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MemoirsoftheMuseumofVictoria 50(2):243-274(1990) ISSN 0814-1827

PRIONOSPIOANDPAR.4PRIONOSPIO(POLYCHAETA: SPIONIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA

By Robin S. Wilson

MuseumofVictoria,285-321 Russell Street,Melbourne 3000, Australia

Abstract

Wilson, R.S., 1990. Prionospio and Paraprionospia(Polychaeta: Spionidae) from sou- thernAustralia. MemoirsoftheMuseum ofVictoria 50(2): 243-274.

Eight new speciesof Prionospio are described from southern Australia: P. coorilla, P.

kirrae,P. kulin, P. nirripa, P.pilkena,P. tatura,P. wambiriandP.yurieiPrionospiosteen- strupiMalmgrenisremovedfromthe AustralianfaunaandP.dubiaDayisrecordedfrom Australia for the first time. A key is provided to all speciesofPrionospio known from southernAustralia.Thetype species ofParaprionospioCaullery,P.pinnata(Ehlers)isrede- scribedfromthe type materialanda lectotype designated.AllAustralianrecordsofPara- prionospiopinnataare referredtoanewspecies, P.coora.Thedistributionof species of the Prionospiocomplex insouth-eastern Australiaisdiscussedandadistinctfaunaisshownto bepresentonthecontinentalshelf.

Introduction

Duringthe years 1979-1983 the Museum of Victoriamade asurvey ofthesoft bottom ben- thosofBassStrait(WilsonandPoore, 1987). In 1984and1985additional collectionsweremade from ^the continental shelf and coastal bays around Tasmania and further specimens have come to hand from inshore habitats in south- western Western Australia. This paper reports on the dominant group ofspionid polychaetes from thesecollections, the Prionospio complex ofgenera.

Materialand methods

Sources for material examined in this study areas follows.Stationsoccupied duringtheBass StraitSurvey arenumberedin2 series:BSS and S05/84 are the prefixes used and ^full data for these stations was given by Wilson and Poore (1987).PPBESprefixesreferto PortPhillip Bay Environmental Study stations (Poore, 1986), and TAS station numbers refer to inshore collectionsfrom Tasmania,^full locality details for which aregiven inthe Appendix. Stationnum-

bers prefixed byHT ^refer^{to the}^list ^of^localities

givenbyHutchingsand Turvey(¹984:Table1).

Width measurements given in the species de- scriptionsreferto the post-branchialbodywidth (excluding parapodia, at about setiger 10)

measured with an eyepiece scale on a stereo- microscope. Width measurements areused for selectingmaximum andminimum sizespecim- ensamongthe material examined.

Materialsexamined here aredeposited inthe followinginstitutions:AustralianMuseum,Syd- ney (AM); British Museum (Natural History),

London (BMNH); National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (NMW); Museum of Victoria, Mel- bourne (NMV); Tasmanian Museum, Hobart (TM); UnitedStates National Museum,Smith- sonian Institution, Washington (USNM).

1 havegivennewspeciesnamesderived from Australian aboriginalwords;allaretobetreated asindeclinable. Species are treatedinalphabeti- calorder within eachgenus.

Systematics

ThePrionospiocomplexcomprisesagroup of genera which have historically been treated together. The form ofthe prostomium, peris-

tomium, anterior parapodia and branchiae (which are concentrated on anterior segments) are broadly similar throughout the complex, however there is no character which could define the Prionospio complex as a monophy-

letictaxon withinthe Spionidae. Mostkeysdis- tinguish Prionospio complex genera by the absence ofcharacterstatespresentinother genera (e.g. Blake and Kudenov, 1978; Fauchald,

1977). Within the Prionospiocomplex, genera are distinguished on the basis ofthe degree of fusion of setiger 1 with the peristomium, the form and arrangement of branchiae, and the formofthepygidium andanal cirri(Table 1).

Blake and Kudenov (1978) included Para- prionospio Caullery, 1914, Orthoprionospio 243

https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1990.50.02

31 March 1990

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PRIONOSPIOAND PARAPRIONOSPIO (POLYCHAE1A) FROM AUSTRALIA ²⁴⁵

Blakeand Kudcnov. 1978, StreblospioWebster, 1879 and Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 m the Prionospio complex with Aquilaspio luster, 1971. Minuspio Foster, 1971 and Prionospio Sensti StrietO being treated as subgenera ofI'n-

onospioscii.su lata. Maciolek(1981a, b)added 2

new genera, Awospio and Laubieriellus, to the complex to accommodate species from deep water in the northand south Atlantic Ocean. A

recent revision by Maciolek (1985) accepted BlakeandKudcnov'sarrangementofgeneraand subgenera but resurrected and redefined Apo- prionospio Foster, 1971. Aquilaspio, Minuspio and Prionospio sensustrictoasused by Maciolek are artificial groupings of species (Maciolek,

1985)and ^I havetherefore preferredtodispense with subgenera. All taxa elsewhere treated as species of Aquilaspio and Minuspio are here referred to Prionospio. Maciolek's (1⁽)85) arrangementofsubgenera canhoweverberecog- nised inthe artificialkeytoAustralianspeciesof Prionospio provided below.

Threegenera, Prionospio. Paraprionospioand Orlhoprionospio. are known to occur in Aus- traliaand can be distinguished usingthecharac- tersgiveninTable ^I^. Orlhoprionospio containsa single species, O. cirrijormia Blake and Kudc- nov, 1978,whichoccurs inareasofreducedsal- inity and was not encountered in this study.

Australian material ofthe remaining2genera is

treated below.

Discussion

Numerousextensive benthic collectionsfrom southern and south-eastern Australia have now providedmaterial fortaxonomicStudy{Pooreel al.. 1975; Blakeand Kudcnov, 1978; Mulchings and Turvey, 1984; Poore, 1986; Wilson and Poore, 1987; appendix to this paper), and the

taxonomy and species distribution patterns oi the Prionospio complex in southern, and ês- pecially south-eastern Âustralia, must now be considered moderately well known. In the absence of a phylogenetic classification of the Prionospiocomplex ît is not possibletoattempt a biogeographicanalysis, but a summary ofthe diversity and degree ofendemism of the southern Australian fauna is useful. (The following discussion îs restricted to Australian wateis south of 26"S; northern waters remain poorly known.)

Of"the 20 species in the Prionospio complex now known ^from ^southern ^Australia, ¹⁷ ^arc endemic;only Prionospio aucklandicu Augener, 1923 (known also from New^Zealand). ^P. ^cluhiu

Day. ¹⁹⁶¹ ^(also from South ^Africa) and P.

chlcrsi I'auvcl, 1928 (also from the Mediterra- nean, North Atlantic and Indo-Pacilic) occur outside the region. Nine new species and one new record ^(/'. duhia) are added ^to ^I^{he Aus-}

tralian fauna in thispaper. Theadditions result

from the discovery ofa distinct fauna on the Continental shelfof BassStrait (see below), and the resolutionofseveralspeciescomplexes: Aus- tralianrecordsof/' steenstrupi areassigned u>P, coorilla sp. nov., P. dubia, P. kulin sp. nov. and

P. multicristata Iditchings and Kainer, I97⁽>,

and the species is removed from ^the Australian fauna. Records of Prionospio cimjcra ^Wircn, 1883 from southern Australia have been referred to three new species (/'. talura, P wamhiri and ^/' viiricl), and records o\' Parupriono.spio pinnala (Phlers, 1901) from southern Australia are referred toParaprionospio coorasp.nov. It is

unlikelythat either Prionospiocirrifcraor Paia prionospiopinnala occur in Australia.

Therearedistinctdifferencesbetween thefau- nas ofthe continental shelfand inshore waters (including themajorembayroentsofPort Phillip Hav and Western ^Port in south-eastern Aus-

tralia). Six species (Orlhoprionospio <irrijorniia Blake and Kudcnov. 1978, Prionospio aucklan diva. P ntullipinnulala Blake and KudenOV,

1978. ^/' paucipinnulata Blake and Kudcnov, 1478, ^/'. laiura and ^/'. yuricl) occur only in

inshore watersandare most common in shallow

muddysedimentsor in seagrasscommunities in Port Phillip Bav and Western Port. Orlliopnon OSptO cirriformia and ^/'. latum are restricted to estuarine conditions. Nospeciesin the Prionos piocomplex occurs in thedeep muddy ^basin of Port Phillip Bay or near the entrance, Outside the hays, a distinct fauna is present: live species (Prionospiodubia, P. kulinsp. nov., p nirripasp.

nov., P. pilkcna sp. nov. and Paraprionospio coora sp. nov.) occur only on the continental shelf; most ofthese species arc recorded from both muddy and well-sorted carbonate sedi- ments.Ofthe I3speciesnow known from south eastern Australia (Victoria and Tasmania, whereboth inshoreanilshelfcommunities have been well sampled) only two, Prionospio kirrac sp. nov.and P. wamhirisp. nov..occur widely in both inshore waters and on the continental shelf.

Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 Prionospio Malmgren, 1867; 201 Aquilaspio Fostei 1971 105 106,

MinuspioFoster, 1971: 106-107,

Diagnosis. Prostomium with anterior margin incised or rounded, without frontal horns,

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246 ^R- ^S. WILSON

caruncle variously developed. Peristomium medial cirrus and 2 short ventrolateral ^cirri or fused in varying amounts with setiger 1 often lappets.

forming low lateral wings. Branchiae pinnate, apinnate, or both pinnate and apinnate. Bran-

T species. Prionospiosteenstrupi Malmgren, chiaepresenton aseriesof consecutive anterior

jg^y ^. monotypy.

setigers commencing at setigers 2 or(rarely) 3.

Between3and 13 pairsof branchiae usuallypre- Remarks.Theabovediagnosisisessentially that sent, or up to 39 pairs in one species: P. poly- ofMaciolek, 1985, except^thatthe description of branchiata Fauvel, 1929. Anterior setae all branchiae has beenexpandedslightlytoinclude capillaries,hooded^hooksⁱⁿ^posterior^noto-and P. ockelmanni Pleijel, 1985, and P. pilkena sp.

neuropodia; hooks bi- to multidentate, inferior nov.The mostrecentmajor workisthe revision sabre setae present in ^all species except P. per- by Maciolek(1985), whichincludesa redescrip- kinsi Maciolek, 1985. Pygidium with 1 long tion of the type species.

Key to species of Prionospio known from southern Australia (south of 26°S) This key excludes3speciesrecorded fromnorth-western AustraliabyHartmann- Schroder (1979, 1981): Prionospio fallax Soderstrom. 1920; P. lanceolata Hartmann-Schroder, 1979 and Prionospio sexoculata Augener, 1918.

1. Four pairs of branchiae, at least one pair of which have digitiform

pinnae ²

— Three to 12 pairs of branchiae, all apinnate (branchiae may have fine lateral cilia; subgenus Minuspio sensu Maciolek, 1985) 15

2. Three or 4 pairs of branchiae, all with digitiform pinnae (subgenus

Aquilaspio sensu Maciolek, 1985) 3

Both pinnate and apinnate branchiae present (subgenus Prionospio

sensu Maciolek, 1985) ⁵

3. Threepairs of pinnate branchiaeon setigers 2-4 P. aucklandica

— Four pairsofpinnate branchiae on setigers 2-5 4

4. Neuropodiallamellaofsetiger 1 rounded inshape;neuropodial hooded hooks appearat setigers 17-22 P. multipinnulata

— Neuropodia of setiger 1 inflated, pyramidal in shape; neuropodial hooded hooks appearat setigers 8-12 P. pyramidalis*

5. First 3 pairs of branchiae apinnate, fourth pair pinnate; hooded hooks

with one pairofapical teeth 6

— Branchiae otherwise; hooded hooks with 4 or more pairs of apical

teeth 7

6. Dorsal crest on setiger 7 P. tridentata*

— ^Dorsal ^crest ^on ^setiger ¹¹ P. kirraesp. nov.

7. First pairof branchiae pinnate, second tofourth pairs apinnate; interparapodial pouches present from between setigers 2 and 3 P. ehlersi*

— Either third of fourth pairs of branchiae pinnate; interparapodial pouches(ifpresent)do not appearuntil at least setigers 8 and 9 ... 8 8. Firstandthird pairsofbranchiaepinnate,secondandfourthpairsapin- nate; dorsal crestson setigers 7 and 8 only P. paucipinnulata*

— Firstandfourthpairsof branchiae pinnate,secondand^thirdpairsapin- nate; dorsal crest either completely absent or present on 6 or more

setigers 9

9. Dorsalcrestsabsent;neuropodialsabresetae firstpresentatsetigers 12-

18 10

— ^Dorsal^crests ^present; sabre setae appear at setigers 10-11 11 10. Sabre setaeappear at setigers 12-14, usually 13 . .P. coorilla sp. nov.

Sabresetae appear atsetigers 15-20, usually 17-19 P. dubia

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PR10XOSPIOAND PAR.APRIONOSPIO(POLYCHAETA)FROM AUSTRALIA 247

11. Sabre setae appear at setiger 11; dorsal crests present on setigers 1 1-

18 _p. australiensis*

Sabre setae appear at setiger 10; dorsal crest present before setiger 1 1

12

12. Dorsal crests present setigers 7-20 at least 13

— ^Dorsalcrests otherwise 14

13. Dorsalcrests present setigers 7-30; caruncle extends back to setiger 4

P. multicristata

— ^Dorsalcrests present setigers 7-20; caruncle extends back to setiger 2 P. kulin sp. nov.

14. Dorsal crestspresent onsetiger5 and setigers 9-13; notopodialhooded hooks present from setigers 35-40 P. queenslandica*

— Dorsal crests present setigers 10-30; notopodial hooded hooks appear

setigers 22-36 P. nirripasp. nov.

15. 3 pairs ofapinnate branchiae present on setigers 3-6

P. pilkena sp. nov.

— At least 6 pairsof apinnate branchiae commencing at setiger 2 ...16

16. Prostomium narrowanteriorly, broadest posteriorly; longest branchiae (on setigers 3-5) 4-5 times notopodial length P. yurielsp. nov.

— Prostomium broadest at anterior margin or at median region; longest branchiae (on setiger 2) 2 times notopodial length 17

17. Sabresetaepresent fromsetigers 10-12, neuropodial hooded hookspre- sent from setigers 13-15; neuropodia ofsetiger 2 without ventral pro-

jection P. tatura sp. nov.

— Sabre setae present from setigers 14-16 (rarely setigers 11-12 in very-

small worms), neuropodial hooded hooks present from setigers 16-20 (rarely 14); neuropodia ofsetiger 2 with prominent ventral projection

P. wambiri sp. nov.

x denotes species not recorded in this study

Prionospio aucklandica Augener. 1923 Blake and Kudenov (1978) reported that a Prionospio aucklandicaAugean, 1923: 69,-Blake ^dorsal ^crest was present on setiger 7; re- and Kudenov, 1978:221-222, fig. 25b-g. examination ot their material shows that this Aqmlaspio 'aucklandica.—Hutchings and Turvey, was anerrorandthat nodorsalcrestsarepresent

1984: 8-9. inP.aucklandica.Augener(1923)madenomen-

. , ^. ^, ,., , . , v, , tionofdorsal crestsand Hutchings and Turvev Material examined. Western Australia: Nornalup. MM^,, ^. ^, ^., ^. ^e ^, ^, ^. ^, ^,. ^.^J

"sample ^3". coll. J. Shaw, NMV F53897. 4 speci- <

1984)™^t(_L^{d the}^ab

f"^Ce^ot^dorsal^C/^eD

stsin*^e,r

mens ^material). ^This îs ^the ^first ^record ôt ^P. âucklan-

Victoria: Port Phillip Bay. PPBES Stn 944. NMV ^dica from Western Australia.

G3097. 7 specimens.

Distribution. Southern Australia from south-

New South Wales: Botanv Bav. Towra Pt. New ^. ... ^. n ^. ^_ XI

SouthWalesFisheriesStn335.NMVG3¹^43.7speci- westernWestern Australia to BotanyBay, New

South Wales.

Remarks. The material examined here agrees

Prionospio coorilla sp nov closely with the detailed description ofHutch-

ings and Turvey (1984). Sabre setae appear at Figures 1-8 setiger 10 inallspecimens, neuropodial hooded

Prwnospio sp^. 5 Poore et aL. 1975. 59 hooks appear at setigers 18-19 in eastern Aus-

tralian specimens and at setigers 19-22 in Materialexamined. 67specimens,sizerange45seti-

WesternAustralian specimens^(all specimensof f^rs^- ¹⁰^mm ^long.^0.25^mm^wide^(entire^specimen)^to

similar size range, from 0.3 to 0.45 mm ^post-

^

^geis^' ⁵ ^mm ^long^- ^°'⁵ ^mm ^Wlde (anterior frag^- branchial width, excluding parapodia). Noto-

"Soiotvpe:entirespecimen.62setigers. 10mmlong, podialhoodedhooksalsoappearearlier inspeci-

3mmwide NMVF52633. Central BassStrait.6km mens from eastern Australia (setigers 27-30) _SE _of_Stanley. _Tasmania. _40°48.8'S, _145°22'E. ₂₂ _m.

thaninWesternAustralian material (notopodial fine sand. Smith-Mclntyre Grab, 4 Nov 1980, M.

hooks from setigers 31-36). Gomonet al.(Stn BSS-G ¹14).