In the name of
In the name of
ALLAH
ALLAH
,
,
the most beneficent the most merciful
the most beneficent the most merciful
FIRE
FIRE
FIGHTING SYSTEM
FIGHTING SYSTEM
BY
BY
NASEER AHMED
NASEER AHMED
Plant Operator
Plant Operator
Aim
Aim
•
•
An industry has always 100 % hazards of f
An industry has always 100 % hazards of f
ire due to usage of
ire due to usage of
combustible
combustible
materials,
materials,
therefore
therefore
reliable
reliable
defensive
defensive
system
system
is
is
unavoidable.
unavoidable.
•
•
Goals
Goals
*
*
To save human lives.
To save human lives.
* Protect the equipment.
* Protect the equipment.
* To avoid major /miner incidents.
* To avoid major /miner incidents.
* To reduce the losses.
Fire…?
Fire…?
•
•
Fire is a
Fire is a
chemical reaction
chemical reaction
that occurs when the
that occurs when the
chemical structure of a
chemical structure of a
fuel
fuel
is broken by
is broken by
heat
heat
energy in
energy in
the presence of
the presence of
oxygen
oxygen
.
.
The decomposition of fuel
The decomposition of fuel
by heat rele
by heat rele
ase light and
ase light and
heat.
heat.
OXYGEN OXYGEN FUEL FUEL HEAT HEATHCPC Fire Fighting System
HCPC Fire Fighting System
•
•
HCPC fire fighting system is designed by SANCO
HCPC fire fighting system is designed by SANCO
and
and
KIDDE according
KIDDE according
to the
to the
rules of
rules of
NFPA (
NFPA (
National F
National F
ire
ire
Protection Association ).
Protection Association ).
HCPC fire fighting systems are as
HCPC fire fighting systems are as
under:-1
1
) Water system.
) Water system.
2
2
) CO
) CO
22Flooding system.
Flooding system.
3
3
) Detection and alarm system.
) Detection and alarm system.
4
1
) Water System
• Water system consists of the following:
1) Deluge / Sprinkle system.
2) Foam system.
1
) Fire Fighting water Pumping Station
• Fire fighting water pumping station has the function to feed
all the plant utilities ( hydrants,deluge and foam system). It
consists of two fire fighting pumps, one jockey pump, and
an accumulator drum 0.50 m
3capacity, pressurized with
9 bar nitrogen gas it maintains the pressure of water
distribution ring between 7.6 to 8.6 bar .
All the pumps are fed by the f/f water tank (TK-5210). Fire
fighting header pressure alarm 9 bar high, 3 bar low.
1
) Raw water tank
• Raw Water tank
capacity:-2000 m
3Raw Water tank level
alarms:-55 % Low, 45 % V.low
1
) Jockey pump (P-5320)
• Jockey pump will provide water fire fighting ring
pressurization during standstill periods.
When ring pressure drops bellow 7.6 bar Jockey pump
starts and remains in operation until ring pressure
reaches 8.6 bar .
Jockey pump P-5320 is AC electrical motor driven,
centrifugal type, having discharge of 5 m
3/h
.
1
)Loss of Jockey pump possible causes.
• * Loss of motor due to breaker trip.
* Electrical failure of the motor.
* Damage of pump/coupling.
* Local breaker trip.
1
) 6KV AC Pump (P-5310 A )
• If fire fighting ring pressure decrease below 6.5 bar the
first fire fighting pump (6 KV AC motor driven) will cut
in service automatically or in an emergency we can start
it directly from MFCP and Local panel.
Fire fighting header pressure can modulate for required
pressure 8.3 bar through re-circulation valve (FF-112) to
avoid over pressurizing the system. AC 6 KV driven
pump type centrifugal, having discharge 600 m
3/h.
1
) AC 6KV Pump failure possible causes.
• * Loss of motor due to breaker trip.
* Electrical failure of the motor.
* Damage of pump.
* Local breaker trip.
1
) Emergency Diesel Engine Pump (P-5310 B)
• In case failure of AC 6 KV pump or 6 KV pump is not sufficient
for heavy flow then Emergency Diesel driven fire pump will
start on “Auto” at 6 bar of fire fighting header pressure.
Modulation of its re circulation valve (FF-113) can also be
carried out to avoid over pressurizing the system.
In an emergency pump can be started directly from MFCP and
Local panel.
Emergency Diesel engine driven pump is centrifugal type,
having discharge of 600 m
3/h, fuel oil tank storage capacity
1
) F/F Diesel Engine Weekly Run Test
• Every Tuesday 10:04 hrs is the actual time that
the weekly test timer is called upon to start.
The fire fighting diesel engine will continue to
run for 30 minutes after the time indicated.
After necessary inspection and logging of
1/1
) Water sprinkle / Deluge system
• Water sprinkle/deluge system protects:
The external surface of 1-4 step-up transformers.
The external surface of 1-3 Unit transformers.
The external surface of 1-3 Auxiliary transformers.
The external surface of 2 step-down transformers.
Liquid fuel tank (TK 5110) external surface.
1/1
) Water spray/deluge system
• The system is designed to achieve a minimum flow of
10.2 liters /min per square meter of surface to be protected. Thermosensible cable, heat detector
:-The detection is obtained by heat sensitive double conductor cables in two separate circuits for transformers and by thermostats for
liquid fuel tanks (spray manually operated only).
Once the transformer temperature is reached 108oC, the conductor insulation melts with material causing their short circuit. First
circuit starts the pre alarm on the control panel and second circuit starts the water spray delayed of 20 seconds, trip to the generating unit control system.
1/1
) Water spray/Deluge system
• Solenoid valve:
It is located on the deluge valve and after receiving
the command from fire control panel it starts the
deluge system.
Pressure switch:
It is located on the deluge valve and has the
function to give the signaling to the control panel
when the water spray system starts on the
1/2
) Foam system
• Foam system provides internal fire protection for un-treated
(TK 5110) and treated (TK 5120) liquid fuel tanks.
The system is designed to achieve a minimum flow of
4.9 liters/min of foam solution per square meter of oil surface
to be extinguished.
Fixed foam system is centralized type, common for both fuel
tanks.
Foam proportioning device, foam concentrate storage tank
and deluge valves are the major components of the system.
1/2
) Foam system
1/2
) Foam system
• Heat detector
(thermostat):-Fuel tanks are equipped with two separate heat detector
(thermostats) circuits and has the automatic function to detect a fire, to give the alarm signaling to control panel and the
extinguishing control.
When temperature reaches 80oC first circuit gives the pre alarm on the control panel and second circuit starts the extinguishing control delayed of 20 seconds.
• Water/Foam Cannons :- For the protection of fuel tanks area 04 pedestal monitors with foam generating type nozzles are
1/2
) Foam system
• Foam system specification
:-Foam storage tank capacity 4 m
3.
Design pressure 13 bar .
Design temperature 70 C.
Design flow for 750 m
3tank (T.T) protection 26.4 m
3/h.
Design flow for 10000 m
3tank (un-T.T ) protect: 205 m
3/h.
Proportioning volume ratio (foam-air concentrate) 3 %.
Minimum operation time 25 min.
Minimum ambient temperature -18 C.
Liquid fuel flash point minimum 87C
1/3
) Water Hydrant system
• Hydrants are designed in order to allow the correct
operation with all ambient conditions.
Fire fighting 06 „A‟ type and 36 „B‟ type water hydrants are
installed along the plant roads, 03 hose connections
provided inside the main control building and warehouse.
Indoor hydrants
:-Wall encased type 02 hose connections in main control
building and 01 in warehouse, each one has 01 hose reel
20m, 01 nozzle, UNI 45mm,with fast male/female end
connections
.
1/3) Water Hydrant system
• Out door hydrants
:-Out door Hydrants are installed in the open areas of
the plant, as self-supported columns.
Near each hydrant, at least one or two weather proof
free standing boxes,with access door panel.
Each one has:
02 Fire hose reel 20m,UNI 70 /100 mm diameter,
Male /female end connection, Nozzle 02 and Hydrant
key.
1/3) A and B Type hydrants
• Type „A‟ hydrants
Hydrants in fuel tankage area. Main connection- UNI 150 Total outlet - 03, 01 UNI 100 mm and 02 UNI 70 mm Near each hydrant, at least two
weather proof free standing boxes,each one has
Two Fire hose reel 20m, UNI 70 mm diameter, Male /female end connection, Nozzle 02 and
Hydrant key
• Type „ B‟ hydrants
Hydrants in process areas. Main connection- UNI 100 Total outlet - 02 UNI 70 mm Near each hydrant, at least one
weather proof free standing box,each one has
Two Fire hose reel 20m, UNI 70 mm diameter, Male /female end connection, Nozzle 02 and
2
) CO
2Flooding System
• Carbon dioxide (CO
2):-Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless, electrically non conductive,inert gas, 1.5 times heavier than air.
Liquid CO2 forms dry ice snow when release in the atmosphere. • CO2
System:-LM 6000 enclosures are protected by Detection/alarm and CO2 extinguishing system.
Detection
system:-The detection system is composed of the two separate circuits heat detectors and ultraviolet flame detectors, acting according to the double action(fixed set temperature at 182C plus quick temperature gradient).
2) GT Fire alarm system
• Alarm system:
A central fire fighting control panel is located in the local control room.
GT fire fighting alarm system is equipped with the following ; * Optic alarm, located on the fire fighting panel.
* Acoustic alarm, located on the fire fighting panel ( buzzer ) * Optic alarm, located out side the enclosure.
* Acoustic alarm, located out side the enclosure.
* Manual push button(switch),located behind the enclosure door . * Optic alarm,located inside the enclosure.
2) CO
2Extinguishing system
• If any alarm indication on flame detector card ,
temperature detector card or data tronics flame detection system appears, it will activate the release of CO2 within 30 seconds.CO2 can be avoided by pushing stop discharge button from local fire control panel.
The system can discharge the extinguishing agent through an electric manual system or mechanical manual system. Electric manual operation can carried out through protected switches on fire control panel and GT enclosure main entrance door,while mechanical through specific device (handle) assembled on CO2 cylinders cabinet.
The system pre arrangement for Automatic and Manual is carried out through a two position Auto/Man selector switch, located on fire control panel. Any actuation shall cause the following:
2) CO
2Extinguishing system
• Extinguishing system is composed of 02 separate CO2 discharge circuits, with different nozzles .
1)Quick CO2 discharge. 2)Slow CO2 discharge, both are equipped with pressure switches for CO2 discharge signal to control panel. There are 14 CO2 charged cylinders in cabinet.
All the cylinders are equipped with counter balance weighing
device for the discharged cylinder signaling. Two pilot cylinders for the actuation of the system,with solenoid valve,controlled by the control panel, to actuate the opening of the CO2 pilot cylinders. After the pilot cylinders have been opened, their CO2 pressure is used to actuate a pneumatic piston to open the other cylinders.
2
) Quick,Slow CO
2System
• Quick CO
2discharge
Circuit has 5 cylinders, each cap. 60 liter.
Charged with 40 Kg CO2. Discharge nozzles 07 to obtain 37% of CO2
concentration in GT
enclosure atmosphere within 1 minute of discharge time. Flow rate for each nozzle 28.5 Kg/min.
• Slow CO
2discharge
Circuit has 9 cylinders, each cap. 60 liter.
Charged with 40 Kg CO2.
Discharge nozzles 5 to obtain 30% of CO2 concentration in GT enclosure atmosphere after 20 minutes from the system
activation time. Flow rate for each nozzle 3.6 Kg/min.
2
) Steam Turbine CO
2system
• Steam turbine and oil console enclosures are protected with detection/ alarm and CO2 extinguishing system. Detection and Alarm system
consists of Optic Acoustic alarm(located inside and out side enclosures), smoke detectors,fire detectors and heat detectors.
Steam turbine enclosure has 08 CO2 45 kg charged cylinders, 04 cylinders for electric automatic and manual activation, while 04 for mechanical manual activation (specific device/handle located behind entrance door). Electric automatic and manual activation operation carried out by 01 pilot cylinder 65 bar pressurized with dry nitrogen. System pre arrangement for Automatic and Manual, Manual only, disable is carried out through selector switch located on locale panels behind entrance doors and fire control panel in main control room,
2
) Steam Turbine oil console CO
2system
• Steam turbine oil console has 06 CO
245 kg charged cylinders,
03 cylinders for electric automatic and manual activation, while
03 for mechanical manual activation (specific device / handle
located behind entrance door). Electric automatic and manual
activation operation carried out by 01 pilot cylinder 65 bar
pressurized with dry nitrogen.
System
pre arrangement for Automatic and Manual,Manual only is
carried out through selector switch located on locale panel
behind entrance door and fire control panel in main control
3
) Detection and alarm system
• The main and local control buildings, Gas compressor building and generator enclosures are protected by fire
detection system and the function of each component is the following:
* Smoke detector.
* Manual alarm push buttons. * Optical /acoustic panel.
* Hydrogen detector. * Gas detector.
3
) Detection and alarm system
• Smoke
detector-It is located in the main and local control building in each room and has the automatic
function to detect a fire, to give the alarm signaling to the
control panel and operate the optical/acoustic panels located in the protected area.Trip to the HVAC/ ventilation fan/close fire dampers.
3) Detection and alarm system
• Optical /acoustic panel: It is located in the main and local control
buildings and has the
function to alert, through visual and acoustic
alarms, the personnel in case of fire.
3) Detection and alarm system
• Gas detector:
Gas compressors enclosure is protected by gas detection system, it has the automatic function to detect methane, to give the pre-alarm
signaling to the control panel.
3) Detection and alarm system
• Hydrogen detector:
Battery rooms of the local control buildings are
monitored for the presence of hydrogen (H2) by hydrogen detector and has the
automatic function to detect a hydrogen, to give the
pre-alarm and signaling to the control panel.
3) Detection and alarm system
• Manual alarm push buttons: Smash glass type push
buttons are located in the main and local control
buildings, manually operated in case of fire, to transmit the alarm signaling to the control panel and operate the
optical/acoustic panels
3) Detection and alarm system
•
Thermostat:-GT 1,2,3 and Steam turbine generator enclosures
and the PMCC-401 are equipped with two
separate thermostats circuit to give alarm signaling
to the main fire control panel.
Main Fire Control Panel
• The fire detection and alarm system, is composed of a control panel (MFCP) located in main control room. MFCP is a modular
assembled control panel, complete with batteries recharging feeder and service card which combined all the other connected cards,
enables a direct control of the fire fighting system and the relevant control of automatic extinction. In case failure of AC 220v supply, batteries have a capacity of 12 hrs supervision and 05 minutes of
acoustic alarms. The front panel supervises all the protected areas, red lamps for fire alarm, green lamps for discharge in operation, yellow lamp for fault,
K1 general alarm, K2 general fault, K3 general extinguish. The panel gives the full system status to the DCS system.
4) Portable fire fighting equipment system
• There are 183 portable fire extinguishers.
Kinds of extinguisher -- Foam type, DCP type, CO2 type. Foam type
extinguishers:-Suitable for wood, rubber, paper,textiles, petrol, oils,and greases fires.
Capacity -- 35 gal, Quantity -- 04,
Location-- (truck un-loading bay/ oil circulation pumps/ BSD Gen.) Capacity -- 45 L, Quantity -- 05 ,
Location-- TE 101,102,103 TU 101,102 : Capacity -- 10 L , Quantity -- 09 /
Location-- (oil consoles/ oil separator / clear water basin /start up boiler , L.fuel un loading bay).
4) Portable fire fighting equipment system
• DCP (Dry chemical powder) type extinguishers:
Suitable for wood, rubber, paper, textiles, petrol, oils, greases and electrical fires.
Capacity -- 50 kg, Quantity -- 02 Location-- TAU 103/ TE 104 Capacity -- 30 kg , Quantity -- 05
Location-- un loading bay, Gas comp:, switch yard, HVAC chillers Capacity -- 25 kg, Quantity -- 02
Location -- mech.workshop/ ware house, gas accumulator tank Capacity -- 08 kg, Quantity --38/ Capacity --06 kg, Quantity --89 Capacity -- 05 kg, Quantity -- 02
4
) Portable fire fighting equipment system
• CO
2type
extinguishers:-Suitable for gases, petrol, oils, greases, electrical /electronic fires.
Capacity -- 07 kg, Quantity
--
01 Location-- TAU 104Capacity -- 05 kg , Quantity
--
26Location-- These cylinders are placed in main and local control rooms,cable cellar/basements, elect:control
rooms,Gt. filter rooms, TAU 105 and near control panels different places in plant.
