travels from place to place to follow their food

 How did early humans live? Early humans were nomadic. They used hunting and

gathering to get their food. Because they were nomadic and depended on hunting and

gathering there were no permanent settlements and the population was low.

 Explain the importance of the Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution occurred when

people began to farm and domesticate animals rather than be nomadic. Because of

agriculture, people could settle in one place. Out of this grew cities, specialized workers,

complex record keeping and governments.

(2)

 Why were the first civilizations in river valleys? The first civilizations were in river

valleys because the rivers often flooded and provided rich farm land. The rivers also provided

water for drinking and irrigation and transportation for trading.

 What are the key ideas/info that you need to know about Mesopotamia. On the Tigris and

Euphrates Rivers(The Fertile Crescent) in present-day Iraq and Iran; Developed

cuneiform-wedge-shaped form of writing; Ziggurats-stepped pyramids; Included Sumer and Babylon

 Explain the significance of the Code of Hammurabi. It was the first set of written law codes

for Babylon; Copies of laws were placed all over Babylon to remind people of laws; “Eye for an

eye and a tooth for a tooth”

 What are the key ideas/info that you need to know about Egypt. On the Nile River;

Pharoahs- Egyptian kings; Pyramids-used as tombs for the pharaohs; Hieroglyphics-writing

system

 What are the key ideas/info that you need to know about the Indus River Valley Civilization.

On the Indus River in present-day India and Pakistan; Included cities of Harappa

and Mohenjo-Daro; Cities were planned and had plumbing

 What are the key ideas/info that you need to know about the Yellow River Civilization in China.

On Yellow River/Huang Hein northeastern China; Huang He is yellow due to loess

which is blown in from Gobi Desert; had dynasties-ruling families; used dynastic cycle and

Mandate of Heaven

 What is the Mandate of Heaven? The idea that a just ruler had divine approval from the

gods to be ruler

(3)

Chapter 3

 Identify the following

people-o Siddhartha Gautama- Founder of Buddhism

o Moses- Man who led the Hebrews out of Egyptian slavery; Considered the founder

of Judaism

o Abraham- “Father of the Jews”; Moved his people to Canaan

 Describe the origins, beliefs and development of the following:

o Hinduism- No founder; Grew out of Aryan beliefs; polytheistic; Holy book-Vedas;

Believe in karma (actions), dharma (duties,; reincarnation (rebirth) and moksha (release

from reincarnation); Goes hand in hand with the caste system

o Buddhism- Developed from Hinduism; polytheistic; founded by Siddhartha Gautama;

Believe in reincarnation and nirvana (release from reincarnation); Must follows the Four

Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana; Rejected the caste system

o Judaism- Founded by Moses; monotheistic; Moses led Hebrews out of Egypt (The

(4)

Chapter 4

people-o Cyrus- Persian king in 550 BC; Known for his kindness towards conquered

people

o Shi Huangdi-First emperor under the Qin Dynasty; United China under harsh principles

of legalism

o Confucius- China’s most influential philosopher; Developed Confucianism which

focuses on relationships and proper behavior

 Identify and explain the teachings of the

following-o Confucianism- Society was organized by five relationships between an inferior and

a superior—the superior sets and good example for the inferior and in return the inferior

behaves properly; Stressed filial piety-the respect owed to one’s parents

o Daoism- Focused on the natural order of the universe; Led to scientific discoveries;

Founded by Laozi

o Legalism- Government was key; A government’s job was to provide rich rewards and

harsh punishments to its people; Founded by Han Fiezi; Used to unite the Qin Dynasty

 What are the important facts that you should know about the Qin Dynasty. Founded by

Shi Huangdi; Used Legalism to unite China; Shi Huangdi’s Terracotta Soldiers; The Great Wall

was built to keep out invaders

Chapter 5

 Define the

(5)

o Golden Age- A time in a civilization’s history in which there is peace and prosperity;

Focus moves away from war and towards intellectual advancements

o Hellenistic Culture- Blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian cultures due to the

conquests of Alexander the Great; Center was at Alexandria (Egypt)

people-o Alexander the Great- Macedonian (Greek) conqueror who controlled area

surrounding the Mediterranean and as far east as present-day India; Due to conquests,

developed Hellenistic culture

Chapter 6 people-o

Julius Caesar - First dictator of Rome; Dictatorship ended the Roman Republic;

Murdered by Senate members who believed he was becoming too powerful

 What was Pax Romana and what effect did it have on Rome? Translates to Roman

Peace; Due to time of peace, Rome was able to focus on new advancements rather than war

 Describe the origins, beliefs and development of Christianity. Founded by Jesus;

monotheistic; Developed from beliefs of Judaism; Jesus was crucified by the Romans but then

is believed to have risen from the dead three days later; Holy book-Bible (which includes Old

Testament/Torah and New Testament)

 How and why did the Roman Empire fall? Reasons for fall include: Too many slaves; Not

enough people to pay taxes; Government spent money unwisely; Inflation; Bad leaders;

Barbarian invaders; Diocletian split empire (Rome in west; Byzantine in east); Constantine

(6)

Chapter 7

 What contributions were made to history by the Gupta Empire? Proved the Earth was

round; Modern numbers, the concept of zero and the decimal system; Calculated pi to 4

decimals; Medical advancements

 What was the Silk Road and what affect did it have on Asia? The Silk Road was a trade

route that connected eastern Asia with the Mediterranean; Cultural diffusion, Ex. Buddhism

spread from India to China; India profited through banking and setting up outposts

Chapter 8

 Define migration- the movement of people from one place to another

 What is important about the Bantu-speaking people? The Bantu migrated throughout Asia