Class 8 CBSE Social Science

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Resources

Concept Maps

Class VIII

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Mineral & Power Resources

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Agriculture

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Human Resources

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Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

• Industries

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Agriculture

•

Industries

Resources

Meaning

Tpyes of Resources

Need Use

On the basis of Leval of Development

On the basis their Origin

On the basis of extraability

On the basis of their distribution

Value Actual Abiotic Renewable Ubiquitous Potential Biotic Non-renewable Localised

Natural Resources

Human made Resources

Human Resources

Conserving Resources

Mineral & Power Resources

Minerals

Power Resources

Types

Meaning

Types of minerals

Extraction of minerals

Distribution of minerals

Uses of minerals

Conservation of minerals

Metallic Non-metallic Energy minerals Ferrous

Non-ferrous

Mining Drilling Cluarrying

Open caste mining Shaft mining World – Asia – Europe – N. America – S. America – Africa – Australia – Antartica India – Iron – Bauxite – Mica – Copper – Manganese – Limestone – Gold – Salt

Conventional Sources Non-Conventional Sources Firewood

Coal– (Themal Power)

Petroleum Natural Gas Hydel Power Solar Energy Wind Energy Nuclear Power Geothermal Energy Tidal Energy Biogas

Agriculture

Meaning

Farm system

Types of farming

Major crops

— Major food crop — Staple diet of Tropical/sub tropical — High humidity — Rainfall — Allisal Soil — China No. 1 India, Japan S. Lanka, Egypt Bangladesh etc. — High temp. — Ligh rainfall — 210 frat free lays — Black & Alluvial soil — China, USA, India,

Pakistan, Brazil, Egypt.

— Moderate temp. — Low Rainfall — Well drainel logy soil USA, Canada. — Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, India. — Alluvial Soil — High temp. — Heavy Rainfall — Humid climate — Tropical Areas — Indian & Bangladesh

— Less ferlile

sanaly soil

— Low Rainfall

— High moderale Temp. — Jowar, Bajra, ragi — India, Nigeria,

China, Niger.

— Warm & wet Climate — Well drained loamy soil — Hill slopes suitable — Brazil, Columbia, India

— Moderate temp. — Good rainfall — Lots of sun shine

well drained

— Fertile soil — America, Brazil,

China, Russia,

Canada, india, Mexico.

— Cool Climate — High rainfall

— Well drained loamy soil — Cheap labour

— India, China, Kenya, Sri Lanka

Physical Human

Mixecl Farming

Cmmercial grain farming Plantation

Rice

Cotton

Wheat

Jute (Golden Fibre)

Millets (Coarts)

Coffee

Maize

Tea

Agriculture Development

A farm in India A farm in USA

Intensive subsistence Agriculture Primisive subsistence Agricultre Shifting cultivation (Slash & burn Agriculture) Nomadic herding

Jhumming (N. E. India)

Milpa (Mexico)

Roca (Brazil)

Human Resources

Distribution of population (world)

Density of population

Population chang

Population Composition

Patterns of population change

Factors diffecting distribution of population

Geographical factors Social, Cultural & Economic factors

— Toposnaphy — Climate — Soil — Water — Minerals — Social — Cultural — Economic — Birth rate — Death rate

— Natural Grouth rate — Mignation — Son Ratio — Age composition — Occupational structure — Literacy — Population pyramid Emigurants Inmignation Immignants out mingnation

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Land

Sold

Water

Problems of water availability conservation of water resources

Degradation of soil and conservation measures

Population

Community Land

Topography Soil Climate Minerals Technology

Private Land Water

Natural vegetation and wildlife

Physical factors Human factors

Topsoil Sub soil Weathered rock Parent rock

Parent Rock Relief Flora, Fauna and Time Climate Micro-organism Contour barriers Mulching Rock dam Intereropping Countour Ploughing Shelters Belts Terrace farming Distribution

Agriculture

Mining

Classification of Industries

On the basis of Raw materials

On the

basis of size _{of Ownership}On the basis Agro based industries

Mineral based industries

Marine based industries Forest based industries

Cottage industries Small scale industries

Large scale industries

Private sector industries Public sector industries

Joint sector industries Co-operative sector

industries

Factors Affecting Location of Industries

Communication Transport Land Power Raw material

Labour Capital Market Water

Industrial Region

Secondary

Activity

(Manufacturing)

Tertiary

Activity

(Service)

Primary

Activity

Human Activities

Industries

Distribution of Major Industries

Iron & Steel Industries Cotton Textile Industries Information tecnology Importance Importance Importance (Backbone of modern industries)

Uses Its development

Distribution area Distribution

of Area TISCO

Distribution area (Ahmedabad and Osaka)

Types of

farming practiced

depends on two factors

Physical

Human

Cultural back ground

Availability of irrigation

Agricultural practices

Cropping pattern

Rabi

Kharif

Zaid

Major Crops

Intensive Subsistence

Commercial farming

Plantation

Technological and Institutional reforms

Faster means of

communication

Irrigation ,spirklers

Fertilizers, HYV seeds

Consolidation of

small & holdings

Providing knowledge

weather bulletien

Crops Insurance

KCC, PAIS, MSP

AGRICULTURE

Types of farming

Primitive Subsistence

Rice Wheat Millets (coarse) Maize Cotton Jute

(Golden Fiber) Pulses Sugarcane Coffee Tea Temperature 24-27ºC Moderate High to Moderate Moderate High High High 21–27°C High High

Rainfall 250cm 75 Cm Low 150-200 Light Heavy 75 Cm 75–100 cm Heavy Heavy

Soil Alluvial Loamy Soil Less fertile Sandy Well-drained fertile soils

black,

Alluvial Alluvial

Semi-arid,

Loamy Soil Alluvial Loamy Loamy Climate Tropical Temperate Tropical Tropical Tropical Humid Dry Hot & Humid Warm / wet Humid Type Subsistence Subsistence Subsistence Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial

Labour Cheap — – – – Cheap – Cheap Cheap Cheap

Pattern Kharif Rabi Kharif Kharif Kharif – Both – – –

Frostfree days ---- 100 – – 210 – – – – –

Area S.E.Asia, South Asia

Punjab, Haryana,

Rajasthan Rajasthan, Haryana. Punjab, Haryana, U.P.,H.P. Maharashtra, Punjab, Karnataka

West Bengal MP, UP, Raj., Karnatak Maharashtra Karnataka, AP, Punjab Karnataka, Tamilnadu Assam, Sikkim, HP, Tamilnadu

AGRICULTURE (Geographical and Physical Condition)

Relief

Climate

Location

Industries

Primary Activity

Secondary Activity

(manufacturing)

Tertiany Activity

(Service)

Raw materials Size

Agro based industries Mineral based industries Marine based industries Forest based industries

cottage industies small scale industries Large scale industries

Private sector industries Private Public industries Joint sector industries

Co-operative sector industries Ownership

Communication Transport Land Power Raw material Labour Capital Market Water

World India

Iron & Steel Cotton textile Industries IT

Industries Importance

(Back born of modern Industries) Uses Distribution Area Tisco Importance Its Development Distribution Area (Ahmedabad & Osaka)

Importance Distribution