The Solar System Notes (Formation, Components, Orbits).ppt

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Solar Nebular Theory:

• A cool and dark nebula cloud clumps in a protoplanetary disk pulling toward the

core.

• As pressure increases the temperature increases.

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Planet Formation

Planet Formation:

Step #1. As the disk spins inward, it forms ripples and eddies that first

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Planet Formation

Step #2

• Clumps of planetesimals combine and grow to a point where they have gravity and are called a protoplanetary body

• Those planets get bigger with every collision.

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The Planets

• Two Ways to Remember the Order of

the Planets:

– “My very elegant mother just served us

noodles”

– My Very Easy Method Just Simplifies Us

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Terrestrial Planets (Inner Planets)

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

• closer to the Sun

• smaller size and mass

• higher density (rocks and metal) • solid surface

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Meteoroids

• Meteoroids are pieces of space debris

– dust/small rocks

• Meteors are meteoroids that have entered Earth’s atmosphere “shooting stars”

– In the atmosphere friction heats them up and burns them away.

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Asteroid Belt

• Most between Jupiter and Mars

• Broken remnants of something

– Old Planet? Not really enough stuff

– Planet that never

formed? Gravity from sun and Jupiter could do that.

– Collision of several

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Gas Giants (Outer Planets)

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune_{Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune}

• farther from the Sun • larger size and mass

• lower density (hydrogen, helium) • no solid surface

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Comets

• Kuiper belt comets

– usually stay in plane outside Neptune

– Sometimes get pulled toward sun

– Create very regular short period comets – I.e. Halley’s comet

• Oort Cloud Comets • Oort cloud is a huge

sphere of space debris around the solar system

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Planetoids – Dwarf Planets

• Group of celestial bodies that circle outside of Neptune

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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lIhQNvLkaY

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrL-cWaYdno&feature=related

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• NASA, year of the solar system

http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/yss/

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Orbits and Its Effects

Investigation (E29 and E30):

• Work in your table groups of 2

• Each group needs to make a data table

and answer questions on a separate sheet of paper to be turned in today

• Do #1-5 on E29 and E30

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Why do Planets Orbit?

• #1 Gravitational force between planets and sun

• #2 Initial velocity from the formation of the solar system (think rotating disk)

– If no gravity, planets would travel in a straight line

– (Preview) This velocity was also conserved in angular momentum (rotation aka. why we

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Law of Universal Gravitation

• Every mass attracts every other mass with a force called the “law of universal

gravitation”

• Force ~ G * mass1 x mass2

Distance2

Where G = 6.67 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2

Force of Gravity is:

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• As planet traces an orbit around the Sun, it maintains tangential velocity which is a velocity parallel to the Sun’s surface

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Newton vs. Einstein

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Planetary Motion

Rotation vs. Revolution

• The Earth revolves around the Sun in an ellipse every 365.25 days. (~67,062 miles per hour )

• The Moon revolves around the Earth every 27 days

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Kepler's Laws of Planetary

Motion

1) The path of each planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus.

2) Each planet revolves so that an

imaginary line connecting it to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal time intervals.

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Law 3

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Kepler’s Animation

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Orbits of other objects

• Planetoids, Asteriods, and Comets can have highly eccentric orbits

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Orbits and Effects

Your Individual notes about orbits:

• Use E31-E34 to find/define/understand the following in your notebooks:

– Eccentricity – Axial Tilt

– Precession

– InclinationAlso describe based on the