2015 Biodynamic Lunar and Planetary Calendar

2015 Biodynamic Lunar

and Planetary Calendar

Pierre Masson

© Biodynamie Services

The concept and layout for this calendar is, in part, drawn from

the calendar published by the Bio-Dynamic Agricultural

Association of Australia (BDAAA). It is simple and easy to use.

For this 6

th

_{edition, our colour-coding system makes reading the}

monthly charts, as well as identifying the root, leaf, flower and

fruit days easier. When you see different coloured bands at the

bottom of the calendar date boxes, they indicate that several

differing impulses are occurring at the given times.

You'll also find detailed information on oppositions, conjunctions,

trines and squares. These planetary aspects express the

complexity of cosmic rhythms. This information may seem of

secondary importance. However, taking into consideration the

various planetary aspects allows for the fine-tuning of work. This

is important for delicate work, such as seed selection/production

or winemaking.

On page 8 you'll also find the tidal coefficients.

This calendar contains information based on the research of

Eugen and Lily Kolisko (“Agriculture of Tomorrow”), lectures by

Alex Podolinsky of the Biodynamic Agricultural Association of

Australia, the work of Hartmut Spiess (available at the Institute

for Biodynamic Research (IBDF) in Darmstadt, Germany, and

the work and research of Maria Thun.

It also takes into account indications found in biodynamic

literature addressing the issues of cosmic rhythms, particularly

the book “Agriculture biodynamique – Introduction aux résultats

scientifiques de la méthode” by Ulmer publishing house 2001.

We have included information taken from the experience of

Peter Proctor (consultant in New Zealand and India) on the

practical use of the calendar and the influences of Moon's

opposition to Saturn.

Lastly, this document also includes information taken from my

own personal experience, particularly the observations of

farmers and winegrowers with whom I’ve worked for many

years.

With regard to the double monthly pages, the first page gives

an overview of the week-to-week cosmic influences. We’ve put

Monday as the first day of the week to facilitate weekly

planning. At the bottom of this page you’ll find a chart that

summarizes the position of the different planets in front of the

zodiac constellations. Indications are also given for the visibility

of the planets in the night sky : in the evening, the middle of the

night, and in the morning before sunrise.

The second page is essentially for note-taking, handy for

recording your observations and work details. The layout of

this page allows for quick identification of important monthly

events, such as the waxing and waning Moon, the ascending and

descending Moon, the perigee and apogee days, node times,

Moon and Saturn oppositions and the position of the Sun in the

various zodiac constellations throughout the year.

Page 33 contains a legend of the abbreviations and symbols

used in the calendar and allows you to have on hand basic

information for the practical, daily use of the monthly charts.

At the end of the calendar you’ll find a bibliography of related

works.

The dates for planting and other agricultural work provided in this

calendar are based on information determined by the astronomical

zodiac (as shown by the outside circle) and not by the 30° spacing

traditionally used in astrology (as shown by the inside circle).

This calendar also shows the days and times for when the Moon and

planets move through the different zodiac constellations, the Moon

phases, the lunar and planetary nodes, and the apogees and perigees

of the Moon. It also shows the planetary oppositions, conjunctions

and squares followed by the time at which the aspect occurs :

☽☍♄

12

The trines (position of planets forming an angle of 120° between

each other) are indicated, as well as data that, according to M.Thun,

show the changes of "general atmosphere" or "character" (*Earth* -

*Water* - *Air* - *Fire*) that the trine brings in relation to the basic

information provided by the position of the Moon in the various

zodiac constellations (Root – Leaf – Flower – Fruit).

The retrograde periods of the planets are shown at the bottom of the

monthly charts.

Spring equinox Vernal point

Preface

Text, design and publication by Pierre Masson and his collaborators.

Cover photo

 

: Brigitte Calmes-Fleith

BioDynamie Services Les Crêts 71250 Château/ France

Legal deposit Third trimester 2014

ISBN 978-2-9538289-6-2

Cosmic rhythms and Biodynamics

*

Five major lunar cycles and many planetary aspects

are described in this calendar

Lunar rhythms

Synodic lunar rhythm (waxing and waning of the Moon)

This is the most familiar rhythm and the easiest one to observe. It’s a

lunar-solar rhythm that begins with the new Moon, i.e. the conjunction of

the Moon with the Sun (synod = encounter). This cycle lasts 29.53 days

and includes the different Moon phases.

From the new Moon (NM), transiting through the first quarter (FQM) and

arriving ultimately at Full Moon (FM), we have the waxing Moon (also

known as the young Moon or soft Moon in the French language).

From the full Moon (FM) and the transit of the Moon through the last

Quarter (LQM) and up to the next encounter or conjunction with the Sun

that brings about the next new Moon (NM), we have the waning Moon

(also known as the old Moon or hard Moon, in French).

This rhythm, as indicated by Rudolf Steiner in his “Agriculture Course” is

the most influential of all the rhythms on growth and cellular development.

Much research and experimentation have been conducted on the subject

by scientists such as L. Kolisko, H. Spiess, E. Zuercher, etc.

The influence of the waxing Moon is accentuated in damp weather, and

on irrigated crops.

➔

Work to be carried out during waxing Moon :

Sowing done at this time germinates quickly and will have healthy growth,

especially during the period 5 – 2 days before full Moon. This period is

not favourable, however, for planting potatoes. Plants (including pastures)

to be mowed, pruned or grafted on these days will resume growth rapidly.

The actual day of the full Moon is not considered to be favourable for

sowing. The days just before the full Moon will favour the development of

fungal disease, proliferation of parasites, slugs and various pests.

The tendency towards fungal disease is even greater when the full Moon

and the perigee are close together.

It may be beneficial to use regulating methods just before this period:

apply plant extracts (herbal teas, horsetail decoction, D5 dilution of

horsetail, or 0.5% dilution of sodium silicate in countries where this is

authorized).

It is also a good time to take preventive measures using traditional,

mineral-based sprays (copper, sulphur, etc.).

During the period preceding the full Moon, leaf fertilizers are quickly

assimilated and are of maximum efficiency. It’s also a good time (48

hours before full Moon) for treating (on an empty stomach) animals with

intestinal parasites using natural remedies such as garlic, cider vinegar, etc.

The day of the new Moon, as well as the day of the first quarter (FQM)

may be slightly unfavourable for sowing.

Cutting trees in winter during the waxing Moon will give wood that is

heavier to begin with; however it dries more quickly than wood cut during

the waning Moon.

➔

Work to be carried out during waning Moon :

Avoid sowing on the day of the new Moon, as well as the days just before

it. In many traditions, the day before the new Moon is considered

unfavourable.

Cutting down trees for timber in December and January gives lighter

wood, with better technological qualities and better resistance to pests and

fungal infestation.

This cycle is highlighted on the right-hand pages of the calendar, and is

depicted by blue horizontal triangles. According to their position, these

triangles indicate clearly the waxing and waning periods of the Moon.

●

◯

●

*

Tropic lunar rhythm (Ascending and Descending Moon)

This cycle lasts 27.3 days. The Moon is situated for part of the tropic

cycle above the celestial equator, and then passes below it. The part of the

cycle that begins at the lowest point (southern-most point) in Scorpio is

called the "rising" or ascending Moon or lunar spring. When the Moon

reaches its highest point (northern-most point) in Taurus, it begins its

descending phase, also known as lunar autumn, or planting time.

It is worth noting that this process works the other way round in the

southern hemisphere. This means that the descending Moon (lunar

autumn), shown by the brown background on the calendar, corresponds to

the ascending Moon (lunar spring) south of the Tropic of Capricorn.

The influence of this cycle is important, and it is highlighted visibly on the

calendar by the dark (brown) background for the descending Moon and

light-coloured (white) background for the ascending Moon. The tropic

lunar cycle is related to the primary, annual solar cycle that goes from the

winter solstice (Southern solstice = Christmas time) where the Sun is

between the constellation of Scorpio and the constellation of Sagittarius up

to the summer solstice (Northern solstice = feast of St John) when the Sun

is between the constellation of Taurus and the constellation of Gemini. The

cycle is descending when the Sun moves from the summer solstice to the

winter solstice. It is this movement of the Sun that defines the seasons.

This major solar cycle is mirrored in the daily breathing of the Earth:

ascending (exhalation) from midnight to noon and descending (inhalation)

from noon to midnight. The hours that follow the change of direction of

this movement are considered to be unsettled or chaotic: from midnight to

3 am and from noon to 3 pm, bearing in mind that these times are

according to solar time.

➔

Work to be carried out during the ascending Moon :

The growth forces are accentuated in the aerial parts of plants; there is

an increase in vitality. During this period, sowing seeds in relation to the

position of the Moon in front of the various constellations of the zodiac

can be favourable, whenever this is possible. M. Thun recommends

preparing the soil for sowing in the constellations appropriate to the

sidereal cycle (see heading: "Sidereal lunar cycle").

The biodynamic agricultural method is characterized by a number of specific points, amongst which the following can be stated:

-! The concept of the farm or garden as a living, individualized

organism - autonomous and diversified.

-! Careful use of the biodynamic preparations: Horn Manure (500,

500P), and Horn Silica (501) used as sprays on the soil and on plants/crops. The use of the six compost preparations : yarrow (502), camomile (503), nettle (504), oak bark (505) and valerian (507) which are used in the compost heap. If not, these

preparations can be sprayed in the form of M. Thun’s Barrel Preparation or Prepared Horn Manure (500P).

-! Pest Control/Prevention by using herbal teas, decoctions and the

incineration of pests, and the spreading of the ashes on the required areas (ashing technique).

-! Research on the use of seeds adapted to local conditions and to

human and livestock nutritional needs.

-! Working consciously on landscape management means favouring

interactions between the hedges, groves, single trees, wetlands, and domestic or wild animals, notably insects, birds and bees. Organizing one's work according to the major cosmic rhythms is only one part of the aspects described above.

It is also essential to bear in mind that biodynamic agriculture is above all

a « solar-based agriculture”. The solar cycle is of paramount importance.

It is the Sun that determines the seasons and the alternating rhythms of day and night. The light and heat of the Sun are the main factors that regulate climate and plant activity through the process of photosynthesis. The lunar and planetary rhythms play a secondary role to the major solar processes.

Spray Horn Silica (501) after the beginning of early growth and

especially at the height of the growth cycle, bearing in mind whenever

possible, the nature of the plants and their relationship to the zodiac

constellations.

Harvest leaf-vegetables and fruit in the morning (not root vegetables).

Harvest aerial parts of plants for medicinal purposes or for making

biodynamic preparations; make hay and silage.

➔

Work to be carried out during the descending Moon :

Soil activity is more intense during this period. The Earth is breathing

in and this brings the growth forces into the root area.

Spray Horn Manure (500 and 500P) on warm, damp soil, starting in

the late afternoon, in early spring and in autumn.

Make and spread compost and carry out work on the soil.

Transplant trees, plants and cuttings. Prune fruit trees, vines and

shrubs.

Harvest root vegetables for storage on root days (Virgo) and in the

afternoon.

*

Sidereal lunar rhythm

This cycle lasts 27.3 days (7 seconds longer per cycle than the tropic

revolution). This cycle defines the movement of the Moon in front of

the fixed stars of the zodiac constellations. This cycle has been the

subject of much research and writing of M. Thun and forms the bulk

of indications of most sowing/planting calendars. The effects of the

sidereal cycle have not been confirmed by researchers such as H.

Spiess and U. Graf. Some experiments partially confirm the role of

the sidereal cycle in the development of plant organs (U. Abele, V.

Lust):

-

Roots are related to *Earth* constellations : Taurus, Virgo and

Capricorn.

- Leaves are related to *Water* constellations : Pisces, Cancer and

Scorpio.

- Flowers are related to *Air-Light* constellations : Aquarius, Gemini, and

Libra.

- Fruit are related to *Fire-Warmth* constellations : Aries, Leo and

Sagittarius.

- Work carried out when the Moon is in Leo is considered by M. Thun as

particularly favourable for grain and seeds.

There is still much research to be done as the sidereal cycle is crossed

by numerous other lunar and planetary cycles, especially the daily

cycle of the Sun in front of the zodiac constellations, described by R.

Steiner in the "Agriculture Course", as well as in lectures he gave to

doctors. M. Thun noticed marked variations of yields in seed trials

conducted hour-to-hour within the same zodiac impulse. It is clear

that prudence is required, and further experimentation is welcome.

*

Anomalistic lunar rhythm (apogee and perigee)

This cycle lasts 27.55 days. The elliptical trajectory of the Moon's

transit at the shortest distance from the earth is called the perigee

(Pg). When the Moon 's transit is furthest from the Earth, this is

called the apogee (Ag).

This cycle is considered to be influential, but opinions vary widely on

the potential effects of work carried out on either side of these lunar

phenomena.

We can try to understand how the proximity of the Moon exerts a

powerful influence on the reproductive forces and the growth of living

beings by referring to the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture

Course".

This can have a positive influence on yields and plant vigour, but can

also be risky for plants prone to fungal disease when this tendency is

pronounced due to climatic conditions or geographical exposition. This

heightened lunar activity can increase the development of such

diseases.

This day is highlighted by a blue-coloured box (increased *Water* and

growth forces) followed by asterisks :

The reverse is true when the position of the Moon is in apogee.

Apogee intensifies solar forces, accentuating the effects of the

*Air-Light* element, which can increase the luminous, drying character

prevalent at this time.

Precautions to be taken on Apogee days: In areas, or at times of the

year when heat and light are particularly intense, special care should

be taken on these days. Avoid spraying Horn Silica (501). However,

this day is particularly good for planting potatoes (P. Proctor, A.

Podolinsky).

This day is highlighted by a yellow-coloured box (increased *Air-Light*

forces) followed by asterisks to show that this day requires particular

caution:

For further information on perigee and apogee, see page 33.

*

Draconic lunar rhythm (Moon nodes)

This cycle lasts 27.2 days and determines the Moon nodes. The

Moon's orbit is at an angle of approximately 5° to the ecliptic plane

(the trajectory of the Earth around the Sun) and transits this plane

twice a month: once when ascending (ascending node), and again

when descending (descending node). If the Moon node times coincide

with the full Moon, this gives rise to a lunar eclipse; and if it coincides

with the new Moon, this creates a solar eclipse.

Experiments by M. Thun and numerous other biodynamic

practitioners have shown that work carried out during these times

can, in many cases, have a negative effect on life. It is advised not to

do any work on soil, plants, biodynamic preparations, harvesting or

food processing during the time before and after Moon nodes (3

hours before and 3 hours after Moon nodes according to M. Thun

and 6 hours before and following Moon nodes according to P. Proctor).

A. Podolinsky claims the negative influence to be even longer: 24

hours either side of the Moon node. For producing seeds, he advises

to avoid sowing if the germination period falls within the influence of

a Moon node, giving a period of 36 hours before the Moon node.

These times are highlighted by a gray-coloured box, with the times of

the beginning and end of the influence of the Moon node.

In this calendar, we consider the disruptive influence as lasting 6

hours before and 6 hours after the time of the node. For example,

for a node occurring at 3 pm :

*

Specific Planetary Positions

In order to show the complexity of the cosmic rhythms clearly, a large

number of planetary aspects (the position of planets in relation to

each other): nodes, trines, oppositions, conjunctions, squares, and

occultations (eclipses) are indicated.

Planetary nodes

Like the Moon, all of the planets' orbits are inclined in relation to the

ecliptic plane. This means that they also have transit nodes, often

considered highly negative and lasting for much longer times than the

Moon nodes. For the nodes of the near planets, i.e. Mercury and

Venus, M. Thun considers the period lasting 24 - 36 hours before and

12 hours after the planetary nodes to be detrimental.

Ag 09h *****

Pg 10h *****

9 - - 21

Mercury nodes occur every 38 to 48 days, Venus nodes about every

110 days.

Nodes of the distant planets (Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) are rare.

Several days of disturbance can be caused by these nodes. According to

M. Thun, the effects of nodes and eclipses are problematic in only about

70% of cases. Although H. Spiess indicates their influence in his work,

he does not give details or practical advice on the subject.

These periods are shown in the calendar by a gray-coloured box

indicating the beginning and end of the node's influence. Below, the

ascending Mercury node takes place at 6 pm, therefore its disruptive

influence begins the day before at 6 pm and ends the following day at

6 am :

Feedback from practical experience often confirms that these aspects

bring about drastic disturbances which can have lasting effects on

plants and soil and are unfavourable for food processing. Wine appears

to be particularly sensitive to these planetary disturbances, which affect

both winemaking and wine tasting.

*

Trines

Trines are formed when the positions of the planets form an angle of

120°.

According to M. Thun, taking into account the trine aspects allows us to

identify the changes in "general atmosphere" brought about by this

aspect in comparison with the initial indications determined by the

position of the Moon in the zodiac constellations. M. Thun gives

Mercury, Venus, the Sun, and all the distant planets (Mars, Jupiter,

Saturn), as well as those beyond Saturn (Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) as

being concerned by trine aspects.

We have given indications for all of the planetary trines, including the

Moon trines. Certain of these planetary positions exert a powerful

influence on plants used for seed-production. Sowing seeds under the

influence of certain aspects can modify the type obtained, which can in

turn be transmitted to future plant generations via these seeds.

For lettuce, effects are noticeable on heart formation, resistance to

disease, flavor, and the tendency to go to seed. Negative effects have

been observed when sowing was done during Moon trines with other

near planets (Mercury and Venus) for seed production. Sowing during

the Moon trine Saturn aspect seems to give more positive results for

different criteria.

These considerations open up promising prospects for seed selection.

This should encourage those working in areas where precision is

important to pursue research to find optimum conditions to improve

production (viticulture, wine-making, medicinal plants for therapeutic

purposes or essential oils).

Documentation on the work of Ruth Richter is available in the German

biodynamic magazine "Lebendige Erde.

 

»

*

Oppositions

Oppositions are generally considered favourable to life processes.

Oppositions and aspect times are indicated as follows:

*XK19.

The biodynamic tradition (F. Rulni, J. Ducom), as well as more recent

observations by P. Proctor, indicate the aspect Moon opposition Saturn

as extremely favourable. This planetary aspect occurs every 27.5 days.

The Moon acts, on the one hand, in its relationship with lime, which in

turn, is related to reproductive forces and cellular multiplication. The

forces of Saturn, on the other hand, act in relation to silica, linked to the

formation of plant substances found in roots, leaves and fruit, as well as

qualitative processes, such as colour, aroma, etc.

The balancing effect of these two planetary influences, radiating

simultaneously towards the Earth, encourages vigourous and healthy

development of plants sown or planted at this time. Experiments show

that spraying Horn Silica (501) during this aspect strengthens plants

and increases their resistance to diseases and insects; it also enhances

product quality.

Sometimes this aspect coincides with the New Moon. When this

happens, it appears that the negative effects of the NM predominate.

➔

Work to be carried out the day before and on the day of

Moon opposition Saturn :

All sowing and planting/transplanting. Horn Silica (501) can be sprayed

early in the morning on the day or the day before to increase resistance

to fungal disease (mildew, botrytis, scab, black spot on rosebushes, and

mildew on cucurbit crops).

This aspect is accompanied by the following symbols at the top of the

date-box: +++ to bring your attention to these particularly favourable

days when they are not counteracted by other negative factors, such as

nodes.

*

Conjunctions and occultations (eclipses)

In general, conjunctions weaken and disturb life processes. Occultations

and positions close to planetary occultations are even more negative.

Like nodes and eclipses, they can incur chaotic disturbances for the soil,

plants and work carried out at this time.

In her writings, M. Thun reports extremely negative effects during

occultations or when the Moon is close to another planet (with the

difference in declination up to 1°20'). These planetary positions occur

regularly and are indicated by the following symbols:

*

_p

K, *

_p

% .

We indicate these periods by a gray-coloured box, for a duration of 6

hours, as with the different nodes and eclipses.

*

Squares

Angular positions of 90° (squares) have effects considered neutral

between near and distant planets. However, when a planet beyond

Saturn is involved (Uranus, Neptune or Pluto), the effects can be

disruptive and even negative. We only indicate the latter in this

calendar.

The positions of the Moon in its first quarter (FQM) as well as the last

quarter (LQM) are squares often exerting a disturbing influence.

****

Retrogrades and position of planets in the zodiac

When planets are retrograde, they are closer to the Earth. They exert a

heavy influence on the "general atmosphere" by adding their own

specific influence to the Moon quality of the day (when these are

synchronized).

These positions are indicated by the four colours on the planetary chart

showing their relationship to the elements:

*Earth*

,

*Water*

,

*Air*

and

*Fire*

.

****

Easter time

In keeping with the work of M. Thun, we have noted the two days

preceding Easter (Good Friday and Holy Saturday) as problematic.

Negative feedback from various experiments on planting of vines at

these times leads us to recommend precaution on these days.

*

Note

:

When planetary positions (oppositions, trines, etc.) coincide with

nodes, eclipses, or the New Moon, the effects of these aspects are

dominant. For this reason, we haven't marked the coloured band

habitually found at the bottom of the date box.

18 - A Mercury Node 18h - 6

According to Alex Podolinsky

If possible, sowing should be done during the waxing Moon (phase

going from the new Moon to the full Moon), preferably near the full

Moon, but no later than two days before full Moon.

Sowing seeds during the ascending Moon (lunar spring) can also give

good results.

One can also apply the findings of M. Thun, whose work showed that

plant development is more or less directed towards the root, leaf,

flower, fruit or seed, according to the position of the Moon in the

zodiac at the time of sowing.

Planting and transplanting are best done during the descending

Moon (lunar autumn, or planting time).

The roots and soil develop better in the afternoon, during the waning

Moon and the descending Moon, and it is desirable to take these

factors into account for work on the soil, spreading compost, and

transplanting. Working the soil at these times will be followed by less

weed growth; compost will be integrated more quickly, and plants will

take root more quickly, especially if they have been dug up in the

morning, and kept in a cool place for several hours in order to

become slightly "hungry". It is preferable to avoid a 24 hour period

either side of nodes (when the trajectory of the Moon crosses the

ecliptic plane) i.e., one day before and one day after a node, as nodes

have a negative effect on seeds during germination.

Once sowing has been done, the seeds will need to be under the

influence of the corresponding zodiac constellation for 36 hours. This

means that one should sow at the very beginning of the Moon's

transit in a given constellation, and even several hours beforehand.

This period of 36 hours should not overlap with the influence of a

node aspect.

Potatoes should be planted on root-days, preferably when the Moon

is near apogee.

*

According to the work of Hartmut Spiess

As a general rule, (except for potatoes), H. Spiess reports that sowing

carried out 5 to 3 days before full Moon gives good yields and the

seeds obtained are of good quality. The day of full Moon is

unfavourable.

This fits in with the results of other researchers outside the

biodynamic movement.

He also reports overall positive effects on sowing carried out at

perigee for all cultivated crops (radishes, carrots, potatoes, french

beans, rye). For potatoes, he indicates the days preceding the new

Moon or days near to perigee as favourable. He also points out that

planting potatoes before full Moon increases diseases and pests.

H. Spiess considers the sidereal lunar cycle to be of minor

importance. He does state, however, that carrots will be of maximum

quality and quantity if sown a few days before full Moon, especially if

the Moon is in Virgo at this time, which is always the case from April

to June. For French beans, he reports good results when sown during

the time near to the northern-most Moon (Moon in Gemini) as well

as in perigee.

For radishes, however, the best sowing dates seem to be at the

beginning of the ascending Moon (southern-most Moon).

Note : This has been confirmed by numerous practitioners : the

radish seems to be a plant highly sensitive to the elemental character

of the sowing day. Root-days (characterized by the impulse of the

*Earth* element) or leaf-days (characterized by the impulse of the

*Water* element) are proven regularly to be highly favourable.

*

According to the work of Maria and Matthias Thun

The work of M. and M. Thun is primarily based on the sidereal lunar

cycle. The impulse determined by the predominating element each

day is the most decisive factor. She advises following these positions

systematically, whether it be for sowing, applying the biodynamic

preparations, transplanting, hoeing or harvesting, always bearing in

mind the organ of the plant that one wishes to develop.

According to M. Thun, the tropic lunar cycle has little influence on

sowing and this can be done at ascending or descending Moon.

She claims that the 24 hours either side of the Moon perigee are

systematically unfavourable, whereas the work of others does not

confirm this hypothesis.

M. Thun considers the times (hours) either side of the Moon apogee

as times when the Flower, *Air-Light* impulses are dominant.

According to M. Thun, Root-days are favourable for planting potatoes.

To regenerate potatoes, she advises the new Moon and the Sun in

Aries (the new Moon phase, from 19th April to 14th May), as well as

the Moon in Leo and the Sun in Aries.

M. Thun worked extensively on the positions of the planets called

trines, and you'll find information on this in these pages. M. Thun

considers the opposition of planets beyond Saturn (Uranus, Neptune,

Pluto) to be of great importance. She claims that they alter

considerably the original impulses of the Moon and it's position in the

zodiac constellations.

*

According to the work of Ernst Zuercher

For tree felling, one can take into account the work of E. Zuercher,

who states that the descending - waning Moons in December and

January are favourable for timber, which will have good technological

properties and better resistance to pests.

The ascending - waxing Moon is better suited for firewood. Wood cut

at this time, although significantly heavier to begin with, dries more

quickly.

Note : In certain areas, felling of coniferous and birch trees during the

late summer solar cycle has proven positive. This period falls

between the two Saint Mary days : from 15th August to 8th

September.

****

The Ashing technique: when to carry out incinerations and

how to use the ashes

Information is given in the monthly charts. Detailed information can

be found in related works, as well as in the "Biodynamic Manual,

Second edition" by Pierre and Vincent Masson (see also the erratum

to this book on www.biodynamie-services.fr/en/).

Incinerations for weed control can be done at any time. R. Steiner

did not give specific dates in the “Agriculture Course”.

However, significant results have been obtained with this method for

regulating weeds particularly difficult to get rid of by agronomic

methods when they've become unmanageable (thistle and bindweed,

for example). The reproductive parts of the plant (seeds and

rhizomes) should be incinerated at full Moon. This can also be done

during waning Moon, in accordance with initial indications by R.

Steiner in his “preparatory notes” for the “Agriculture Course”.

For regulating undesirable birds and mammals, see the December

pages for details.

Different points of view on the use and effects of cosmic cycles and agriculture

Research on the effects of cosmic rhythms on farming is far from

complete. Much of the information presented in numerous lunar and

planetary calendars is not always confirmed by the practical

experience of researchers, gardeners, or professionals in the field of

agriculture.

The movements of the planets and other cosmic phenomena are

complex. The position of the celestial bodies in relation to the Earth

varies constantly. Their movements and exact positions virtually

never occur twice in exactly the same way. Furthermore, when

working with the living, and in agriculture in particular, yields,

well-balanced crops, and product quality can depend on many different

factors : soil fertility at the outset, quality of seeds and their

adaptation to the local environment, manure and compost, climatic

conditions, farming techniques, etc.

In addition to the above, the influence of the researcher, gardener or

farmer is far from insignificant. In identical situations, one person

may obtain highly positive results and another not. The "green

thumb" effect (the influence of thought and the psyche on the living

)

is a reality that can be observed in daily life.

One should not use lunar and planetary calendars as rigid guidelines

for when to apply the preparations. It is never desirable to try and

deliberately develop one single aspect of a plant's growth; for

example, working with vines only at times considered favourable for

fruit development (on fruit-days in the calendar) which may

accentuate unilateral development.

All plants need to develop fully in each of their four organs: roots,

leaves, flowers and fruit.

However, with regard to vines, fruit trees and seed production,

applying Horn Silica (501) two or three times at 8 to 10 day

intervals in a trine aspect related to the *Fire* element (fruit-days) is

advisable whenever possible. If necessary, one can also spray on days

marked by the influence of the *Air-Light* element (flower-days). For

these plants in particular (unless a specific situation requires

otherwise), it is advisable to avoid days heavily influenced by the

*Water* impulse.

Special care is required for plant protection in market gardens,

orchards, and viticulture on the days preceding, as well as the hours

either side of the Moon’s perigee, especially if this is near the full

Moon. For plants prone to fungal disease, these times are ideal for

preventive measures (Horn silica, horsetail decoction or other herbal

teas). However, in the majority of cases, the Moon's perigee is an

excellent day for sowing and for work that stimulates vegetative

activity and cellular multiplication. My own experience shows that

pruning weak vines on this day, provided that the operation is not

repeated too frequently - not more than 2 to 3 years running -

increases vigourousness. Continuing longer than this results in too

much vigour and increased risk to fungal disease. Similarly, applying

Horn Manure (500 or 500P) on a perigee day to stimulate the life of

the soil can give good results to increase vigour in weak plants.

Planting and transplanting in accordance with the descending cycle of

the Moon has proven to be effective. For composting, the descending

Moon rhythm is more important in spring than in autumn. For

pruning, the descending Moon phase seems beneficial for giving

balance and vigour to vines and weak trees. Pruning in the

ascending Moon phase seems to regulate excessive vigour in vines.

The daily breathing cycle of the Earth (exhalation in the morning,

inhalation in the evening) is of major importance. Care of plants in

accordance with this cycle contributes to better overall plant

development. Working the soil in the morning allows the soil to rid

itself of excess humidity and hoeing in the evening reduces the need

for water in times of drought. For harvesting - flavour and storage

qualities are increased if carried out in accordance with this cycle:

harvest aerial parts of plants in the morning and preferably during

the ascending Moon; harvest the underground parts of plants in the

evening, preferably during the descending Moon.

For applying the biodynamic preparations and other delicate work,

avoid working between noon and 3 pm (solar time); the three hours

following the Sun's zenith are unfavourable. Stirring and spraying

preparations used on the soil should be carried out in the evening

only (500, 500P and MT's Barrel Preparation).

It is important to note that the effects of working with cosmic

rhythms are more easily observed in humus-rich soil receiving the

biodynamic preparations; when the seeds and plants have acquired a

certain sensitivity due to their local, organic, or better still, biodynamic

origin; and when recourse to watering is moderate.

In spite of uncertainty and some contradictory results, the

judicious and practical use of this calendar can be a useful tool

for biodynamic practice. It can improve work planning and in

many cases, increase yields and the health and quality of crops.

It is advisable to note which "aspects" of the Sun, Moon and

planets are present when carrying out work on the soil, spraying

the preparations, harvesting and food processing, and to be

attentive to the effects and acquired results. These notes and

observations, if carried out meticulously, allow for a serious

assessment at the end of the farming season and to fine-tune

one's work and evaluations each year. Exchanges between

farmers and advisors based on precise records contribute to the

development and evolution of the biodynamic movement as a

whole.

The true meaning of biodynamic farming means developing one's

observational capacity, perception and intuition in order to take

action in the right way at the right time. The work of a farmer

cannot be determined by a set of recipes that have been

pre-established by a calendar.

"Work planning, sowing and manuring must be the result of

contemporary means of objective observation of nature and sound,

professional assessment. Good common sense, and the use of

agronomic criteria should guide one's work on the soil or harvest at

all times. Into this context, one can integrate the major, daily and

seasonal rhythms. The lunar and planetary rhythms are only of

secondary importance." H. Spiess.

It is essential, therefore, to remember that for working the soil,

sowing, and applying the biodynamic preparations, it is primarily the

state of the soil, the needs of plants and the prevailing climatic

conditions that should take precedence over considering the

indications given in the calendar.

Nonetheless, one should avoid any work touching the soil, plants

(sowing, transplanting, pruning, etc.), organic matter, biodynamic

preparations, and the transformation of substances on either side of

nodes and eclipses of the Moon and the planets.

How to use this calendar

The tidal ranges are calculated for the port at Brest. There are

two tides per day, roughly 12.25 hours apart.

These tides are the result of the combined attraction of the

Moon and the Sun in relation to their respective masses and

distances from the Earth. Together, these relationships form a

"synthesis" of solar-lunar influences. These are physical

phenomena, that can be calculated and forecasted. They are

linked to the gravitational pull that influences the movement of

fluids (the seas and oceans) and the plasticity of the earth's

crust that subtly changes form under these influences. The plant

world is also influenced by the tidal gravimetric rhythms of 24.8

hours. The influence of this rhythm creates variations in the

diameter of tree trunks and influences root growth of certain

plants. Studies on the subject have been conducted by E.

Zuercher et al. in 2008, as well as by Barlow and Fisahn in

2012.

To calculate the tidal ranges, the following variables of the Sun

and Moon are taken into account: the straight ascension, the

declination, the parallax, and the distance of the Earth from the

Sun. Although these forces are equal all over Earth, their effect

on the intensity of the tides varies widely depending on the

location.

The highest tidal ranges occur in the spring around and just

after the new Moon. They are less strong at full Moon, (but

often exceed 90), and especially following the full Moon. In

autumn, the reverse is true. The highest tidal ranges occur at full

Moon and just afterwards. This is accentuated at the equinoxes

(high tide periods). The lowest tides follow the FQM and the

LQM.

Biodynamic practice is usually centred on more subtle forces: the

life forces known as etheric; the feeling forces known as astral;

the structuring and individualizing forces, sometimes called "the

I" - "Ich Kraft" in German. We can approach the manifestations

of these "non-physical" forces. We can see their effects, but we

cannot directly perceive them with our ordinary senses. Nor can

they be weighed or measured. They are forces of a spiritual

nature and are not visible. We can perceive the effects of life

activity, we can analyse and calculate gene content, measure the

weight that plants take on during their growth, but "Life" itself

remains elusive.

Who could claim to measure tenderness, friendship, love ...

Information for winemaking

Wine growers and

 

oenologists have been able to observe that

high tidal ranges exceeding 90 “activate” the wine and increase

turbidity.

 

The fermentation process is enhanced and increased

bacterial and yeast activity has been noted.

 

This is the ideal

time to add a fermentation starter ("pieds de cuve”).

 

However,

it is risky for malolactic fermentation to start at this time.

 

One

should avoid adding sulfites, as SO2 is less effective and

combines more easily.

Conversely, during low tidal ranges, lower than 60, the activity of

micro-organisms is very much slowed down.

 

Fermentation is

slower, or inactive. It is not advisable to add a fermentation

starter ("pieds de cuve") at these times.

This time is favorable for sulfur addition as SO2 efficiency on

weak micro-organisms is increased. It is also a good time for

bottling.

How to use the tidal ranges *

High tidal ranges are good for starting fermentation, bottling of

 

"crémants" (sparkling wines), and for adding fermentation

liquors.

 

This period is also good for yeast multiplication.

Low tidal ranges are preferred for filtering, racking, wine

stabilization, and

 

still wine bottling.

For cellar work, one can also bear in mind weather conditions

(high and low atmospheric pressure) and, of course, fruit-days,

flower-days, or root-days.

 

“Gray” days (knots and eclipses)

should be avoided, as well as days that are strongly affected by

the water impulse, particularly the perigee days, and leaf-days.

It may be of additional interest to record the influence of the

tidal ranges on wine tasting.

* Thanks to Jean-Paul Zusslin and Sandrine Boesch for sharing their findings. Note : According to R. Steiner, the tides arise from complex cosmic and etheric phenomena. This has been confirmed by Louis Claude Vincent and Jeanne Rousseau, whose work in bio-electronics shows the influence of daily sun spot cycles.

The times given for the celestial movements are based on the mathematics and astronomy section at the Free University at

the Goetheanum in Dornach *, and the ephemeris provided by l'IMCCE, ** (P. Rocher du Bureau des longitudes). The tidal

ranges have been taken from the 2014 tide table directory from SHOM ***

.

©

SHOM

 

n°199/2014.

Reproduction of tide forecast unverified by the SHOM, and printed under the sole responsibility of the editor.

Times are given in official French time, which is also central European time (CET). From end of March to end of October:

central European summer time (CEST). In France, this means the time as shown on the clock. For other countries, it is

necessary to calculate the time change between local time and central European time (CET = GMT**** + 1 hour in winter,

CEST = GMT + 2 hours in summer).

In Morocco, for example, take off one hour in winter, 2 hours in summer. In the Reunion Islands, add 3 hours in winter and 2

hours in summer. In Madagascar, add 2 hours in winter, 1 hour in summer.

In the UK, take off one hour in summer as well as in winter.

*

Mathematisch-Astronomische Sektion, Goetheanum, CH 4143 Dornach

** IMCCE Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides

*** SHOM Service hydrographique et océanographique de la marine

**** Time according to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

Tidal range

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

JANUARY 2015

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

W

E

E

K

1

The Sun is in Sagittarius at the beginning of the

month and in Capricorn from January 18 to February

14.

The Sun is in Sagittarius at the beginning of the

month and in Capricorn from January 18 to February

14.

The Sun is in Sagittarius at the beginning of the

month and in Capricorn from January 18 to February

14.

SUN IN SAGITTARIUS 1 Moon in Aries ♈ +++ Fruit Taurus ♉ 05 Root Y▵B07

Y▵C13 YXL20 FXK21 2 Root YUN04 3 Root 0UM10 Y▵F13 DM 19 4 Gemini ♊ 00 Flower

0

_p

%00 Y▵N13

W

2

5 Flower Y UM02 YX %04

○

FM

06 6 EPIPHANY Flower Cancer ♋ 06 Leaf *▵L15 *XB17 *XC20 7 Leaf *▵M13 8 Leo ♌ 00 Fruit *

R

K06 *XF18 9 Fruit *XN11 10 Fruit Virgo ♍ 23 Root *▵ %03 *▵017 11 Root

W

3

12 Root *▵B10 *▵C11 *XM15 *U%16 Ascending Moon Node 17 13 Root LQM 11 14 Root Libra ♎ 18 Flower *▵F03 *▵N12 15 Flower 16 Flower Scorpio ♏ 05 Leaf *

R

L13 *UN19 17 Leaf *▵M08 *▵K20 Ascending Mercury Node 06 SUN IN CAPRICORN 18 Leaf Sagittarius ♐ 10 Fruit AM 07

W

4

19 Fruit *UM10 *

_p

%12 CXK15 20 Fruit Capricorn ♑ 11 Root F

_p

N01 Y

R

014

●

NM

14

21

Root Y

R

B17 YXK21 22 Root Aquarius ♒ 07 Flower Y

R

C03 Y

R

N23 23 Flower Y

R

F03 24 Pisces ♓ 00 Leaf Y▵L20 25 Leaf Y

_p

M13 YU %14 Y▵K23 Descending Moon Node 11

W

5

26 Leaf Aries ♈ 16 Fruit 27 Fruit Y▵ %19 FQM 06 28 +++ Fruit Taurus ♉ 11 Root 29 +++ Root YXL06 YUN11 Y▵017 Y▵B21 30 Root 0

R

B15 31 Root Gemini ♊ 06 Flower Y▵C18 Y▵N20 DM 02

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

For controlling pests, the 6th lecture in Rudolf Steiner's "Agriculture Course" provides important information on the period from January 15

to February 15. According to Rudolf Steiner, the winter period is the right time for mental concentration and meditative exercises leading

to a better understanding of disease and crop pests. This opens up new prospects for managing fungal disease, insects and various

pests, and broadens the traditional palette of plant extracts and ashing techniques. Other indications by R. Steiner emphasize the need

for establishing a healthy and well-balanced farm organism, which includes the presence of animals, crop diversity, companion plants,

landscape management, etc. He also stresses the importance of creating new plant varieties that are better suited to local conditions and

even the development of new plant crop species.

Pg

21h

*****

Ag

19h

*****

Mercury Venus Sun Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

1st to 3rd

Sagittarius Sagittarius1st to 2nd 1st to 17th Sagittarius 1st to 7th Capricorn

Leo Scorpio Pisces Aquarius Sagittarius from 4th to 31st

Capricorn 3rd to 24th Capricorn 18th to 31st Capricorn 8th to 31st Aquarius

Leo Scorpio Pisces Aquarius Sagittarius

Retrograde from

21st 25th to 31st Aquarius Retrograde Moon opposition Saturn 06h

06 - Mercury Node 06h - 18 11 - - 23

Planet visibility Evening : Mercury (4th to 24th) Venus, Mars - All night: Jupiter - Morning : Saturn

05 - - 17

Moon opp. Saturn 20h

21 - 03

09 - 15

JANUARY 2015 NOTES Coef_M T 1 ♈/♉05 Moon in Aries from 10h 12/30/2014 Moon opposition Saturn 20h SUN IN SAGITTARIUS 59₆₂

F 2 65₆₉

S 3 Descending Moon (planting time) 19h 73₇₆

S 4 ♊00 79₈₁ M 5

◯

FM 06h 83₈₄ T 6 ♋06 EPIPHANY 85₈₅ W 7 84₈₃ T 8 ♌00 81₇₉ F 9 Apogee (Ag) 19h 76₇₃ S 10 ♍23 70₆₆ S 11 62₅₇

M 12 Ascending Moon Node 17h 53₄₉ T 13 LQM 11h 45₄₂ W 14 ♎18 40₃₉

T 15 40

-F 16 ♏05 42₄₇

S 17 Ascending Mercury Node 06h 52₅₉

S 18 ♐10 Ascending Moon (lunar spring) 07h SUN IN CAPRICORN 66₇₃ M 19

80₈₇ T 20 ♑11

●

NM 14h 93₉₈ W 21 Perigee (Pg) 21h 103₁₀₆ T 22 ♒07 109₁₀₉ F 23 109₁₀₇ S 24♓00 104₉₉

S 25 Descending Moon Node 11h 93₈₇

M 26 ♈16 79₇₂

T 27 FQM 06h 65₅₈

W 28 ♉11 52₄₉

T 29 Moon Opposition Saturn 06h 47

-F 30 48₅₀