Alternative drivmidler

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The Volvo Group

Volvo Trucks Renault Trucks Mack Trucks

UD Trucks Buses Construction Equipment

Volvo Penta Volvo Aero Financial Services Volvo 3P Volvo Powertrain Volvo Parts Volvo Logistics Volvo Technology

Volvo Information Technology

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Lorum ipsum est

From concept to reality

– in just 3 years

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Methane dictionary

• Methane CH4

• CNG Compressed Natural gas 200-250 bar

• CBG Compressed Bio Gas

• LNG Liquefied Natural Gas ( -130 - 140oC)

• LBG Liquefied Bio Gas

• Liquefied gas is 2 - 3 as energy efficient as compressed gas.

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Volvo LNG MethaneDiesel benefits

Versus conventional truck

• Cost savings

• LNG is a relatively cheap fuel in many markets

• Reduced climate effect

• 70% less CO₂ effect with LBG

• (between 3 - 15 % with LNG) Versus competitor gas trucks

• Fuel savings

• 30 – 40 % more efficient gas combustion compared to spark ignited engines (Otto)

• Flexibility

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Cooperation

• BiMe project: AGA,EON,

Fordonsgas and Gasföreningen

• Short term goal:

Common project between Volvo and gas suppliers. 100

LNG-vehicles and 1 filling station in Göteborg, Malmö and

Stockholm respectively

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Methane-Diesel Components

Smaller diesel tank Catalyst

Gas injector system

Normal diesel engine

Methane tank Gas EMS

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Methane gas: CNG vs LNG

CNG – Compressed Natural Gas

• Suitable for shorter distances like city distribution

• Easy access to gas an advantage

LNG – Liquid Natural Gas

• Greater volume efficiency – up

to 50% greater range

• Requires a new network of filling

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Total -40 000 € -30 000 € -20 000 € -10 000 € 0 € 10 000 € 20 000 € 30 000 € 40 000 € Yr 0 Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9 Yr 10

Payback calculation example

Gas price 60% of diesel price

2,7 years

Yearly driving distance (km) 150 000 km

Fuel consumption (liter/100km) 32 litre/100km

Gas share (%) 75 %

Diesel price (€/litre) 1,00 €

Gas price (€/litre diesel equivalent) 0,60 €

Price premium for MDE-technique (k€) 36 k€

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Volvo FL and FE: CNG compressed gas

• 7 liter engine on CNG • Retrofit by Stadspartner. • Up to 80% methane gas • Engine power 240 or 340 hp • Torque 940-1300 Nm • 12-26 tons

• Field test and certification 2010

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Volvo FM: LNG liquid gas

• 13 liter engine on LNG • Volvo installed • Up to 80% liquid methane • Power 460 hp • Torque 2300 Nm • 18-60 ton • Range >500 km

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Range

Traditional gas engine with spark plugs CNG Methane-diesel CNG Methane-diesel LNG

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Volvo Bio-DME project

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DME (Di-Methyl-Ether)

• Produced from renewable raw materials

• Engine: All moving parts identical to the diesel version

• Bio-DME can be produced from all biomass

• 95 % reduced CO₂ compared to diesel fuel

• No emission of soot particles

• Very high energy efficiency

• Black liquor attractive because of price and availability

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Hybrids - a Volvo

Group approach

• Revolutionary fuel savings

• Reducing CO₂ emissions

• Profitable for operators

• Favourable for drivers

• Suitable for all vehicles in the Volvo Group

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Diesel Electric Series Diesel Electric Parallel Diesel Electric Parallel

Turbine Electric Series

Advanced engineering Industrialization

Diesel Hydraulic Diesel Electric Series Prototypes Demonstrators 1977 New generation

Worlds first industrialised hybrid

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Hybrid

• Electricity and Diesel as power sources

• Fuel saving

• Garbage truck: up to 20% for just the truck

up to 30% for the complete vehicle

• Distribution truck: 15 – 20 %

• CO₂ emissions drop accordingly

• Low sound level

• Excellent driveability with

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Battery Li-ion

Fe Phosphate

I-Shift gear box 12 gears Electrical machine generator/motor 800 Nm, 120 kW / 160 Hp D5 Engine 800 Nm, 160 kW /210 Hp Power electronics AC/DC converter

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5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Yearly saving litre

8h per day 12 h per day 16h per day

Daily usage

Vendor hybrid 8h

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In-House parallel design

• 30% Lower fuel consumption • 50% less NOx and PM

• 5 more passengers

• Silent start and -3 dB less noise • 120 kW Electrical machine

• Electric AC, Compressor, Doors, Steering Servo • Lowest life time cost* • Very High reliability

*Including environmental cost

Volvo 7700 Hybrid

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0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000

City Bus CNG bus Biogas bus

90% fossil Hybrid bus (30% Hybrid bus (biodiesel) Ethanol (70% fossil Biodiesel (65% fossil Enviro nement Life cycle cost ( € ) PM NMHC NOx CO2 Energy

European directive

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Type

Fuel cost Pay-load CO₂

Reduction Energy WtW On road emission Infra-structure Environ-mental Life Cycle Cost Hybrid -25-35% = -25-35% -25-35% -40-50% Existing -80 000 € FAME 100% +10% Tax on fuel? = -36% +35-75% +20% Rebuild of existing -5 000 € (65% Fossil free) Synthetic Diesel (BTL) +20%

Tax on fuel? = -80% +25% = Existing

0 € (80% Fossil free) Ethanol _+5% Tax on fuel? -150 kg -0-74% +45-100% PM Improvement In progress (SE) 0 € (70% Fossil free) Bio Gas _+5% Tax on fuel? -650 kg -75-90% +40-60% PM Improvement Expensive +40 000 € (90% Fossil free) CNG = Tax on fuel? -650 kg = +25% PM Improvement Expensive +70 000 €

Competitors to Hybrid

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