The Level of Grammatical Competence of Fourth Graduating Students

(1)

THE

LEVEL

OF GRAMMA

TICAL

COMPETENCIES

OF THE

FOUR

TH

YEAR

GR

ADUA

TING

STUDE

NTS

Bernardo Lirio Memorial National Hi! S"!ool

Dara#a$ Tana%an Cit&$ Batana#

Submitted

by:

Bi#"o"!o$ Eri"a 'oi F(

Ma#ino$ Dolore#

Ma#ino$ Dolore# R(

R(

Balatero$ '!on Da)e L(

Mala*anan$ C!ri#tian

Lo+e,$ '%l%i# P(

(2)

Date:

Chapter I

Introduction

C%rri"%l%m -or t!e rad%atin #t%dent# re.%ire# rammar #!o%ld *e +art o- t!eir /no0lede a# a +art o- t!eir learnin at #"!ool( A# a +rere.%i#ite$ rammar !a# *een ta%!t in !i! #"!ool and at ot!er #"!ool a# 0ell( In lin%i#ti"#$ rammar i# t!e #et o- #tr%"t%ral r%le# o)ernin t!e "om+o#ition o- "la%#e#$ +!ra#e#$ and 0ord# in an& i)en nat%ral lan%ae( T!e term re-er# al#o to t!e #t%d& o- #%"! r%le#$ and t!i# 1eld in"l%de# mor+!olo&$ #&nta2$ and +!onolo&$ o-ten "om+lemented *& +!oneti"#$ #emanti"#$ and +ramati"#( Al#o$ rammati"al "om+eten"e i# t!e a*ilit& to re"oni,e and +rod%"e t!e di#tin"ti)e rammati"al #tr%"t%re# o- a lan%ae and to %#e t!em e3e"ti)el& in "omm%ni"ation( So$ 0!& #t%d& rammar4 5!en &o% #t%d& rammar$ &o% are #t%d&in t!e #tr%"t%re o- lan%ae#$ and learnin a*o%t !o0 lan%ae# 0or/( Grammar all *& it#el- 0ill not ma/e &o% a ood 0riter or a reader( T!e a""%ra"& in t!e #enten"e de+end# on t!e learner6# ma#ter& and /no0lede o- rammar( Grammar i# *elie)ed to *e t!e mo#t im+ortant -a"tor in term# o- lan%ae(

So 0!& are t!ere "a#e# a*o%t t!e 0ron rammar o- t!e #t%dent#4 In #ome "a#e#$ t!e& are not -amiliar 0it! t!e 0ord# %#ed in a +arti"%lar #enten"e$ or t!e& reall& do not !a)e intere#t# in #t%d&in rammar( Alt!o%! in toda&7# "%rrent #it%ation$ rammar !a# *een t!o%!t to #t%dent# t!oro%!l& *& t!e tea"!er#$ *%t #t%dent# "!oo#e to +a& a little attention to it( 5it! t!e#e$ t!e #tat%# o- t!e rammati"al "om+eten"& o- t!e rad%atin #t%dent# doe#n6t !a)e t!e a##%ran"e -or t!e ad)an"ed le)el o- rammar(

(3)

A""ordin to 5illiam B( Brad#!a0$ an a%t!or o- a rammar *oo/ #a&# t!at reardle## o- t!e "o%ntr& or t!e lan%ae$ rammar i# t!e -o%ndation -or "omm%ni"ation( T!e *etter t!e rammar$ t!e "learer t!e me##ae$ t!e more li/eli!ood o- %nder#tandin t!e me##ae6# intent and meanin( Hen"e$ i- &o% do not /no0 t!e +ro+er %#ae o- rammar and i- &o% don6t #t%d& to !a)e t!e eno%! /no0lede a*o%t rammar &o% 0ill /ee+ ma/in t!e #ame mi#ta/e# o)er and o)er aain(

So t!e im+ortan"e o- rammar i# t!at to en#%re t!at 0!at &o% 0rite i# "orre"tl& "om+re!ended and i# ea#& and en8o&a*le to read( 5ritin t!at i# +oorl& +%n"t%ated and "ontain# rammati"al error# i# di9"%lt to read and #ometime# im+o##i*le to %nder#tand( I- t!e reader !a# to o *a"/ and re:read a #enten"e #e)eral time# *e"a%#e t!e& are not .%ite #%re 0!at it mean#$ it #+oil# t!eir readin e2+erien"e and t!e& are .%ite li/el& to mi#%nder#tand t!e +oint or e)en to i)e %+ and not read an& -%rt!er( A""ordin to Sara! Bron#on$ an eHo0 "ontri*%tor$ no matter 0!at lan%ae &o% %#e to #+ea/ or 0rite$ %#in "orre"t rammar not onl& !el+# &o% "omm%ni"ate more e3e"ti)el& and +re"i#el&$ *%t al#o !el+# &o% a)oid em*arra##ment( Aro%nd t!e 0orld$ "orre"t rammar i# an indi"ation t!at t!e #+ea/er or 0riter i# an ed%"ated +er#on 0!o %nder#tand# t!e n%an"e# o- t!e lan%ae$ 0!ile rammar error# "an indi"ate t!at &o% are not -o"%#in on &o%r 0ord# or$ 0or#e$ t!at &o% do not %nder#tand t!e me"!ani"# o- &o%r o0n lan%ae(

T!e rea#on 0!& 0e "ond%"ted t!e re#ear"! i# to determine t!e le)el o- t!e rammati"al "om+eten"ie# o- t!e -o%rt! &ear #t%dent#$ and to !el+ o%r -ello0 rad%atin #t%dent# to e2tend t!eir /no0lede o- rammar( T!i# re#ear"! ma& !el+ t!e #t%dent#$ tea"!er# and al#o t!e re#ear"!er# to an#0er t!eir .%e#tion# a*o%t 0!& i# t!ere a 0ron rammar o- t!e #t%dent# and to im+ro)e t!e #t%dent#6 rammar(

(4)

Research Questions

T!e #t%d& aimed to determine t!e le)el o- t!e rammati"al "om+eten"ie# o- t!e #t%dent# amon t!e -o%rt! &ear rad%atin #t%dent# o- Bernardo Lirio Memorial National Hi! S"!ool( S+e"i1"all& t!e #t%d& #o%!t to an#0er t!e -ollo0in;

<( 5!at i#=are t!e "ommon mi#ta/e# o- t!e -o%rt! &ear rad%atin #t%dent# in t!eir %#ae o- rammar4

>( Doe# t!e Enli#! tea"!er#6 tea"!in met!odoloie# a3e"t# t!e #t%dent6# "om+eten"& le)el in t!e %#e o- "orre"t rammar4

?( I# t!ere relation#!i+ a*o%t t!e re#+ondent#7 +ro1le 0it! t!eir "om+eten"& le)el4

Research Objective

T!e aim o- t!e 0or/ de#"ri*ed in t!i# re#ear"! 0a# to im+ro)e t!e "om+eten"& le)el o- t!e #t%dent# in rammar *& "ond%"tin t!i# re#ear"!$ and -orm%latin !&+ot!e#i# -or t!e #aid +ro*lem( T!e re#ear"! o*8e"ti)e# in"l%de;

1. To determine t!e le)el o- t!e rammati"al "om+eten"ie# o- t!e -o%rt! &ear rad%atin #t%dent#(

2. To !el+ o%r -ello0 rad%atin #t%dent# to e2tend t!eir /no0lede o- rammar(

(5)

Signicance o! the Study

T!e Enli#! 'o%rnal @<>$ Ronald '( Go*a #aid t!at rammar #!o%ld *e ta%!t in o%r #"!ool#( B& rammar$ t!e #&#tem o- lan%ae$ t!e 0a&# 0ord# are -ormed and +o#itioned in Enli#! to ma/e meanin#(

Hen"e$ t!i# #t%d& 0ill *e *ene1"ial to t!e #"!ool# in +romotin Enli#! "om+eten"e( B& t!i# #t%d&$ t!e "%rri"%l%m de)elo+er# "an identi-& more #%ita*le Enli#! +roram# -or !i! #"!ool# to -%rt!er en!an"e t!e rammar o- #t%dent#(

B& t!i# #t%d&$ tea"!er# ma& al#o learn #trateie# in tea"!in t!e "orre"t %#ae o- rammar and *e a*le to ma/e it a# "om+re!en#i)e a# +o##i*le( T!i# #t%d& 0ill *e #ini1"ant in /no0in t!e "ommon mi#ta/e# in t!e %#e o- rammar(

B& %nder#tandin 0!at are t!e "ommon error# in rammar$ #t%dent# 0ill *e a*le to /no0 0!i"! to+i" to -o"%# on( T!i# ma& !el+ t!em to en!an"e t!eir rammati"al "om+eten"e( More im+ortantl&$ t!i# re#ear"! 0ill ed%"ate t!e #t%dent# !o0 t!e& need to *e +ro1"ient in %#in "orre"t rammar(

In addition$ it ma& al#o !el+ t!e re#ear"!er to an#0er t!eir .%e#tion# a*o%t 0!& i# t!ere a 0ron rammar o- t!e #t%dent#( Al#o$ it ma& "on"l%de t!em to +ro)e t!eir re#ear"! a*o%t t!e #t%dent#6 le)el "om+eten"ie#(

(6)

Denition o! terms

Term# !ere are "onte2t%all& and o+erationall& de1ned -or *etter %nder#tandin o- t!e reader#;

"ssurance

O+erational; t!e #%rene## o- a t!in(

Conte2t%al; -eelin o- "ertaint& #el-:"on1den"e +romi#e Competence#Competency

O+erational; t!e a*ilit& o- #omet!in

Conte2t%al; 1tne## #%9"ien"& eno%! to li)e on 0it! "om-ort

"a+a"it& leal +o0er o- "a+a"it& $oundation

O+erational; an idea$ +rin"i+le or -a"t to +ro)e a "ertain t!in

Conte2t%al; a -o%ndin or *ein -o%nded an endo0ment -or an

in#tit%tion #%"! an in#tit%tion t!e *a#e o- a !o%#e$

(7)

%rammar

O+erational; #tr%"t%re o- t!e 0!ole lan%ae

Conte2t%al; lan%ae #t%d& dealin 0it! t!e -orm# o- 0ord# and

0it! t!eir arranement in #enten"e# a #&#tem o- r%le#

-or #+ea/in and 0ritin a lan%ae one6# manner

o-#+ea/in and 0ritin a# 8%ded *& #%"! r%le# a rammar te2t*oo/ t!e +rin"i+le# or r%le# in art$ #"ien"e$ or te"!ni.%e(

Importance

O+erational; )al%e o- a t!in

Conte2t%al; t!e #tate or -a"t o- *ein o- reat #ini1"an"e or )al%e(

&anguage

O+erational; a met!od -or "omm%ni"ation

Conte2t; !%man #+ee"! or t!e 0ritten #&m*ol# o- #+ee"! an&

mean# o- "omm%ni"atin a #+e"ial #et o- #&m*ol# %#ed

in a "om+%ter$ t!e #+ee"! o- a +arti"%lar nation$ et"(

t!e +arti"%lar #t&le o- )er*al e2+re##ion "!ara"teri#ti"# or

(8)

a +er#on$ ro%+$ +ro-e##ion$ et"( 'uances

O+erational; di3eren"e or deree

Conte2t%al; a deli"ate deree or #!ade o- di3eren"e( (rere)uisite

O+erational; a re.%irement -or #omet!in

Conte2t%al; a "ondition or re.%irement t!at m%#t *e -%l1lled *e-ore!and$ re.%ired a# a "ondition o- #omet!in el#e(

Chapter II

Re*ated &iterature and Study Re*ated &iterature

I( HEIGHTENING GRAMMATICAL A5ARENESS IN ENGLISH *&

Ol"a& Sert$ Ha"ette+e Uni)er#it&$ T%r/e&(

• T!i# arti"le di#"%##e# a #t%dent +ro8e"t 0!i"! !el+# ELT @Enli#!

Lan%ae Tea"!in #t%dent# de)elo+ t!eir rammati"al

a0arene##$ a# 0ell a# lin%i#ti" "om+eten"e and +er-orman"e at %++er:intermediate or ad)an"ed le)el#( En"o%rain

#t%dent# to "arr& o%t re#ear"! on Enli#! rammar$ "olle"tin data$ e)al%atin #tr%"t%re# o- lan%ae in %#e$ dra0in %+on t!e di#"o%r#e# o- mo)ie#$ media and literat%re$ i# o*)io%#l& *ene1"ial to -orein lan%ae learner# in man& re#+e"t# a#

(9)

t!e& "annot *e e2+o#ed to taret lan%ae and it# "%lt%re in nat%ral #ettin#( From t!i#$ it i# +o##i*le to "laim t!at -orein lan%ae learner# #!o%ld *e dire"ted to t!e di#"o%r#e o- nati)e #+ea/er# in order to !a)e an %nder#tandin o- lan%ae in %#e -rom a de#"ri+ti)e +er#+e"ti)e rat!er t!an -ollo0in t!e #%*8e"ti)e +re#"ri+ti)e rammar r%le#(

II( ASSESSMENT OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE BASED ON

AUTHENTIC TETS *& Yon"a O,/an$ A##i#tant Pro-e##or$ Elt De+artment$ Uni)er#it& O- C%/%ro)a$ T%r/e&

• T!i# #t%d& ill%#trate# !o0 alternati)e a##e##ment "o%ld *e

made o*#er)in *ot! re"onition and +rod%"tion #/ill# o- t!e +arti"i+ant# 0!o 0ere Enli#! lan%ae #t%dent# at t!e ELT de+artment$ Uni)er#it& o- C%/%ro)a( In an Enli#! Conte2t%al Grammar "o%r#e$ ne0# arti"le# 0ere %#ed a# le##on material d%rin t!e 1r#t term o- t!e >:>< a"ademi" &ear$ and a midterm and a +rore## te#t 0ere admini#tered -ollo0in a rat!er %n"on)entional #et o- +ro"ed%re#( T!e #t%d& di#+la&# #%"! +ro"ed%re# aimin to #!o0 !o0 an e3e"ti)e and tr%l& learner:"entered a++roa"! to a##e##ment o- rammati"al "om+eten"e "an *e em*ra"ed &ieldin an alternati)e t&+e to t!e "on)entional a##e##ment met!od# in t!e 1eld o- Enli#! lan%ae tea"!in @ELT t!ro%! t!e %#e o- taret lan%ae ne0# arti"le# it al#o ree"t# #t%dent#6 +er"e+tion# a*o%t t!e alternati)e met!od +re#ented in t!i# #t%d&(

III( COMPETENCY LEVEL OF COLLEGE STUDENTS ON THEUSE OF

ARTICLES IN 5RITTEN DISCOURSE *& Eli,a*et! Ann T(

G%tierre, o- De La Salle Uni)er#it& -rom Ta-t A)en%e$ Manila$ P!ili++ine#

(10)

• Arti"le# are #aid to *e one o- t!e mo#t %#e 0ord# in Enli#!(

Alt!o%! arti"le# are di9"%lt in nat%re mo#t +eo+le doe#n6t !a)e -%ll a0arene## o- !o0 it i# %#ed( In >J t!e

admini#tration o- L&"e%m o- t!e P!ili++ine# Uni)er#it& de"ided to terminate rammar #%*8e"t# o- CTIHM @Collee o- To%ri#m and International Ho#+italit& Manaement in t!eir "%rri"%l%m to add a ne0 #%*8e"t related to HRM @Hotel and Re#ta%rant manaement$ 0it! t!e a##%m+tion t!at t!e #t%dent# are

alread& +ro1"ient eno%! in Enli#! #in"e rammar i# alread& t!o%!t d%rin t!eir !i! #"!ool &ear#( In t!i# reard t!e

re#ear"!er 0o%ld t!en determine t!e "om+eten"e o- CTIHM #t%dent# #in"e t!e Non:CTIHM #t%dent# retain t!eir rammar "la##e#( Ho0e)er$ *ot! "ollee ro%+# 0ill ta/e ENGL<>A

@5ritin in t!e di#"i+line( T!i# #t%d& anal&,ed t!e "om+eten"& le)el o- ENGN<>A #t%dent# in t!eir %#e o- arti"le# in 0ritten di#"o%r#e( S+e"i1"all& t!e #t%d& #o%!t to an#0er t!e

-ollo0in; @< 0!at i#=are t!e "ommon mi#ta/e@# o- CITHM and Non:CITHM in t!eir %#e o- arti"le#4 @> Doe# t!e ne0 "%rri"%l%m a3e"t t!e #t%dent6# "om+eten"& le)el in t!e %#e o- t!e Enli#! arti"le #&#tem4 @? I# t!ere a relation#!i+ *et0een t!e

re#+ondent#6 +ro1le 0it! t!eir "om+eten"& le)el4 Ea"! re#+ondent 0a# i)en a .%e#tionnaire +atterned -rom

Cam*ride Uni)er#it& ESOL te#t in rammar to e2amine t!eir +ro1"ien"&( T!e #"ore# 0ere mea#%red a""ordin to t!e K%*e" S"ale o- Com+eten"e to "lari-& t!eir le)el# in Enli#! lan%ae( T!e re#%lt# o- t!e #t%d& "an *e %#ed a# a *a#i# -or de)elo+in

t!e "%rri"%l%m and "o%ld al#o *e %#e-%l in tea"!in arti"le# in "la##room di#"o%r#e( It i# al#o *ene1"ial to -%t%re re#ear"!er 0!o aim# to #t%d& #&nta2 and mor+!olo&(

(11)

Re*ated Study

I( FROM GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE TO GRAMMATICALLY

CORRECT PERFORMANCE; AN EMPIRICAL STUDY 5ITH REGARD TO THE ENGLISH FUTURE TENSE SYSTEM( B& S"!neider$ El/e( Ma#ter7# T!e#i#$ Miami Uni)er#it&(

• T!i# t!e#i# -o"%#e# on t!e tran#-era*ilit& o- rammati"al

"om+eten"e to rammati"all& "orre"t +er-orman"e in t!e -%t%re ten#e in <t! rade German #t%dent# 0!o 0ere learnin

Enli#! a# a Se"ond Lan%ae( T!e oal 0a# to #%e#t an

em+iri"al "ontri*%tion to t!e i##%e o- 0!et!er im+li"it or e2+li"it /no0lede o- rammati"al r%le# or rammati"al "om+eten"e

(12)

!a# an& dire"t im+a"t on it# "orre"t a++li"ation in rammati"al +er-orman"e( St%dent "omm%ni"ati)e e3e"ti)ene## 0a#

a##e##ed %#in a +a##i)e rammar te#t$ an im+li"it=e2+li"it te#t$ and a +er-orman"e letter 0ritin te#t 0it! -o"%# on

"ontent( Re#%lt# indi"ate t!at ?(? o- #t%dent# a)e e)iden"e o- a tran#-er o- "om+eten"e to +er-orman"e 0!en %#in t!e Enli#! -%t%re ten#e$ #%e#tin t!at rammar +ra"ti"e #!o%ld *e /e+t in a "omm%ni"ati)el&:oriented -rame0or/ to ma/e

tran#-er ea#ier( Te#t material# and .%antitati)e data re#%lt# are a++ended( @Contain# an e2ten#i)e li#t o- re-eren"e#( @NAV

II( AN EVALUATIVE STUDY OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN CONVERSATIONAL ENGLISH AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN THE LITERARY OPTION; THE CASE OF RUSII AND NYAMASHEE DISTRICTS *& Valen# Na*o&era$

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF R5ANDA

• St%dent#$ and e#+e"iall& #t%dent# in de)elo+in "o%ntrie#$ -re.%entl& remain de1"ient in t!e a*ilit& to a"t%all& %#e t!e lan%ae and to %nder#tand it# %#e in normal "omm%ni"ation( T!ere-ore$ t!e la"/ o- "omm%ni"ati)e "om+eten"e in

"on)er#ational Enli#! amon E(L( learner# "an "a%#e a #erio%# +ro*lem to t!e 0!ole R0andan #o"iet& in eneral and

+arti"%larl& to t!e learner# t!em#el)e#( T!i# #t%d& intend# to ill%#trate t!e e2tent to 0!i"! E(L( learner# in t!e literar& o+tion are "omm%ni"ati)el& "om+etent in "on)er#ational Enli#! and -a"tor# t!at in%en"e t!at "om+eten"e( To a"!ie)e t!i#

You're Reading a Preview

Unlock full access with a free trial. Download With Free Trial

(13)

o*8e"ti)e$ t!ree re#ear"! .%e#tion# and t!ree !&+ot!e#e# 0ere %#ed( T!e +o+%lation tareted *& t!i# #t%d& 0a# made o- ?JJ #t%dent# and  tea"!er# o- Enli#! in t!e literar& o+tion in

R%#i,i and N&ama#!e/e( U#in t!e +%r+o#i)e #am+lin and t!e random #am+lin te"!ni.%e# Q? and  tea"!er# 0ere #ele"ted a# t!e #am+le o- t!e #t%d&(

T0o re#ear"! in#tr%ment#; t!e .%e#tionnaire and t!e te#t 0ere %#ed in t!e "olle"tion data( A-ter te#tin t!e )alidit&

o-in#tr%ment# t!e .%e#tionnaire 0a# admini#tered *& t!e

re#ear"!er and !e manaed to "ontrol o)er t!e #t%dent# 0!o #at -or t!e te#t to +re)ent t!em -rom "!eatin( T!en$ t!e

.%antitati)e met!od o- data anal&#i# 0a# %#ed( It 0a# -o%nd o%t t!at #t%dent# are not "omm%ni"ati)el& "om+etent in

"on)er#ational Enli#!(

T!i# re#%lt# in t!e -a"t t!at < o- tea"!er# #a& t!at t!eir #t%dent# are not intere#ted in %#in E(L( in real:li-e

"omm%ni"ation$ and t!at t!e& -eel #!& 0!en %#in Enli#! o%t#ide t!e "la##room 0!ile ?( o- #t%dent# #a& t!at t!e& +re-er to *e more a""%rate rat!er t!an %ent in t!eir #+ee"!( It 0a# al#o noti"ed t!at$ de#+ite #t%dent# and tea"!er#7

a0arene## o- a +aramo%nt im+ortan"e o- %#in a%dio:)i#%al e.%i+ment in E(L( tea"!in and learnin$ tea"!er# do not %#e #ome o- t!e#e tea"!in aid# t!at are a)aila*le in t!eir #"!ool# in E(L( tea"!in( For in#tan"e$  o- tea"!er# #a& t!at t!e& %#e onl& radio in E(L( tea"!in(

T!en$ it 0a# -o%nd t!at oral lan%ae #/ill# are i)en le##

em+!a#i#( T!i# #t%d& !a# #ome im+li"ation# to t!e de)elo+ment o- oral #/ill# -or "omm%ni"ati)e +%r+o#e# amon E(L( learner#( Sin"e #t%dent# are not intere#ted in %#in Enli#! in real:li-e #it%ation#$ t!e& "an not *e "omm%ni"ati)el& "om+etent( T!en$ #in"e tea"!er# do not %#e %+dated tea"!in aid#$ #t%dent#

(14)

o)er"ome t!i# +ro*lem$ learner#$ tea"!er# and de"i#ion:ma/er# need mainl& to *e a0are o- it(

+ib*iography

• G%iterre,$ Eli,a*et! Ann T( Com+eten"& le)el o- "ollee

#t%dent# ON THE USE OF ARTICLES IN 5RITTEN DISCOURSE https://www.academia.edu/3791079/Competency_level_of_c ollege_students_ON_!"_#$"_O%_&'(C)"$_(N_*'("N_+($CO# '$"

(15)

• Van Horne$ Mar)in L( Enli#! << http://lessons.englishg,amma,101.com/"nglish-,amma,101/ (nt,oduction.asp ( <?J:>J( • 5i/i+edia http://en.wiipedia.o,g/wii/+isputes_in_"nglish_g,amma," amples

• Gineri"!$ 'on( > Common Grammar Mi#ta/e# T!at @Almo#t

E)er&one Ma/e#

http://lit,eacto,.com/columns/02common2g,amma,2

mistaes2that2almost2eve,yone2gets2w,ongpage4. 'an%ar& ?<$ ><>(

• Ben#/&$ Pat( 5!& i# it im+ortant to %#e "orre"t rammar4

http://www.t,ace,p,ess.com/,efe,ence/why2is2co,,ect2 g,amma,2impo,tant.php.

• National Co%n"il o- Tea"!er# in Enli#!$ Ronald 'o*a and Poll&

Bro0n T!e Enli#! 'o%rnal Vol( Q<$ No(?$ Mar($ <>$ ++( >:>? http://www.6sto,.o,g/stale/i3383

http://www.6sto,.o,g/discove,/10.307/17013 sid411018803;uid4<;uid4373<;uid4

• O"la&$ Sert( Hei!tenin Grammati"al A0arene## in Enli#!

http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/awa,eness. >(

• O,"an$ Yon/a( A##e##ment o- Grammati"al Com+eten"e Ba#ed

on A%t!enti" Te2t#

http://www.ccsenet.o,g/6ou,nal/inde.php/i6el/a,ticle/view%ile/ 993/3<. Mar"! < to Ma& ?$ ><<

(16)

• S"!neider$ El/e( From Grammati"al Com+eten"e to

Grammati"all& Corre"t Per-orman"e; An Em+iri"al St%d& 0it! Reard to t!e Enli#! F%t%re Ten#e S&#tem(

http://e,ic.ed.gov/id4"+3981.

• Na*o&era$ Valen#( An E)al%ati)e St%d& o- Comm%ni"ati)e

Com+eten"e in Con)er#ational Enli#! amon Enli#!

Lan%ae Learner# in t!e Literar& O+tion; T!e Ca#e o- R%#i,i and N&ama#!e/e Di#tri"t#

http://www.memoi,eonline.com/1/0/1773/&n2"valuative2 $tudy2of2Communicative2Competence2in2Conve,sational2"nglish2 among2"nglish2)anguage2)ea.html_oc1370<. De"em*er >J( • http://inst,uct.uwo.ca/w,iting/wg/why.htm • www.google.com

• %eddes , %rosset. Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus.