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Academic Year 2013/2014 Warsaw University of Technology

Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE THESIS

Michał Kurek

Małgorzata Purwin

Automatic Testing of Web Services Based on WSDL

Document

Supervisor dr inż.Ilona Bluemke

Evaluation: ...

... Signature of the Head

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2 Electrical and Computer Engineering

Date of Birth: 1990.08.24

Starting Date of Studies: 2010.02.22

Curriculum Vitae

I was born in Warsaw on 24 August. In 2006 I started studying at XV LO im. Narcyzy Żmichowskiej in Warsaw at class with extended curriculum in mathematics, geography and English. I got my high school certificate in 2009. I applied successfully to Warsaw University of Technology to faculty of Electronics and Information Technology. I began my studies at summer 2010. During my studies, I choose the specialization of Computer Systems and Networks in Institute of Computer Science.

... Signature of the Student

Bachelor of Science Examination

Examination was held on: ... 2014 With the result: ... Final Result of the Studies: ... Suggestions and Remarks of the B.Sc. Examination Committee: ... ... ...

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3 Electrical and Computer Engineering

Date of Birth: 1990.08.24

Starting Date of Studies: 2010.10.22

Curriculum Vitae

I was born on 24 August 1990 in Warsaw. In 2006, I started studying at XLVII LO im. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego in Warsaw at class with extended curriculum in mathematics, physics and computer science. I got my high school-leaving certificate in 2009. I applied to Warsaw University of Technology to faculty of Electronics and Information Technology and I was accepted. I began my studies at summer 2010. During my studies, I choose the specialization of Computer Systems and Networks in Institute of Computer Science.

... Signature of the Student

Bachelor of Science Examination

Examination was held on: ... 2014 With the result: ... Final Result of the Studies: ... Suggestions and Remarks of the B.Sc. Examination Committee: ... ... ...

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4

SUMMARY

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the possibility and methods of testing web services based on a WSDL document. An application, named WSDLTest, has been designed and implemented. This application can test web services for which WSDL 1.1 or WSDL 2.0 document are available. WSDLTest parses the WSDL document, and based on, it tests the web service by sending automatically generated messages.

The short description of the WSDL standard is given. Available on the market tools using WSDL documents as a basis for testing are briefly presented. The functional and nonfunctional requirements of WSDLTest application are described. The architecture and implementation of the WSDLTest application are presented. Several examples of the usage of WSDLTest in testing web services are given.

Keywords: web services, WSDL, SOAP, testing, automatic testing

AUTOMATYCZNE TESTOWANIE SERWISÓW WEBOWYCH NA

PODSTAWIE DOKUMENTU WSDL

Celem pracy było zbadanie możliwości i metod testowania serwisów webowych na podstawie dokumentu WSDL. Została zaprojektowana i wykonana aplikacja WSDLTest. Aplikacja ta może testować serwisy webowe, dla których jest dostępny dokument WSDL 1.1 albo WSDL 2.0. WSDLTest analizuje i sprawdza poprawność dokumentu WSDL i na jego podstawie testuje serwis webowy wysyłając automatycznie wygenerowane wiadomości.

Praca zawiera krótki opis standardu WSDL. Przedstawiono także podobne oprogramowanie dostępne na rynku. Opisano funkcjonalne i niefunkcjonalne wymagania, architekturę i implementacje WSDLTest. Pokazano także przykłady użycia WSDLTest w testowaniu serwisów webowych.

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5

Table of Contents

1

Introduction ... 7

2

Web services ... 8

2.1

WSDL ... 9

2.1.1

Introduction ... 10

2.1.2

Basic information ... 11

2.1.3

Structure ... 12

2.2

Usage of WSDL in testing ... 16

2.3

Testing tools ... 17

2.3.1

HP QuickTest Professional ... 17

2.3.2

Parasoft SOAtest ... 18

2.3.3

SOAPSonar ... 20

2.3.4

SoapUI ... 21

3

Web service testing tool “WSDLTest” ... 23

3.1

Requirements of WSDLTest ... 23

3.1.1

Functional requirements ... 24

3.1.2

User interfaces requirements ... 29

3.1.3

Non functional requirements ... 30

3.2

Design ... 31

3.2.1

System overview ... 31

3.2.2

Assumptions ... 32

3.2.3

Review of existing WSDL parsers... 34

3.2.4

System architecture ... 37

3.2.5

Policies and tactics ... 42

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6

3.3

Tests ... 47

3.3.1

Currency Converter ... 47

3.3.2

E-mail Validate ... 52

3.3.3

Validate Card Number ... 56

3.3.1

dohwebservice ... 60

4

Examples ... 63

5

Conclusion ... 67

6

References ... 68

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7

1

Introduction

Nowadays web services are very important in providing software in the World Wide Web. Web service is an application, which is available over the Internet, and is delivered not as a full product but as a service only. Service oriented architecture of web services makes them an alternative to traditional software model: they are cheaper and theirs time to market is minimized. Web services were designed to support interoperability between different virtual or physical machines. Web services can communicate via SOAP [1] messages. This allows them to communicate with any application, written in any language or designed for any platform, which can understand SOAP. Like all software, such an application should be tested before it is delivered to the user. Web service can be described by a Web Service Description Language [2] document. WSDL was established as a standard by the W3C [3]. The WSDL document describes web service in terms of its interfaces with operations, types of data the web service takes or returns. WSDL does not provide description of internal operation of web service. Nevertheless, such a document can be the basis for testing the web services.

The main goal of this thesis was to develop software, which can be used for testing web services based on WSDL document. The program, later called WSDLTest, uses WSDL document to get information about the web service. WSDLTest can send SOAP messages and receive responses. The GUI and SOAPClient were implemented by Michał Kurek. Testing algorithm was written by Małgorzata Purwin. The remaining functionalities of this application were co-written.

The second chapter, written by Małgorzata Purwin (excluding section “Usage of WSDL in testing”), starts with the detailed description and definition of what Web Service Description Language actually is. Next, the possibilities of the usage of WSDL in testing of web service are described by Michał Kurek. In next section, Małgorzata Purwin presents some examples of testing tools, available on the market, that are testing web services based on WSDL document.

The third chapter was written (except section 3.3) by Michał Kurek, and begins with a listing of functional requirements of WSDLTest, followed by non-functional requirements and the specification of user interfaces. The next section – design presents the high and low level architecture of WSDLTest. In section 3.3 of the third chapter, prepared by Małgorzata Purwin, several test cases are presented. They show different aspects of WSDL functionalities.

In the last chapter, examples of how to use the WSDLTest are presented, including use case and sequence diagram. This chapter, written by Małgorzata Purwin, shows how the WSDLTest user can successfully use application in different scenarios.

The introduction and conclusion where co-written by Michał Kurek and Małgorzata Purwin. In conclusion, advantages and disadvantages of WSDLTest are discussed, also some modifications, which can be introduced in future, are indicated.

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2

Web services

A web service is an application available over the Internet. Web services use XML based messaging system; therefore, they are platform independent, which makes them highly interoperable. Such a property allows various software written in different languages to communicate (e.g. Windows applications can communicate with UNIX ones or Java written applications can communicate with C++ ones).

The W3C [4] (World Wide Web Consortium – international organization which is responsible for developing standards for Word Wide Web) defines web service as “a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Other systems interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards.” [5] .

Web service fulfills three tasks:

1. Service provider – is responsible for the availability over Internet and the implementation of the service.

2. Service requestor – is responsible for the utilization of web service and sending XML-based requests.

3. Service registry – is logically centralized directory of services.

Web Service Protocol Stack is a set of protocols that are used to implement web service. Web Service Protocol consists of four layers:

1. Service transport – is responsible for transport of exchanged messages and contains Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [6], Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) [7], File Transfer Protocol (FTP) [8] and Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP) [9].

2. XML messaging – is responsible for encoding XML-based messages. It contains SOAP [1] and XML-RPC [10]. Detailed description of SOAP and XML is given in section 2.1.1.

3. Service description – describes the public interface of a web service. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) [11] document contains such description and is presented in section 2.1.1.

4. Service discovery – is responsible for providing service discovery and is realized via UDDI [12] (described in section 2.1.1).

Web services are loosely coupled, which means that each of its components has little knowledge of all the other components. When there are any changes in client interface of the web service, there is no need to change server interface of the web service. In other words: changes in interface of web service does not stop client from interacting with web service.

Web services are coarse-grained systems, which imply that they consist of small number of large components. Web service can have both synchronous and asynchronous

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9 connection between client and execution. The asynchronous operations, when invoked, do not block the client while service is completing its operation. The client will receive result from asynchronous operations later than from synchronous operations. Web services asynchronous capabilities are necessary to have loosely coupled systems.

Web services support the Remote Procedure Calls [13]. RPC is a mechanism in which there are two parts: the caller (client) and server. The client is managing the call and is waiting for a response. The most important feature of RPC is the possibility that these processes can be located on different physical or virtual machines.

Web service is composed of four components: 1. XML-RPC – protocol to perform RPC [13], 2. SOAP,

3. WSDL, 4. UDDI.

Fig. 1 shows detailed structure of web service, with its components and their roles.

Fig. 1 – Web Service schema

2.1

WSDL

Below three out of four layers of Web Service Protocol Stack are described i.e.: XML, UDDI, SOAP and at end WSDL. These protocols are necessary to implement, use and test web service.

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2.1.1 Introduction

Extensible Markup Language – XML

XML [14] is self-descriptive markup language designed to carry and store data. In many ways, XML is similar to Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) [15]. However, there are two significant differences:

1. XML was designed to transport data with emphasis on their contents while HTML displays data with emphasis on the way they look.

2. In HTML, all tags are predefined such as: <title>, <body>, on the contrary, while using XML user creates his own tags (there are no predefined tags) e.g.:

<address>, <name>. HTML and XML complement each other.

XML`s single purpose is to store and transport information, it cannot do anything else. With appropriate software, XML documents can be sent, received and displayed. Currently XML is the most common way to transport data between different types of applications and for World Wide Web is as important as HTML. It became W3C [16] recommendation in 1998. XML was designed to be readable both by human and by computer. Following Code Snippet 1 presents an example of XML schema, which stores personal data about a client.

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 2 <client clientid="889923" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="client.xsd"> 5 <clientname>JK</clientname> 6 <address> 7 <name>Jan Kowalski</name> 8 <street>Warszawska 1222</street> 9 <city>00-000 Warsaw</city> 10 <country>Poland</country> 11 </address> 12 </client>

Code Snippet 1 – XML schema example

Universal Description, Discovery and Integration – UDDI

UDDI [12] is a XML-based protocol that defines a method for publishing software components of Web services. UDDI registry catalogues and classifies Web services; it can be compared to phone book. In UDDI, user can find data and metadata about Web services such as WSDL description. UDDI is widely used in business for discovery of already existing solutions.

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11 Simple Object Access Protocol – SOAP

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) [1] is communication protocol used to access Web Services. As an XML based protocol, SOAP is platform and language independent. It provides the communication between applications running on different operating systems and applications written in different programming languages as long as application can formulate SOAP message.

Any transport protocol can be in use to deliver SOAP messages, but the most popular is HTTP. SOAP can be used to send one-way messages, but it is very useful in case of Remote Procedure Call (RPC [13]) which is a concept of communication between programs located in different address spaces (different computers). SOAP is a recommendation of W3C [16]. Example of SOAP message, which shows how it is divided into sections, is given in the following Code Snippet 2.

1 <?xml version="1.0"?> 2 <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope" 3 soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding"> 4 <soap:Header> 5 ... 6 </soap:Header> 7 <soap:Body> 8 ... 9 <soap:Fault> 10 ... 11 </soap:Fault> 12 </soap:Body>

Code Snippet 2 – SOAP Message example

2.1.2 Basic information

WSDL [11] is an acronym created from Web Services Description Language, and corresponds to abstract, XML-based language, which specifies location and functionalities offered by web service. A computer can understand such description, which provides information about web service, for example what kind of parameters it expects, what kind of data it returns.

XML schema is used for presentation of WSDL description, which consists of messages that web service sends and receives. To communicate with web service SOAP messages are exchanged and are described by WSDL as operations, which can be used for testing. WSDL describes transport format for interfaces, it can also describe interactivity of given service. WSDL description only shows possibilities but not required interactions. Such a design of descriptive language allows testing web service through and through.

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12 The newest version of WSDL is 2.0, which is recommended by W3C [16], however WSDL 1.1 is still quite common and in some software only this version is supported. Initially version 2.0 had number 1.2 but because of very significant changes and improvements that were introduced in WSDL 2.0 the number of version changed. Fig. 2 illustrates crucial differences between both versions. Sections <messages> and <portType> were combined to create new section <interface>. Semantic in WSDL 2.0 is more extent than in version 1.1.

Fig. 2 – Difference between WSDL 1.1 and WSDL 2.0 2.1.3 Structure

WSDL 2.0 is divided into several sections:

 “description” section is a container, inside of which the remaining sections are located,

 “types” element describes the data types send and received by a web service,

 “interface” section describes the abstract functionality the web service provides (what messages it sends and receives, possible fault messages),

 “binding” provides information how to access the service,

 “service” provides information where to access the service. There are also two optional sections in WSDL document:

 “documentation” provides human-readable description of a web service,

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13 The structure of WSDL document is presented in the following Code Snippet 3. Within the order of defining individual components is shown.

1 <description> 2 <types>

3 In this section data types are presented 4 </types>

5

6 <interface>

7 Here are presented definitions of operations 8 </interface>

9

10 <binding>

11 This section binds web service and message protocol 12 </binding>

13

14 <service>

15 This section provides endpoints for bindings 16 </service>

17 </description>

Code Snippet 3 – Frame of WSDL document

In further sections the detailed description of each of obligatory section of WSDL is given.

DESCRIPTION

Tag “description” contains all other tag sections and is used for declaring namespaces. Element targetNamespace, presented inside the Code Snippet 4, should contain link to WSDL document describing the service. The default value in xmlns (as shown in line 2 of the Code Snippet 4) is a standard for WSDL files.

1 <description 2 xmlns=" http://www.w3.org/ns/wsdl" 3 targetNamespace= "..." 4 xmlns:tns= "..." 5 xmlns:stns= "..." 6 xmlns:wsoap= "..." 7 xmlns:soap= "..." 8 xmlns:wsdlx= "...">

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14 TYPES

The “types” section contains data types that the web service uses (example given in Code Snippet 5). Types, to be declared, have to be supported by web service API. Each operation can have its own input type (request) [line 6], output type (response) [line 15] and fault (error) [line 17]. The types defined in “types” can be a simple type such as string

[line 9] or int [line 10]. Complex type such as response can consist of many elements, which can be build-in data types (from XML schema [17]). Complex and simple data types are presented in Code Snippet 5.

1 <types>

2 <xs:schema xmlns:xs=... 3 targetNamespace=... 4 xmlns:tns=...>

5

6 <xs:element name="request" type="request"> 7 <xs:complexType name="request">

8 <xs:sequence>

9 <xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string"/> 10 <xs:element name="Age" type="xs:int"/>

11 </xs:sequence>

12 </xs:complexType> 13 </xs:element>

14

15 <xs:element name="response" type="xs:string"/> 16

17 <xs:element name="error" type="xs:string"/> 18

19 </xs:schema> 20 </types>

Code Snippet 5 – Overview of “types” section

INTERFACE

The “interface” section is a set of operations representing the interaction between the user and the web service. Each of these operations specifies the sequence of messages exchange that service sends or receives and the type of a given message. Operations are similar to methods or functions in programming languages.

1 <interface name = "Iname" > 2

3 <fault name = "error" element = "stns:error"/> 4

5 <operation name="example"

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7 style="http://www.w3.org/ns/wsdl/style/iri" 8 wsdlx:safe = "true">

9

10 <input messageLabel="in" element="stns:request" /> 11 <output messageLabel="out" element="stns:response" /> 12 <outfault messageLabel="out" ref ="tns:error" /> 13

14 </operation> 15 </interface>

Code Snippet 6 – Overview of “interface” section

Code Snippet 6 presents example of operation named example [line 5]. This element has inside parameters: input parameter (input) [line 10] return value (output) [line 11] and error – which can be referenced to global fault. Error definition that can be used by many operations is defined in <fault name> tag [line 3]. It will be returned to user when en error occurs.

WSDL defines four types of operations:

 One-way – operation can receive a message,

 Request-response – operation can receive a request and will return a response,

 Solicit-response– operation can send a request and will wait for a response,

 Notification – operation can send a message.

BINDING

The “binding” section is responsible for access to the web service; it describes protocol, which may be used. This is a way to bind web service with protocol. If there is defined binding for given interface, then bindings for all operations from that interface must be defined. Code Snippet 7 presents, in element wsoap:protocol [line 4], binding of SOAP protocol to previously defined (Code Snippet 6 [line 5]) operation “example” [lines 8, 9].

1 <binding name="Bname"

2 interface="tns:Iname"

3 type="http://www.w3.org/ns/wsdl/soap"

4 wsoap:protocol="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/bindings/HTTP/"> 5

6 <fault ref="tns:error" wsoap:code="soap:Sender"/> 7

8 <operation ref="tns:example"

9 wsoap:mep="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap/mep/soap-response"/> 10

11 </binding>

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16 SERVICE

The “service” section contains a set of endpoints at which service is provided. The endpoints are places at which the service is provided. Code Snippet 8 presents declaration of endpoint named Ename [line 5] for binding Bname [line 6] (declared in Code Snippet 7 [line 1]).

1 <service

2 name="Sname"

3 interface="tns:Iname"> 4

5 <endpoint name ="Ename" 6 binding ="tns:Bname" 7 address ="http://..."/> 8

9 </service>

Code Snippet 8 – Overview of “service” section

2.2

Usage of WSDL in testing

WSDL document is a description of functionalities provided by web service. Inside this document, all “methods” and data types can be found. It is divided into several sections directly connected with each other. The section “types” contain data types, which are input and output parameters for operations. Operations are described in “interface” section. For each interface, there is a binding with message protocol. The “binding” section of WSDL document provides knowledge about protocols bonded to given interface. All interfaces using SOAP protocol should be found. “Service” sections provide information where to find endpoint for each binding. All those sections allow to determine input and output, as well as how and where to access the web service. Nonetheless, there is no information about what exactly web service do produce output from input. To use effectively WSDL inside testing software, following elements are needed:

 WSDL Parser – tool, which allows reading WSDL document and extracting information. Several parsers are available over the internet; they are described in section 3.2.3.

 Oracle – mechanism, which allows determining if the results of the test are correct. Such oracle must be provided by user. By comparing results with user provided expected results it is possible to determine if web service fulfills its function.

 SOAP messages generator - Inside each of the interfaces there are listed available operations with input and output parameters. In order to communicate with web service SOAP messages must be generated based on WSDL document.

The process of testing based on WSDL document includes several steps. First step is to parse WSDL document into addressable memory objects. Information from parsing can be

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17 used to generate SOAP requests. Such message may be filled by either random parameters based on data type taken from WSDL document or filled by provided content. Such approach to web service testing is applicable only when communication is dual – request and response from web service. When SOAP request is send, after a while web service should send back response with results of its operation. These results may be later compared with oracle to determine if web service is working properly.

2.3

Testing tools

There are several testing tools available on the market, which are still being maintained or developed. The most recognizable are:

1. HP QuickTest Professional, 2. Parasoft SOAtest,

3. SOAPSonar, 4. SoapUI.

All above-mentioned tools are described below. Some of them offer option of validation of WSDL document provided by WS-I [18]. The OASIS Web Services Interoperability (WS-I - http://www.oasis-ws-i.org) is an industry consortium, which defined set of rules showing how standards should be used. It provides testing tools for use by the community to help in developing and deploying interoperable Web services.

2.3.1 HP QuickTest Professional

Publisher: Hewlett-Packard [19]

Publisher web site: http://www.hp.com/

HP QuickTest Professional tool is an automation testing software suite. It uses both 1.1 and 2.0 version of WSDL. The application performs automated tests on a variety of software and in many environments. It has graphical user interface, which allows performing regression and functional testing.

Main testing algorithm identifies objects to be tested in the applications interface and performs testing interface operations. Important functionality of HP QuickTest Professional is ability to perform validation of WSDL using the WS-I [18] tool. Application allows easy modification, insertion, and removal of test parts like presented on Screenshot 1.

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18

Screenshot 1 – Test steps records editor page in HP QuickTest Professional

HP QuickTest Professional has a Web Service Testing Wizard Click that allows defining variety of options e.g. create a checkpoint or select some actions. Everything defined inside the wizard is later converted and inserted into the test. QTP has functions allowing the customization of reports with user-defined images and screenshots. Client performance-related errors (e.g. memory leakage) can be included in the standard reports with a direct link from the report to the test script. HP QuickTest Professional automates the design of tests and test cases. It is quite complex and powerful tool.

2.3.2 Parasoft SOAtest

Publisher: Parasoft [20]

Publisher web site: http://www.parasoft.com/

SOAtest is used for testing of applications build in Service-oriented Architecture. It can automate application testing, message/protocol testing, cloud testing and security testing. Its graphical user interface is Eclipse based (uses the same GUI library). It allows creating tests, defining the behavior of the tests and configuring specific tests (e.g. queue managers or database connections).

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19 SOAtest primary function is to test Web services. It automatically generates tests from key market platforms such as WSDL, WADL, UDDI, WSIL, XML, Schema, BPEL, HTTP traffic and other. SOAtest can validate WSDL documents and emulate the client or the server. Tests can be grouped together, to be executed in a sequence, which allows for construction of more complex testing scenarios. Failed tests are distinctively highlighted in the generated results. Parameters for the requests can be entered by the user or can be read from a file. Example of test screen of SOAtest is presented on Screenshot 2.

Screenshot 2 – SOAtest testing environment

SOAtest can trace and visualize how messages and events flow through ESBs (Enterprise service bus) [21], message brokers, applications and databases, while tests are executed. Such tracing allows interpreting problems directly from test environment. It is possible to validate or start regression control at any point of testing.

SOAtest provides regression tests and functional tests. They will cause an alert when modifications influence application behavior. Functional tests use load testing for performance monitoring. Security penetration tests are performed at the message layer. SOAtest is proficient software to perform web services testing.

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2.3.3 SOAPSonar

Publisher: Crosscheck [22]

Publisher web site: http://www.crosschecknet.com/

SOAPSonar is a testing and analysis tool specifically designed for Web Services. It can perform functional regression tests, performance tests; generate compliance reports, vulnerability checks and identity tests. It has clear graphical user interface. Tests are created via drag and drop selection. Application has WSDL Region WS-I validation [18]. It accepts both WSDL 1.1 and 2.0 documents. The professional edition of SOAPSonar has test flow management options and can create WSDL requests - response chain or data driven test for the exchange of messages. The navigation of WSDL operations and SOAP request/response panes are presented on Screenshot 3.

Screenshot 3 – Navigation within WSDL document in SOAPSonar

All versions of SOAPSonar use as test inputs and response analysis data from e.g. database tables or Microsoft®Excel files. Application can automatically change variables in message headers, message body, tasks and can change global variables and automation variables. SOAPSonar has vulnerability mode, which allows associating each test request with a set of attack. Examining responses helps to find any existing vulnerabilities and leakage of information. It can parse the WSDL documents and generate a list of the operations available on interface described by it. It can be used to send SOAP request messages to the target Web service and capture the responses.

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2.3.4 SoapUI

Publisher: Smart-Bear [23]

Publisher web site: http://www.soapui.org/

SoapUI is an open source web service testing application for service-oriented architectures. It provides complete test coverage and supports all the standard protocols and technologies. SoapUI has clear and easy to use graphical user interface, which allows for quick creation of any test scenarios. It requires WSDL files to generate tests, messages, validations and MockServices. SoapUI supports only 1.1 version of WSDL. SoapUI can easily create functional, regression, compliance, and load tests. SoapUI provides code free test environment, all tests are created by drag and drop actions. View of functional test created from a request in WSDL is presented below (Screenshot 4).

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22 SoapUI Pro Test Debugging is an option, which allows following the flow of test, variables, properties requests and context. Data for data-driven tests can be provided from external editors such as Microsoft ® Excel.

SoapUI MockServices is a feature, which allows mimicking Web Services before they are implemented. It eliminates the expense of building web service. MockServices can simulate any desired behavior of web service. No matter how complex, the service responses can be completely configured. SoapUI uses WS-I profile [18] for 1.1 version of WSDL. It can validate WSDL from pop-up menu or WS-I Compliance tab in the WSDL Service window.

SoapUI allows the code generation from a WSDL, in order to have easy comparison between different frameworks (e.g. .NET framework [24]). SoapUI is open source software with a feature, which eliminates code from test designing process and simulates behavior of web services. Unfortunately, it provides support only for WSDL 1.1.

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23

3

Web service testing tool “WSDLTest”

In the section below, the detailed requirements of WSDLTest project are presented, as well as better overview of the project. Moreover, section includes written project specification, design and testing final application, use cases and final summary focusing on realization of the project.

3.1

Requirements of WSDLTest

The result of this project should present full and functional version of WSDLTest tool. In specific application should fulfill following conditions to be:

1. WSDLTest allows the testing of web services with the usage of WSDL document attached to web services.

2. WSDL document is downloaded to WSDLTest where is it parsed.

3. User Interface presents the general information regarding web service and its operations described in WSDL document.

4. User can choose, which operations should be tested and in what specific way. 5. User can modify testing parameters and provide custom data set for testing. 6. WSDLTest should perform tests and write the tests results into file or present

results in the user interface.

The WSDLTest shall support testing of web services based on web service description language (WSDL). User interface consists of two vertical and separate box panes.

The Right pane of user interface (marked with number 2) should present two tab components: info tab containing information about web service and WSDL viewer tab showing WSDL document in interactive tree diagram view. On the left half there should be input field filled with URL address of WSDL document describing specific web service. WSDLTest should download and parse such document, when user presses apply button. The bottom pane (marked as 3) includes textual output of log file, which consists of log entries informing about various application actions like currently performed action, current process undergoing, warning or severe error.

The content of center part of the left (marked as 2) pane should depend on test process stage; it allows user to choose operations to be tested, provide custom parameters for each operation and present final test results both preview and summary.

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24 WSDLTest Info WSDL Viewer

WSDL Viewer

Service address Apply

LOGGER output

Accordion:

- Choosing operation

- Providing parametrs

- Results

1

2

3

Fig. 3 – Graphical User Interface – main parts 3.1.1 Functional requirements

Functional requirements in this section are graded by their criticality in scale 1 to 5 where:

1. present very low criticality and item that can be removed without any visible lose of functionality.

2. indicates low criticality when functionality is an extra item and may be possibly removed.

3. present medium criticality when item is strongly needed in application.

4. stands for high criticality for item, which is required in application for lower criticalities to function.

5. present very high criticality for items that are mission critical and application would not function without them.

Each requirement described below contains textual description, criticality level, technical issues with pre and post conditions, list of risks if functionality is not provided and numbers of other requirements that functionality depends on.

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25 1. Application should be able to read the WSDL document.

a. Description

With proper coding done, application can read WSDL document from remote internet location, which address is provided by user.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: User provided valid remote location of WSDL.

Precondition: Access to internet connection for non-local documents. Postcondition: WSDL document properly accessed and read by application. d. Risks

Application fail to read WSDL document. e. Dependencies with other requirements 4 2. Application should be able to parse WSDL document.

a. Description

With properly accessed and read document application can parse WSDL document for further processing.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: WSDL document read by application.

Postcondition: Information parsed from WSDL document accessible within application.

d. Risks

Cannot access information parsed. Parsing process has failed.

e. Dependencies with other requirements 1

3. The application shall be able to display graphical user interface (GUI). a. Description

After proper coding application should display GUI of WSDLTest. b. Criticality 5

c. Technical Issues

Postcondition: Application should properly display GUI. d. Risks

GUI is displayed improperly or not at all. e. Dependencies with other requirements

-

4. Application should allow the user to input WSDL address in GUI. a. Description

With properly working GUI window there should be text input field, which accepts URL address of WSDL document describing web service to be tested. b. Criticality 5

c. Technical Issues

Precondition: GUI window is properly displayed.

Postcondition: User inserted WSDL address without errors. d. Risks

Input field is not enabled or does not save inserted data. e. Dependencies with other requirements 3

5. Application should be able to establish SOAP connection. a. Description

Application can establish the SOAP connection over the HTTP protocol. b. Criticality 5

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26 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Web service accepts SOAP over HTTP connections.

Precondition: Access to the internet connection for non-local web services. Postcondition: Application is ready to deliver SOAP message over established connection.

d. Risks

Connection could not be established. e. Dependencies with other requirements 2

6. Application should be able to send SOAP message. a. Description

Application can send well-defined SOAP message template with provided field values over previously established SOAP connection.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Established SOAP connection.

Precondition: Well defined SOAP message template.

Postcondition: SOAP message is send and application is ready to accept the response message.

d. Risks

Message does not reach target web service. Message is rejected by web service.

e. Dependencies with other requirements 2, 5

7. Application should be able to generate SOAP message template. a. Description

Based on information parsed from WSDL document application is able to generate SOAP message with empty value fields.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: WSDL document parsed.

Postcondition: Properly generated SOAP message template. d. Risks

Message template is not generated.

e. Dependencies with other requirements 2

8. Application should be able to send set of SOAP messages. a. Description

Based on parameter set provided by user and SOAP message template application can send volume of SOAP messages filled with different parameter values.

b. Criticality 5

c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Ability to send SOAP messages. Postcondition: Successfully send all SOAP messages. d. Risks

One or more messages do not reach target web service. One or more messages are rejected by web service. e. Dependencies with other requirements 6, 8, 10 9. Application allow user to input parameter set in GUI.

a. Description

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27 SOAP message template to generate SOAP message to be sent during the test phase.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: GUI window has been properly displayed. Postcondition: Parameters are correctly read from user input. d. Risks

Parameters are not read properly or input field is not enabled. e. Dependencies with other requirements

3

10.Application should be able to display logger messages in GUI. a. Description

After being properly coded application can display in GUI logger messages generated by various events in application.

b. Criticality 4 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: GUI window has been properly displayed. Postcondition: Logger messages are properly displayed. d. Risks

Text area in GUI does not display logger messages correctly. e. Dependencies with other requirements 3

11.Application should allow user to set logger display level in GUI. a. Description

After being properly coded user can choose the minimal level of logger messages to be displayed.

b. Criticality 2 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: GUI window has been properly displayed. Precondition: Logger text area in GUI is displayed.

Postcondition: Logger messages from minimal level and higher are properly displayed.

d. Risks

Text area in GUI does not display logger messages correctly. e. Dependencies with other requirements 3, 11

12.Application should be able to save logger messages to local file system. a. Description

After being properly coded application can save all messages from logger to a file on local system. Moreover, old log files should not be overwritten but renamed and saved.

b. Criticality 3 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Properly coded logger messages.

Postcondition: Logger messages are captured and saved in local system file. d. Risks

Log file is not created or logger messages are not captured properly. e. Dependencies with other requirements -

13.Application should be able to save test results to local file system. a. Description

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28 system. Moreover, old tests result files should not be overwritten but renamed and saved.

b. Criticality 3 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Test process completed successfully.

Postcondition: Test results are captured and saved in local system file. d. Risks

Test file with results is not created or test results are not captured properly. e. Dependencies with other requirements -

14.Application should be able receive SOAP message. a. Description

After sending correct SOAP message request to tested web service application should be able to receive SOAP message response.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Properly send SOAP message request. Postcondition: SOAP message has been received properly. d. Risks

SOAP message has not been receive or SOAP connection is disrupted. e. Dependencies with other requirements 9

15.Application should allow user to input regular expression as parameter in GUI. a. Description

User can insert in GUI into text input fields regular expression, on which base application will generate parameters, which will match this regular expression and fill SOAP message template to generate SOAP message to be sent during the test phase.

b. Criticality 3 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: GUI window has been properly displayed.

Postcondition: Regular expression is correctly read from user input. Postcondition: Parameters are correctly generated.

d. Risks

Regular expression is not read properly. Input field is not enabled.

Generated parameters do not match given regular expression. e. Dependencies with other requirements 3

16.Application should be able to generate automatically random parameters. a. Description

Application can generate random parameters for tested web service operations that match their data type.

b. Criticality 3 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: WSDL document has been parsed properly. Postcondition: Generated parameters have proper data type. d. Risks

Generated parameters do not match needed data type. e. Dependencies with other requirements 2

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29 17.Application should be able to test web service based on mode chosen by user in

GUI.

a. Description

Application can perform full set of test in one of available modes: automatic, semi-automatic and manual, which is chosen by user in GUI.

b. Criticality 5 c. Technical Issues

Precondition: WSDL document has been parsed properly. Precondition: Parameters were generated properly.

Postcondition: Results are printed in GUI. Postcondition: Results are saved to file. d. Risks

Current testing process is terminated.

e. Dependencies with other requirements 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,14,15,16 18.Application should be able to create oracle based on user input in GUI.

a. Description

Application can create oracle from data provided by user in GUI. b. Criticality

3

c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Application started testing web service. Postcondition: Results are printed in GUI.

Postcondition: Results are saved to file. d. Risks

Oracle is not created.

Dependencies with other requirements 17

19.Application should allow user to choose predefined testing mode in GUI. a. Description

Application should allow user to choose one of predefined testing modes using GUI component.

b. Criticality 3

c. Technical Issues

Precondition: Web service testing has been started.

Postcondition: Chosen mode has been initialized properly. d. Risks

Chosen mode has not been initialized. e. Dependencies with other requirements 17

3.1.2 User interfaces requirements

Graphical user interface

WSDLTest should be GUI type application with event-based architecture with strong aspect of user interaction with interface. User should be able to perform full process of web service testing based on WSDL document, therefore all steps of such process should be visibly divided and presented in GUI. Logger messages should be clearly visible to indicate that application is working and what operation is currently performed.

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30

3.1.3 Non functional requirements

Non-functional requirements of WSDLTest are as follows: Communication interfaces requirements

User of WSDLTest needs active internet connection for non local area network web services.

Software interfaces requirements

User need up-to-date Java Runtime Environment (JRE) [25] version 6 or higher installed. Optionally application can be run thru web browser with Java web plug-in or Java Web Start.

Performance requirements

Application should response to interface interactions instantly. All operations that are not instant should be indicated visually within user interface.

Security

Security of WSDLTest depends on interaction with external WSDL document, which is unknown before reading and therefore is potential security risk. Security is to be ensured by EasyWSDL Toolbox library, which during parsing looks for non-W3C compliant elements in target document. Application should not store any secret or vulnerable data therefore extra security would not be required.

Binary Compatibility

Since Java applications run on Java Virtual Machine and not on native operating system itself then WSDLTest shall be compatible with all operating systems that can run Java Runtime Environment.

Maintainability

Application should be both adaptively and correctively maintainable, which means that the problems can be easily corrected. Modifications should be easily applied to keep application usable in a long term. With documentation provided modification and adding new source code by programmer should not be a challenge.

Portability

WSDLTest uses Java Runtime Environment and is both system and processor portable, which means that the same code can be run without changes on different platforms supporting JRE.

Extensibility

WSDLTest implementation should allow further modification without major changes in existing functionality.

Reusability

Applications functions should be implemented in a modular way so it will be easy to reuse.

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31 Compatibility

WSDLTest generally should not interfere with other software working on the system. Application may be incompatible with JRE incompatible software.

Resource Utilization

Application should not utilize more than minimal requirements for Java Runtime Environment requirements [26] for graphical based application.

Serviceability

WSDLTest should implement serviceability by logging all possible application events (for ex.: error and warning messages) and allow software upgrade.

3.2

Design

In this section, the implementation of WSDLTest is presented including the architecture of application and sub-architecture of associated interfaces.

3.2.1 System overview

Core

Parser (EasyWSDL) HTTP WSDL document

GUI (Apache Pivot) Web Serivce

SOAP over HTTP

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32 In the Fig. 4 the high-level structure of WSDLTest is presented. External connections and internal interfaces are also shown. The frame at the top of figure, which consists of WSDL document and web service itself, represents remote location that is accessed in different manner by WSDLTest application. WSDL document is accessed via parser using HTTP connection, whereas web service is communicated thru SOAP messages transported over the HTTP connection. Core module consists of classes that support main functionality of application. WSDLTest can be divided therefore logically into Core, Parser and GUI.

3.2.2 Assumptions

In the design of WSDLTest, following assumptions and considerations were made:

 Java Runtime Environment is required to operate.

 The system on which WSDLTest run has sufficient operating memory, file system storage space and enough CPU time.

 Working TCP/IP connection is required.

WSDLTest must present means the smooth and clear process of testing WSDL documents appropriate for a person with basic technical background without deep knowledge about web services. Application should be interactive and should support various methods of data input and output.

Application should response in timely manner for all internal operations and user interactions. User should not wait long time for application response. External communication with web service and WSDL document remote location should be minimized so that operations that are variable in time and could take longer time are cut to minimum.

The application should does not store or require any additional local files to execute properly if not explicitly wanted by user – needed for some advanced operations.

Development methods

For WSDLTest project, the incremental development has been chosen since it allows high flexibility and reduces the risk of project failure. It is broken into small segments and provides ability for quick reaction to development issues and quick prototyping. The incremental development requires initial concept and requirements analysis.

Programming language

Java [27] language was chosen because application functionality specified in section 3.1 does not tie it to any system platform. Therefore, it was best to use programming language that is platform independent and binary compatible with various systems.

WSDLTest application consists of four modules namely: Core module, Graphical User Interface, EasyWSDL Toolbox parser and SOAP client.

Graphical user interface

The choice of programming language determines and narrows the scope of applicable GUI libraries. There are several Java compatible toolkits. The two types of toolkits can be distinguished: native Java toolkits and cross-platform toolkits, which require their own native

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33 libraries attached to the binary file of the application. It has been decided to use one of native toolkits of Java from which following were considered later:

Abstract Window Toolkit [28] is a basic java toolkit, which uses local system components and it considered stable and well developed but it has not been updated in years.

Swing [29] is a basic java toolkit based on Abstract Window Toolkit and is a “rich internet application” [30] and desktop application toolkit. Similarly, to AWT it has not been updated recently and is not considered suitable for contemporary GUI building.

SwingX [31] is a java toolkit based on Swing toolkit and is remake of this toolkit, which tries to reintroduce Swing as a modern GUI toolkit and possible choice for new projects. However, it does carry inside many components old Swing code and modus operandi, which requires substantial amount of configuration and coding to build modern interface.

JGoodies [32] is a java-based toolkit for GUI building. The documentation is limited so it is difficult to use it in application.

JavaFX [33] is a java toolkit for creating RIA and desktop applications. It does not contain complex UI components like tree tables.

Apache Pivot [34] is a java-based toolkit for creating RIA and desktop applications. It has various complex user interface components and is very robust at the same time. It is cross-platform toolkit and looks very modern. It fulfills all GUI requirements for this project. Toolkit is very well documented and provides many demos and tutorials, which allow fast prototyping.

From above list of GUI toolkits, AWT, Swing and SwingX have been eliminated since their outdated and complex usage. JGoodies look nicely but the documentation is limited. JavaFX even though it has many components, looks nice and is easy to use, does not contain all components required for this project. That is why it has been decided to choose Apache Pivot toolkit to for GUI, which has many GUI components and is easy to use.

Other Libraries

Three additional libraries are used within WSDLTest for various additional tasks not connected with main functionality.

1. Apache Commons [35] is a library used for the manipulation of Java’s core classes such as String.

2. Xeger [36] is a library, which allows for generation of strings based on given regular expression. Xeger support almost all valid Java regular expressions. Summary of all of Xeger limitations [37] is available over the Internet.

3. dk.brics.automaton [38] is a package which contains a Deterministic Finite Automaton (shortly DFA) [39] and NFA [40] finite-state automata implementation. It is used by Xeger library.

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34 Control approach

WSDLTest is an application with interactive user interface. Therefore, it suited best to provide event-based control within application. User actions determine the main flow of program. However, large parts of application are controlled by automated functions therefore without user interaction allowing fast processing of many repeating operations.

Error Handling

WSDLTest use based on java logger API [41] common logger instance for all modules of application. Errors are logged to the log file and can be further investigated. Some handled errors and warnings are prompted in the alert pop-up display. Most of errors are self-handled inside code using try and catch block [42].

Communication mechanisms

WSDL document that WSDLTest needs to be retrieve from remote location (in rare cases local location) is accessed via HTTP protocol connection. This connection is controlled by EasyWSDL Toolbox library, which uses standard Java methods for HTTP connection and is described in more details in section 4.2.3.1. WSDL viewer, a part of GUI, uses as well Java methods from standard library for HTTP connection. Viewer obtains raw WSDL document and present it in interactive tree diagram.

SOAP protocol has been chosen as messaging protocol instead of HTTP protocol. It allows communication between WSDLTest and web service. This communication with web service is based on single WSDL document. It is not required to handle single request node with s multiple SOAP requests and responses based on more than one WSDL. Therefore, HTTP protocol loses its primary advantage over SOAP. SOAP ensures common logic within message whereas HTTP nodes do not.

3.2.3 Review of existing WSDL parsers

Below the information about WSDL parsers is presented. Introduction

WSDL parser is the library that reads WSDL documents and creates application objects based on extracted information. Moreover, WSDL parser can additionally allow performing opposite operation – export information from application object to editable WSDL document. In this section, freeware WSDL parsers available on the market are described and compared.

All WSDL parsers considered in this section require Oracle Java Development Environment 1.6 (or later) and Oracle JDK 1.6 (or later). Among limited number of WSDL parsing libraries, three have been chosen: EasyWSDL Toolbox, Woden and WSDL4J.

EasyWSDL Toolbox Publisher: Petals Link

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35 Publisher web site: http://easywsdl.ow2.org/

EasyWSDL Toolbox [43] is a WSDL parsing library. It can be used to parse both WSDL 1.1 and WSDL 2.0 descriptions and transforms them in a unified object model (based on the WSDL 2.0 entities). Library is written in Java language and therefore can be used within java compatible application only.

EasyWSDL can read, write, edit and createWSDL 1.1,WSDL 2.0andXML Schema(following W3C recommendations/submissions) objects. There is a uniform API for both WSDL versions (1.1 and 2.0). Library is WSDL 2.0 oriented, which includes mechanism for solving the compatibility issues between both versions of WSDL. The naming convection of the WSDL 2.0 types and elements is used when elements implementing the same concept have two different names (ex: PortType in WSDL 1.1 and Interface in WSDL 2.0) in WSDLs versions (Interface in this case is chosen).

Library provides the capability with the most used bindings, which are described in details in section 2.1.3, of the two WSDL versions. It does not require casting explicitly objects within Java and the easy WSDL API provides all necessary methods to retrieve bindings (ex: getSOAP11Binding4WSDL11). It is based on a plug-in architecture, which allows the developer to add new functionalities.

Woden

Publisher: The Apache Software Foundation Publisher web site: http://ws.apache.org/woden/

The Woden [44] project is a subproject of the Apache Web Services Project to develop a Java class library for reading, manipulating, creating and writing WSDL documents, initially to support WSDL 2.0 but with the longer-term aim of supporting past, present and future versions of WSDL. Woden allows users to read, write, edit and create WSDL 2.0(following W3C recommendations) objects. There is a uniform API for WSDL 2.0 version. WSDL 1.1 documents can be converted to WSDL 2.0 using the W3C standardized XSL Stylesheet [45]. A factory mechanism used to obtain a WSDL reader (or parser) object.

Optionally WSDL reader may be configured - for example, switching the validation feature, which checks formal validity of WSDL document. Parser reads (deserialize) a WSDL document located at a specified URL into the Woden WSDL 2.0 object model.

Two forms of the WSDL 2.0 object model are present: one representing the WSDL 2.0 abstract component model and the one that maps to the XML elements and attributes in the WSDL namespace. Woden can parse almost all elements and attributes in the WSDL 2.0 namespace (the 'extends' attribute of Interface is the only one not supported element). Partial WSDL validation is supported using the assertions defined in the WSDL 2.0 spec. Validation exists for Types, Interface and Binding only. Transforming the WSDL document is performed via methods of the WSDL 2.0 object model.

Library supports extensibility of elements and attributes (i.e. the XML elements and attributes that extend standard elements in the WSDL 2.0 namespace). Woden can use this

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36 extensibility mechanism for the SOAP binding extensions defined in the WSDL 2.0 spec. Woden provides a customizable error handling mechanism for reporting warnings, errors or fatal errors that result from WSDL validation or Woden configuration problems.

WSDL4J

Publisher: The Apache Software Foundation Publisher web site: http://wsdl4j.sourceforge.net/

The Web Services Description Language for Java Toolkit (WSDL4J) [46] allows the creation, representation, and manipulation of WSDL documents. It allows reading, writing, editing and creatingWSDL 1.1(following W3C recommendations/submissions) object. There is an API for WSDL 1.1 version. WSDL4J uses the reader to parse (deserialize) a WSDL document at a specified URL into the WSDL4J WSDL 1.1 object model.

Two forms of the WSDL 1.1 object model are available: the one representing the WSDL 2.0 abstract Component model and the one that maps WSDL structure and element to the XML elements and attributes in the WSDL namespace. Parsing supports all the elements and attributes in the WSDL 1.1 namespace. Partial WSDL validation is possible using the assertions defined in the WSDL 1.1 specification. Manipulating the WSDL document is realized via methods of the WSDL 1.1 object model.

EasyWSDL Toolbox Woden WSDL4J

WSDL 1.1 support Full Partial (conversion to 2.0)

Full WSDL 2.0 support Full Full None Parsing to objects

(object model)

Yes Yes Yes

Object Casting Needed No Yes Yes Uniform WSDL 1.1 and 2.0 API Yes No No Conversion from WSDL 1.1 to 2.0 No Yes No

Plug-in support Yes No No WSDL validation No Yes Partial Error handling Yes Yes No

Table 1 – Comparison of WSDL parsers functionality

Summary

In table 1, all three parsers have been compared regarding most important functions. For purpose of WSDLTest EasyWSDL Toolbox has been chosen. It provides full support for WSDL 2.0 standard on which library is based. Moreover, it has easy to use and functional

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37 API and provides error handling of its functions, meaning that it fulfills all requirements from program specification. Woden parser provides similar functionality, however its API usage is more complex. It also fulfills WSDLTest specification. WSDL4J of all three parsers is least mature project providing less number of functions. Moreover, it does not fulfill WSDLTest specification.

3.2.4 System architecture

Core

On the Fig. 5, Core module of WSDLTest application is presented with data input and outputs. It can be noticed that core module holds central role in connecting all the WSDLTest modules together. Core Log File Error Messages Formatted data Data File GUI Input EasyWSDL Toolbox Input

Fig. 5 – Core module

In the Fig. 6, main functions of core module are presented. Based on parsed information from WSDL document interface bonded to SOAP [1] connection is found. From this interface all operations are extracted in order to determine what kind of parameters operations require and how many of them. Depending on chosen test mode, which are described further in 3.2.6:

 Given all information about operations and its parameters, GUI creates panel for input values parameters or input of regular expression.

 WSDLTest generates all parameters and performs number of trials given by the user.

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38 Determine web service SOAP interfaces Determine web service operations Interpret operation parameters GUI input GUI output Output results to file Output File Loging Log file

Fig. 6 – WSDLTest level 2

3.2.4.1 Output file

The purpose of output file is to present full set of results from semi-automatic and automatic modes. The file is saved as .csv[47] file. Such choice of output format allows for further reuse of data by external tools. The file is human-readable.

Data

Inside of output file, for each web service operation, there are columns with values of generated input parameters. Their number depends on number of input parameters. The output file has results of tests. For each returned value there are two obligatory columns and one optional. The first column, titled using parameter name, contains values taken from returned SOAP message [1]. The second column is titled the same as first with addition of “TypeCompatibility:” at the beginning. This column contains Boolean (Yes/No) information about type compatibility, which indicates compatibility of returned value’s type with type declared in WSDL document. If the oracle (detailed description is provided in section 3.2.6) was declared, inside the file the third column appears. This column is titled in similar manner as previous one, but with addition of “OracleCompatibility:” at the beginning. Third column contains Boolean (true/false) information about compatibility of returned value with previously declared oracle.

Structure of data

The data is sorted in groups, according to operation tested. The schema of output file is presented in Table 2. Each row represents single test for one operation.

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39 Operation 1 Input Parameter 1 Name Input Parameter 2 Name

Return Value 1 TypeCompatibility: Return Value 1

OracleCompatibility: Return Value 1 Value 1 Value 1 Value 1 Yes/No true/false Value 2 Value 2 Value 2 Yes/No true/false

Operation 2 Input Parameter 1 Name

Return Value 1 TypeCompatibility: Return Value 1

OracleCompatibility: Return Value 1 Value 1 Value 1 Yes/No true/false Value 2 Value 2 Yes/No true/false

Table 2 – Structure of data inside results file

References

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