Pg 2-20
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion, 3) lithification.)
3) Lithification – The process of sediments being “turned to stone.”
---> 4 Types of Lithification: Compaction, Cementation, Precipitation, Evaporation.
a) Compaction – Sediments are continuously deposited, one layer upon another, and the weight of the
sediments above compacts the sediments below. . . Water is squeezed out and sediments are compacted. > Examples: shale, sandstone, limestone
b) Cementation – Sediments are cemented (glued) together by natural mineral cements.
Common natural cements = Quartz, Muds, Calcite, Iron Oxide (rust)
> Examples: conglomerate, sandstone, breccia
c) Precipitation: Dissolved minerals precipitate (turn back into solid) and collect at the bottom of a body of water (lake, ocean, etc)
> Examples: rock salt, limestone, dolomite
d) Evaporite: Sediments are left behind when water evaporates.
> Examples: rock salt, rock gypsum C) Features found in sedimentary rocks:
1) Fossils – evidence of past life or past life processes 2) Ripple marks – evidence of moving water.
3) Geodes – Hollow ball-like rocks w/ mineral crystals on the inside.
4) Concretions – Round shaped rocks formed when minerals are cemented around a “nucleus.”
5) Layers – evidence of younger material depositing on top of older material.
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock
Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion,
3) lithification.)
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion, 3) lithification.)
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion, 3) lithification.)
3) Lithification – The process of sediments being “turned to stone.”
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion, 3) lithification.)
3) Lithification – The process of sediments being “turned to stone.”
---> 4 Types of Lithification: Compaction, Cementation, Precipitation, Evaporation.
a) Compaction – Sediments
are continuously
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion, 3) lithification.)
3) Lithification – The process of sediments being “turned to stone.”
---> 4 Types of Lithification: Compaction, Cementation, Precipitation, Evaporation.
a) Compaction – Sediments are
continuously deposited, one
layer upon another,
and the
weight of the sediments
above
compacts
the
(continued . . . B) Sedimentary Rock Formation . . . 1) weathering, 2) erosion, 3) lithification.)
3) Lithification – The process of sediments being “turned to stone.”
---> 4 Types of Lithification: Compaction, Cementation, Precipitation, Evaporation.
a) Compaction – Sediments are continuously deposited, one layer upon another, and the weight of the
sediments above compacts the sediments below. . .
> Examples of compacted Sed Rx:
Shale
Sandstone
a) Compaction – Sediments are continuously deposited, one layer upon another, and the weight of the
sediments above compacts the sediments below. . . Water is squeezed out and sediments are compacted. > Examples: shale, sandstone, limestone
b) Cementation
– Sediments
are cemented (glued)
b) Cementation – Sediments are cemented (glued) together by natural mineral cements.
Common natural cements
= Quartz, Mud, Calcite,
Iron Oxide (rust)
a) Compaction – Sediments are continuously deposited, one layer upon another, and the weight of the
sediments above compacts the sediments below. . . Water is squeezed out and sediments are compacted. > Examples: shale, sandstone, limestone
b) Cementation – Sediments are cemented (glued) together by natural mineral cements.
Common natural cements = Quartz, Muds, Calcite, Iron Oxide (rust)
> Rock Examples:
Breccia
sandstone
b) Cementation – Sediments are cemented (glued) together by natural mineral cements.
Common natural cements = Quartz, Muds, Calcite, Iron Oxide (rust)
> Examples: conglomerate, sandstone, breccia
c) Precipitation:
Dissolved
minerals precipitate (
turn
back into solid
) and
collect
c) Precipitation: Dissolved minerals precipitate (turn back into solid) and collect at the bottom of a body of water (lake, ocean, etc).
> Examples:
rock salt,
limestone, dolomite
c) Precipitation: Dissolved minerals precipitate (turn back into solid) and collect at the bottom of a body of water (lake, ocean, etc)
> Examples: rock salt, limestone, dolomite
d) Evaporite: Sediments
are left behind when water
evaporates.
d) Evaporite: Sediments are left behind when water evaporates.
> Examples: rock salt, rock gypsum
C) Features found in
sedimentary rocks:
[
Features in Sedimetary
rocks.ppt
]
1) Fossils
C) Features found in sedimentary rocks:
1) Fossils –
evidence of past
life or past life processes
C) Features found in sedimentary rocks:
1) Fossils – evidence of past life or past life processes.
2) Ripple marks – evidence
C) Features found in sedimentary rocks:
1) Fossils – evidence of past life or past life processes 2) Ripple marks – evidence of moving water.
3
)
Geodes – Hollow ball-like
3) Geodes – Hollow ball-like rocks w/ mineral crystals on the inside.
4) Concretions – Round
shaped rocks formed when
minerals are cemented
around a “nucleus.”
4) Concretions – Round shaped rocks formed when minerals are cemented around a “nucleus.”
5) Layers – evidence of
younger material
5) Layers – evidence of younger material depositing on top of older material.
5) Layers – evidence of younger material depositing on top of older material.
6) Mud cracks – evidence of water/mud
that dried up.
-5) Layers – evidence of younger material depositing on top of older material.
6) Mud cracks – evidence of water/mud that dried up. 7) Caves –
