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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures ... 3
List of Tables... 4
1 Background ... 5
1.1 Rationale ... 5
1.2 Local Government Unit of Carmona, Cavite Profile ... 6
1.2.1 Geographical Location ... 6
1.2.2 Barangay Subdivision ... 7
1.2.3 Topography and Slope ... 7
1.2.4 Climate ... 10
1.2.5 Land Area ... 10
1.2.6 Population ... 10
1.2.7 Land Use ... 12
1.2.8 Water Resources ... 15
1.2.9 Major Transportation Routes and Traffic Conditions ... 15
1.2.10 Economy ... 15
1.3 Planning Context ... 16
1.3.1 LGU development priorities ... 16
1.3.2 Current climate change plans and programs ... 17
1.4 Planning Approach ... 20
1.4.1 The Planning Framework ... 20
1.4.2 Guiding Principles ... 20
1.5 Institutional Arrangements ... 22
1.5.1 Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) Planning Team ... 22
1.5.2 Climate Change Core Working Committee ... 25
2 Vulnerability assessment ... 30
2.1 Historical Occurrences ... 30
2.2 Climate-Related Hazards and their Impacts... 32
2.2.1 Low Productivity in Agriculture ... 32
2.2.2 Increase in Temperature ... 34
2.2.3 Insufficiency in Basic Utilities ... 36
2.2.4 Flooding ... 40
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
2.2.6 Summary ... 42
2.3 Identifying climate change vulnerability through the CCVI ... 45
2.3.1 Exposure ... 47
2.3.2 Floods ... 51
2.3.3 Sensitivity ... 57
2.3.4 Adaptive Capacity ... 60
2.4 Key Development Issues ... 67
2.4.1 Implications of greenhouse gas inventory ... 67
2.4.2 Climate change adaptation mainstreaming to development plans ... 67
2.4.3 Identifying Institutional linkages and empowerment ... 68
2.4.4 Costs and Financing ... 69
3 LCCAP Objectives ... 70
4 Adaptation ... 72
5 Monitoring and Evaluation ... 91
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
L
IST OF
F
IGURES
Figure 1. Barangay boundaries of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 7
Figure 2. Slope map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 9
Figure 3. Land use map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 14
Figure 4. Comparison of affected households per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 31 Figure 5. Households with decrease crop harvest in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 33 Figure 6. Households who experienced increase in temperature in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 35 Figure 7. Households who experienced more frequent brownouts in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 37 Figure 8. Households who experienced decrease in water supply in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 39 Figure 9. Households who experienced more frequent flooding in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 41 Figure 10. Households who experienced more frequents droughts in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 43 Figure 11. Summary of households affected by various climate-related hazards in the Municipality of
Carmona, Cavite 44
Figure 12. CCVI map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 46
Figure 13. Landslide intensity map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite. 47
Figure 14. Exposure index map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 48
Figure 15. Rain-induced landslide hazard map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 49
Figure 16. Flood susceptibility map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 51
Figure 17. Flood hazard map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 52
Figure 18. Barangay 1 flood susceptibility map 53
Figure 19. Barangay Maduya susceptibility map 54
Figure 20. Barangay Cabilang Baybay susceptibility map 55
Figure 21. Barangay Milagrosa flood susceptibility map 56
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
L
IST OF
T
ABLES
Table 1. Slope characteristics per category in the Province of Cavite 8
Table 2. Distribution of slope classification per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 8 Table 3. Area and percent distribution of slope per classification in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 8
Table 4. Land area by Barangay and Municipal level of Carmona, Cavite 10
Table 5. Population and average growth rate of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 11
Table 6. Population by gender of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012 11
Table 7. Population by age group of Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012 12
Table 8. Projected population of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012-2022 13
Table 9. Matrix of Disasters/Calamities in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 30
Table 10. Households per Barangay engaged in agriculture in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 32 Table 11. Reasons for low harvest in the agriculture sector in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 32 Table 12. Households who experienced increase in temperature by Barangay in the Municipality of
Carmona, Cavite 34
Table 13. Households who experienced more frequent brownouts by Barangay in the Municipality of
Carmona, Cavite 36
Table 14. Households who experienced decrease in water supply by Barangay in the Municipality of
Carmona, Cavite 38
Table 15. Households who experienced more frequent flooding by Barangay in the Municipality of
Carmona, Cavite 40
Table 16. Households who experienced more frequent droughts by Barangay in the Municipality of
Carmona, Cavite 42
Table 17. Climate change vulnerability index per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 45 Table 18. Characterization of rain-indunced landslide in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 50 Table 19. Ecological sensitivity per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 58 Table 20. Livelihood at Risk by Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 58 Table 21. Population at risk per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 59
Table 22. Characterization of adaptive capacity for CCVI 60
Table 23.Economic resources and distribution category for adaptive capacity 62
Table 24. Skills category data for adaptive capacity 63
Table 25. Information and technology category data for adaptive capacity 64
Table 26. Infrastructure and service facilities category data for adaptive capacity 65
Table 27. Institutions category data for adaptive capacity 66
Table 28. Specific objectives for the Local Climate Change Action Plan 70
Table 29. Local Climate Change Adaptation Measures 72
Table 30. Indicative budget and implementation schedule 82
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1 B
ACKGROUND
1.1 R
ATIONALE
Climate change without a doubt is the most serious global environmental challenge we are facing. It is estimated that the worldwide average temperatures rose by 0.7°C in the last century. Further, the period of 2001-2011 was recorded as the hottest by various meteorological services around the world. Climate models shows that global warming is more likely to increase and exceed the projected 2°C, with a possible 4°C increase as early as 2060 causing severe impacts to global, regional, and national conditions (The World Bank, 2012).
As the third most vulnerable country in the world to weather-related extreme events, earth quakes, and sea level rise, we are already experiencing the consequences brought about by climate change. We are very much directly exposed to multiple climate-related hazards such as typhoons (i.e. Pepeng, Ondoy, Yolanda), floods (i.e. Rizal, Metro Manila), landslides (i.e. Quezon, Leyte), and droughts (i.e. 1997-1998, 2010). Among the most affected are those living in coastal communities and the lower rung urban communities that lack awareness on proper disaster preparedness measure to take. The urban poor in informal settlements are also considered the most vulnerable group due in part to additional pressure on urban systems created by rapidly increasing population growth.
The increasing levels of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that form in our atmosphere is said to be the major contributor to global warming. While we in the Philippines are minor producers of such relative to other countries, our GHG emissions are projected to quadruple in the energy sector and double in the transport sector by 2030 due to growing economy, urbanization and motorization. Human-induced environmental deterioration and unsustainable development practices that aggravate the country’s climate vulnerability has been more rampant and also extensive, adding more to our dilemma.
In response to the urgency to act on climate change, the Republic Act 9729, otherwise known as the Climate Change Act of 2009 paved the way for the establishment of the Climate Change Commission (CCC), a policy-making body that will coordinate, monitor and evaluate climate change programs and action plans in the country. The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change (NFSCC) 2010-2022 was then created to denote the guiding principles that envision “…a climate risk-resilient Philippines with healthy, safe, prosperous and self-reliant communities with thriving and productive ecosystems…” carried out through the development of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028.
However, although the Climate Change Act and the NCCAP represent a clear evolution of priorities for our country, climate policy reform efforts are only partially aligned with development plan outcomes, thus limiting their effectiveness. National, sectoral, and local plans and policies are not fully aligned with the NCCAP, creating difficulties in monitoring climate activities and hampering coordination and convergence across all levels of government. More importantly, there were insufficient provisions of technical and financial assistance to Local Government Units (LGUs) to formulate their own Local Climate Change Actions Plans (LCCAP).
As abatement, the People’s Survival Fund (PSF) was created to finance adaptation programs and projects that are directly supportive of the objectives enumerated in the NCCAP and LCCAP of LGUs and communities.
Through the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), a memorandum circular no. 2014-135 dated October 21, 2014 provided the LGUs with the guidelines on formulating their own LCCAP and another unnumbered memorandum dated October 3, 2014 provides the framework for mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and climate change in Local Development Plans (LDP).
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.2 L
OCAL
G
OVERNMENT
U
NIT OF
C
ARMONA
,
C
AVITE
P
ROFILE
Carmona, in the olden times was a barrio of Silang. Because of its vast plains, it was called “Latag”, a tagalog word referring to the geographic characteristics of the place. Early settlers found the area suitable to till the lands and build a community.
In 1823, a movement from Silang started (from the Spanish text from the Arzobispado de Manila believed to
be brought about by the settlers desire to have their own access to religious services). On February 20, 1857
by virtue of a decree issued by then Gov. Gen. Ramon Montero of the Superior Gobierno delas Islas Filipinas, Latag became a town and named Carmona.
With this recognition came the desire of the people to prove their worth. As they made the soil productive, questions on land ownership became an issue thus, the agricultural land was declared communal and divided into parcels. These parcels of land were then raffled among the family heads. Having found the arrangement satisfactory and equitable both to the townspeople and officials, lottery of the lots previously known as Subasta delas Tierras Communales del Pueblo de Carmona” or “Subasta ng Bukid” became the tradition. Later, the term “SORTEO” was used to denote the unique practice and tradition in Carmona held every three years where communal ricelands are raffled among the native citizens of the town and for a period of 3 years the lucky winner of a parcel is recognized as its owner.
1.2.1 Geographical Location
Carmona, a first class municipality, in the Province of Cavite, Region IV-A (CALABARZON), is in the Luzon Island. Approximately 36 kilometers south of Manila and 38 kilometers from the Provincial Capitol of Trece Martires City. It is located within the geographical coordinates of 12003’ latitude and 14109’ longitude.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.2.2 Barangay Subdivision
Carmona is considered urban in its entirety, composed of fourteen (14) barangays with eight (8)
barangays situated in the Poblacion area. In terms of land area, Barangay 13- Lantic is the biggest
with 1698 hectares while the smallest is the whole Poblacion at 62 hectares.
Figure 1. Barangay boundaries of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
1.2.3 Topography and Slope
The topography of Carmona is generally flat to strongly sloping. There are six (6) categories of slopes found in the whole municipality (Table 1). These slopes are classified to indicate the probable limits of various types of land uses. As to slope classification, Carmona has slopes ranging from 0 to 25% of the total land area. Slope A (0-2.5%) can be found in portions of Barangay Cabilang Baybay, Lantic, Mabuhay, Maduya, Milagrosa and the whole Poblacion (Table 2). This represents 32% of the total land area.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Table 1. Slope characteristics per category in the Province of Cavite
Table 2. Distribution of slope classification per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
BARANGAY TOTAL LAND AREA SLOPE A 0 – 2.5 SLOPE B 2.6 – 5 SLOPE C 5.1 – 10 SLOPE D 10.1– 18 SLOPE E 18.1– 25 Bancal 520 - 160 240 240 - Cabilang Baybay 315 228 54 3 30 - Lantic 1698 395 157 466 322 358 Mabuhay 245 83 23 101 38 - Maduya 182 182 - - - - Milagrosa 70 70 - - - - Barangay 1- 8 62 62 - - - - TOTAL 3092 1020 394 810 510 358
Table 3. Area and percent distribution of slope per classification in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
SLOPE AREA % SLOPE
A 1020 32 B 394 13 C 810 26 D 510 17 E 358 12 TOTAL 3092 100
CATEGORY SLOPE CLASSIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
A 0 – 2.5% Level to nearly level
B 2.6 – 5% Very gently sloping or undulating
C 5.1 – 10% Gently sloping or undulating
D 10.1 – 18% Moderately sloping or rolling
E 18.1 – 25% Strongly sloping or strongly rolling
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
F ig u re 2 . S lo p e m a p o f t h e M u n ic ip a lit y o f Car m o n a , Cav it e
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.2.4 Climate
Carmona is under Type I climate characterized by two (2) pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. Maximum rainfall usually occurs from June to September. The average annual rainfall is 200 millimeters with a peak of 400 millimeters in the month of August.
The annual temperature is 27.2oC. The highest temperature occurs during the month of May while the lowest
occurs during the month of January.
The predominant wind direction comes from the Southwest during the months of June to September and from the Northwest during the month of October to January, while from February to April, the wind direction is from the Southeast which predominantly comes in the month of May.
The average humidity of Carmona is 81%. This makes the municipality’s climate cooler than Metropolitan Manila where the average humidity is higher.
1.2.5 Land Area
The Municipality has a total land area of 3,092 hectares representing 2.18% of the total land area of Cavite. It is divided into two categories, the upland and the lowland. The lowland areas are devoted to rice and vegetables. These areas are utilized for two cropping period. Third cropping area is possible in some areas where rice, green corn, root crops are planted. Other upland crops are grown in Barangay Bancal and upland area of Barangay Lantic (Table 4).
Table 4. Land area by Barangay and Municipal level of Carmona, Cavite
BARANGAY LAND AREA (Ha) PRECENTAGE
Barangay 1 – 8 (Poblacion) 62 2.0
Barangay 9 – Maduya 182 6.0
Barangay 10 – Cabilang Baybay 315 10.0
Barangay 11 – Mabuhay 245 8.0 Barangay 12 – Milagrosa 70 2.0 Barangay 13 – Lantic 1698 55.0 Barangay 14 - Bancal 520 17.0 TOTAL 3,092 100%
1.2.6 Population
Carmona’s population exponentially increases through time with a growth rate pattern not higher than 8% every year. The total population of Carmona as of 2012 is 75,020 with an average growth rate of 7% (Table
5). Its household population is 19,589 with an average size of 4 people per residence. Brgy 12 or Milagrosa
has the highest number of population and Brgy 2 has the least among others. The female population is greater than males (Table 6). Of the total population, about 24,520 or 32.69% comprises the child & youth group (0-14 y/o), the productive or working age group is about (15-64 y/o) 48,514 or 64.67% (Table 7).
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Table 5. Population and average growth rate of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
Table 6. Population by gender of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012
BARANGAY GENDER TOTAL
POPULATION HOUSEHOLD POPULATION HOUSEHOLD SIZE MALE FEMALE 1 1430 1443 2873 735 4 2 187 222 409 115 4 3 235 287 522 133 4 4 261 297 558 167 3 5 273 315 588 172 3 6 326 346 672 186 4 7 288 352 640 150 4 8 1310 1374 1310 734 4 Maduya 4453 4520 8973 2516 4 Cabilang Baybay 3260 3428 6688 1624 4 Mabuhay 4563 4757 9320 2228 4 Milagrosa 10781 20988 21769 5018 4 Lantic 4270 4537 8807 2283 4 Bancal 5880 6011 11891 3528 3 TOTAL 37517 48877 75020 19589 4
YEAR
POPULATION
INCREASE OR DECREASE
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE
1903
2606
-
-
1918
2818
212
0.52
1939
5394
2576
3.14
1948
5597
203
0.41
1960
8212
2615
3.25
1970
16123
7911
6.98
1980
21014
4891
2.68
1990
28247
7233
3
1995
35686
7439
4.79
1998
42212
6526
5.76
2000
47706
5494
6.31
2002
53650
5944
6.05
2004
56307
2657
2.45
2006
57652
1345
1.19
2008
64372
6720
5.67
2010
69430
5058
7.85
2012
75020
5590
8.05
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Table 7. Population by age group of Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012
By the year 2020, the total population of Carmona is expected to be 147,576. The projection is attributed with factors such as natural increase of population attributed by natality and emigration, and urbanization. With this expected growth of population there is a need to improve and increase the educational, social, and economic services of the municipality (Table 8).
1.2.7 Land Use
The Municipality of Carmona with an over-all land area of 3,092 hectares is intended for numerous forms of land uses. Large portion of its land is intended for further development, next to it is agricultural and the rest are open spaces, residential and commercial lots correspondingly (Figure 3).
AGE GROUP MALE FEMALE TOTAL
0-4 years old 4655 4188 8843 5-9 years old 4281 3968 8249 10-14 years old 3820 3608 7428 15-19 eyars old 3416 3509 6925 20-24 years old 3677 4059 7736 25-29 years old 3842 4286 8129 30-39 years old 6167 6353 12520 40-49 eyars old 3885 3959 7844 50-59 years old 2060 2173 4234 60-64 years old 520 606 1126
65 years old & above 753 1233 1986
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
T a b le 8 . P ro je c te d p o p u la tio n o f t h e M u n ic ip a li ty o f C a rm o n a , Cav it e , 2 0 1 2 -2 0 2 2 BA R AN G A Y P OP UL A T ION P ROJ E CT ION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 1 2873 3074 3289 3520 3766 4030 4312 4613 4936 5282 5652 2 409 438 468 501 536 574 614 657 703 752 805 3 522 559 598 639 684 732 783 838 897 960 1027 4 558 597 639 684 731 783 837 896 959 1026 1098 5 588 629 673 720 771 825 882 944 1010 1081 1157 6 672 719 769 823 881 943 1008 1079 1155 1235 1322 7 640 685 733 784 839 898 960 1028 1100 1177 1259 8 1310 1402 1500 1605 1717 1837 1966 2104 2251 2408 2577 M a d u y a 8973 9601 10273 10992 11762 12585 13466 14409 15417 16496 17651 Cab il a n g Ba y b a y 6688 7156 7657 8193 8767 9380 10037 10739 11491 12296 13156 M ab u h a y 9320 9972 10670 11417 12217 13072 13987 14966 16013 17134 18334 M il a g ro s a 21769 23293 24923 26668 28535 30532 32669 34956 37403 40021 42823 L a n tic 8807 9423 10083 10789 11544 12352 13217 14142 15132 16191 17325 Ban c a l 11891 12723 13614 14567 15587 16678 17845 19094 20431 21861 23391 T O T A L 7 5 ,0 2 0 8 0 ,2 7 1 8 5 ,8 9 0 9 1 ,9 0 3 9 8 ,3 3 6 1 0 5 ,2 1 9 1 1 2 ,5 8 5 1 2 0 ,4 6 6 1 2 8 ,8 9 8 1 3 7 ,9 2 1 1 4 7 ,5 7 6
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
F ig u re 3 . L a n d u s e m a p o f t h e M u n ic ip a li ty o f Ca rm o n a , Ca v it e
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.2.8 Water Resources
The hydrological system of the Municipality is composed of 3 tributaries namely: Soro-soro, Carmona and Biñan-Calabuso Rivers that generally directed from Silang watershed going to tributaries in Biñan and eventually to Laguna bay. Carmona Rivers are generally utilized to irrigate farmlands. Groundwater is the main source of potable water of the municipality, which is systematically extracted and delivered to some constituents by the Carmona Water District (CWD); private wells for some residences and commercial establishments.
1.2.9 Major Transportation Routes and Traffic Conditions
The major transportation routes of the Municipality include: JM Loyola St covering Barangay Maduya, 4, 5, and Mabuhay converging with Governor’s Drive as its main Municipal Road.
On the other hand, the Governor’s Drive its major National/Provincial Road connects the City of Biñan in Laguna, Carmona, and General Mariano Alvarez (GMA) in Cavite.
With regards to chokepoints, the SLEX-Carmona Exit intersection and Cabilang Baybay – Brgy 7 (near Macaria) are the major areas were traffic conditions transpire moderate to heavy.
1.2.10 Economy
Cottage industries include metal works, metalcraft, footwear industries, concrete products, tricycle assembly, rattan handicrafts and bakeries. Manufacturing firms engaged in handicraft (bags and shoes), furniture making, business retailing, personal and business services, and food based enterprises contribute to the municipality’s trade and commerce. Mercantile activities in the municipality are concentrated at the Poblacion area and along Governor’s Drive. Carmona has been classified as a first class municipality since July 1996, brought about by industrialization, real estate development and commercial activities.
Carmona’s progress accelerated after the conversion of more than fifty hectares of farmlands into industrial areas in 1998. Garment industries, steel fabrication, microchips and semi-conductors, tool fabrication, bus assembly, bulb factories, die casting and other small and medium-scale industries currently operate in the municipality. These investments continue to provide local employment, generate export earnings, increase municipal revenues and serve as vehicles for technology transfer. Foreign investments are pouring in as export-oriented industries continue to flourish.
Industrialization in the 90s account for the rapid growth of Carmona's business community from an otherwise quaint agricultural town in the 1950s. Brought about by huge capital from the national government, the industrial complexes bolstered the increase of the municipality's revenues and the change in the people's lifestyle.
Strewn along the Governor's Drive, in a total of 419.31 hectares, making up 13.56% of the towns land area are the eight (8) industrial complexes namely; Golden Mile Business Park, People's Technology Complex Special Economic Zone, Welborne Industrial Park, Southcoast Industrial Estate, Mountview I and II Industrial Complexes, Sterling Technopark, and Granville Industrial Estate, where more than 200 factories are in operation.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.3 P
LANNING
C
ONTEXT
1.3.1 LGU development priorities
The Municipality of Carmona has jumped from a mere third class to first class LGU in less than a decade through rigorous industrialization leading to economic development. A key to which is its political transformation that resulted to a more harmonious administration.
A former “Basurahan ng Maynila” due to the operation of the Carmona Sanitary Landfill by the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) in the Municipality, the LGU have strived to improve its environmental condition more so, its peoples’ well-being even before the institution of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. The MDGs nevertheless gave the LGU the framework to reinforce its goals and reach its targets not only based on its own priorities but more so on a global measure.
Since time immemorial Carmona have strived to reach and maintain it’s over reaching vision, to be “A premier
investment and sports hub in the province of Cavite with ecologically-balanced community and fast-growing economy steered by empowered citizenry and dynamic leadership” with goals as follows:
1. A peaceful community that supports a well-balanced ecosystem;
2. A progressive Municipality which is committed to attain a sustainable development for a better life for its citizenry; and
3. A responsive governance that promotes transparency and accountability.
Desired Qualities of the Citizenry
1. Empowered citizenry – Carmona residents are knowledgeable with what is happening to their local government and the community; they participate and are involved in the development planning process; they could voice out their right in every sectoral consultations.
2. Disaster-resilient – Carmona residents are prepared in whatever disaster to come. They are ready for the effects derived from climate change; they are even aware who and where the vulnerable are – people and place; the less adaptive, the most sensitive and the most exposed areas.
3. Less household below poverty line – Carmona residents are self-reliant, able to provide for the basic needs of their families. They are able to adopt the local government’s trend on employment and livelihood resources. They are able to build and increase their capability to uplift their standard of living.
Desire Status of the Local Economy
1. Sustained ecologically-balanced community – properly planned, regulated, and delineated land-uses wherein urban expansion area is adequate for future growth and development; there is optimal land utilization without sacrificing its future needs.
2. Fast growing economy – low crime rates is evident; adequate facilities for police services are in place; more infrastructure and utilities are developed; additional investments came in due to favorable and conducive investment hub.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Desired Qualities of the Local Leadership
1. Dynamic leaders – committed leaders who are able to utilize resources and deliver best services more appropriately; working under transparent and accountable local governance. 2. Strengthened public-private partnership – Carmona’s local economy is boosted by partnership
to attain its maximum development this, fulfilling the needs of the community in terms of social, economic, environment and infrastructure and utilities; there is an established active and participative collaboration between the local government, the investors, and the community. There is an adequate, appropriate and efficiently managed/co-managed transport and infrastructure support facilities
1.3.2 Current climate change plans and programs
In most instances, climate change adaptation has been downloaded to the respective environmental offices of each local government units. In Carmona, a separate Municipal Environment & Natural Resources Office (MENRO) was created to facilitate management of the local environment, climate change adaptation measures included. However, other departments are also included wherein projects are aligned based on their functions such as the Municipal Engineering Office for infrastructure development.
Programs related to climate change adaptation can be classified into three (3): (i) carbon sequestration, (ii) emission reduction, and (iii) rehabilitation.
The Puno ng Bayan: Tree Planting
Program is the main carbon
sequestration program of Carmona. It was created and implemented in 2011 in support of the Malacañang’s National Greening Program (NGP) that aims to plant 1.5 billion trees covering 1.5 million hectares of land for a period of six years from 2011 – 2016, and the DILG’s Billion Trees Program, which is also a support effort to the NGP. The Puno ng Bayan requires all local government employees including those at the Barangay to plant at least ten (10) seedling annually. A
verification card is used as proof of tree planting. Seedlings on the other are either purchased, solicited from other government agencies such as the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) and DENR, or donated by various companies in the Municipality such as ROHM Electronics Philippines, Inc. (REPI) and ON Semiconductors Philippines among others. Other groups such as the Taiwan Chamber of the South Philippines conducts their own tree planting activities.
With limited land area for tree planting, a total of 20,342 seedlings of various species have been planted from 2011-2014 with an estimated survival rate of 60%.
In terms of emission reduction, management of solid waste according to studies contributes a small amount of GHG emission reductions on a post-consumer point of reference. However, if waste reduction and recycling leading to lesser production of materials, usage of raw resources, and conversation to energy are calculate, results cannot be undermined.
Solid waste management has been the Municipality’s prime environmental effort in the last decade or so. Carmona in the early 1990’s has been a dumping area of Metro Manila’s waste due the establishment of the Carmona Sanitary Landfill own and operated by the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) in the area. Due to management and environmental issues thru the leadership of local officials, the landfill was
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
force closed. As early as 1997, the LGU were able to craft and implement its very own Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance (MO 003-97) prior to the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. A local program Balik Inang Kalikasan, Balik Amang Pabrika (BIKBAP), a recycling and composting program was recognized as among the best programs in the country in 2002 thru the Gawad Galing Pook 2002. More improvements were done and as the rest as they say, is history.
At present, the LGU thru the MENRO still holds a highly recognized best practice in solid waste management not only in the Province of Cavite but in the Region as well. Spearheading the program on managing solid waste is the recycling program
Basura Palit Gamit Atbp. (BPGA). In BPGA
recyclables are collected just like in the regular junkshops but instead of direct payments, a passbook that serves as a record book is kept. After collecting certain amount of recyclables equivalent to Php 50.00 or Php 100.00, a passbook holder can redeem basic commodities such as cooking oil, sugar, rice among others and school supplies instead of cash.
However, due to insistent demand of participants and clamor for other commodities that seemed tedious for the program to provide, a 50% cash redemption was then allowed. Aside from the hundreds of metric tons collected since its inception in 2008, more than Php 5 million has been generated by the program. The program although a LGU program was co-managed by a NGO, the Samahan ng Nagkakaisang
Kababaihan ng Carmona, Inc. (SNKCI). The facilities such as Barangay MRF and Central MRF including
transport support and seed money are provided by the LGU, but the operations and all financial matters are tasked to the SNKCI. The BPGA aside from being a recycling program is also an income-generating activity for the community.
The LGU also has a biodegradable waste management program. For years, a 4 2-tonner rotary drum composters were used to process biodegradable wastes and produced composts, however in 2013, a 500-kg bioreactor was acquired that dramatically, improved the program. For a time, the LGU has also ventured in vermicomposting as a trial aimed for agricultural wastes but did not materialized.
Other waste reduction and recycling programs that the LGU is implementing include the ecoBag ni Mayor Loyola, which promotes the use of recyclable and reusable bags backed up by Municipal Ordinance No. 004-9, otherwise known as the Selective Plastic Ban and ecobag ordinance; the ecolivelihood program that produces the recycled bags but also various products such as doormats, plant baskets, bean bags and lanterns out of recycled materials.
An industrial area, the LGU also implemented a program that manages the wastes on the business side, the Waste Transportation program which based on an ordinance, MO 006-05. Thru the program, waste haulers of various industries are required to secure registration from the MENRO before they can transact business within the
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Municipality. Such as well was then included as a requirement of the businesses in securing business permits. Registered vehicles under the program are issued stickers and are required to have tickets per trip. What the program does is it ensures the private sector to manage their wastes appropriately, if not, they are given Notice of Violation (NOV) or in some cases, closure orders.
Currently, there are more than 100 registered waste haulers transacting businesses in the Municipality. The program has also generated an income close to Php 3 million with about Php 200,000.00 as incentives to accredited enforcers monitoring the waste haulers.
In terms of information, education and dissemination (IEC), a holistic effort Ako
Basurero Campaign was launched in 2013 to spread knowledge on proper waste
management. Primarily aimed at instituting basic waste management concepts and know-how, the campaign targets students’ participation. Composed of a mascot, jingle, and an oath, Ako Basurero Campaign has been collecting signatures as part of its program.
In terms of energy consumption, the LGU has also implemented LED lights installation in all government owned and operated facilities. Hundreds of incandescent and CFL lights were already replaced since 2010 this along with
gradual replacement of other equipment such as airconditioning units to inverter types that reduces energy consumption and minimizes pollution.
The LGU has also been consistently participating annually on Earth Hour since 2009. Earth Hour is a worldwide movement organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) that encourages individuals, communities, households and businesses to turn their non-essential lights and other electronic gadget for one hour, from 8:30-9:30 pm on the last Saturday in March as a symbol of commitment in fighting global warming. Yearly the MENRO conducts public addresses and sends invitations to various sectors to participate in the event.
With regards to rehabilitation, infrastructure wise, the LGU thru its Municipal Engineering Office (MEO) as fund by the National Government has been implementing improvements such as construction and rehabilitation of drainages within the municipality. The MEO is also in charge with regular cleaning of such existing facilities to ensure that they are not clogged especially during heavy downpours to avoid flooding. And finally, the MENRO has been consistently improving the conditions of the Municipality’s waterways by conducting river cleanups.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.4 P
LANNING
A
PPROACH
Adaptation prevents or moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities, by making changes in natural or human systems in the context of climate change impacts. The impacts of climate change are already occurring, and because they are projected to become even more severe in the future, it is essential to undertake short-, medium- and long-term adaptation measures. Short-term adaptation measures are required immediately in order to prevent and moderate impacts that are already experienced, while medium- and long-term adaptation measures are to prevent and mitigate projected future impacts.
Such concepts are widely applied today in a variety of sectors. The key feature of climate change adaptation is in its proactive nature, including responses to the occurring impacts. These efforts thus should be based on projections of future climate, impacts, and societal trends. Because these projections involve uncertainty, the challenge is how to formulate adaptation planning under such uncertainties.
The preparation of the basic conditions for adaptation planning and implementation is essential.
These efforts include accumulating information, raising public awareness, and arranging institutional frameworks for organized initiatives. In particular, as medium- and long-term adaptation is a proactive response, it requires development of institutional arrangements and methodologies for gathering, storing, managing, and utilizing basic information on the target regions and sectors. Discussions about global warming tend to focus on mitigation strategies such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide, and interest in adaptation measures is typically not very high. Nevertheless, to control the adverse impacts until climate change mitigation actually becomes effective, it is essential to promote both mitigation and adaptation measures in an integrated way. It is also important to view these measures in the context of future regional and community development. To promote these types of measures, it is important to aim for greater awareness about adaptation measures - among not only government departments (including local governments), but also at every level of society.
1.4.1 The Planning Framework
This plan serves as supplement and integrates existing CLUP, Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), Annual Investment Plans (AIP) and other planning processes and development activities the LGU is engaged into taking into considerations the following:
1. Minimizing risk and improving land development activities that occur in or near flood, slope or coastal hazard areas.
2. Improving infrastructure for storm water management, solid waste management, access to safe drinking water, and the movement of goods and people.
3. Protecting ecosystems and environmentally sensitive areas in and around the Municipality. 4. Improving disaster risk reduction, including the improvement of response capacities for
disasters.
5. Supporting local economic development to reduce poverty and improve quality of life.
1.4.2 Guiding Principles
In general, consistent with the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028, this LCCAP adopts the following NFSCC guiding principles:
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1. The Framework envisions a climate risk-resilient local government with healthy, sage, prosperous and self-reliant communities, and thriving productive ecosystems.
2. The goal is to build the adaptive capacity of communities and increase the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities towards sustainable development.
3. The Municipality is committed to its core principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.
4. The precautionary principle guides the LGU’s climate change framework and shall take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures.
5. The Framework is risk-based, and strategies/activities shall be formulated, with decisions made based on the causes, magnitude and impacts of risks.
6. Climate change knowledge is science-based, and shall be formulated, with decisions made based on the causes, magnitude and impacts of risks.
7. The local priorities shall be adaptation and mitigation, with an emphasis on adaptation as the anchor strategy. Whenever applicable, mitigation actions shall also be pursued as a function of adaptation.
8. Adaptation measures shall be based on equity, in accordance with common but differentiated responsibility; special attention must be given to ensure equal and equitable protection of the poor, women, children and other vulnerable and disadvantage sectors.
9. Even with inadequate scientific information, anticipatory adaptation measures should be undertaken to prevent or minimize the causes and potential impacts of climate change, whenever necessary.
10. The Framework adopts the Philippine Agenda 21 for Sustainable Development, to fulfill human needs while maintain the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations. 11. The principle of complementation shall be observed to ensure that climate change initiatives
by one sector do not restrict the adaptation of other sectors.
12. The Framework recognizes the value of forming multi-stakeholder participation and partnerships in climate change initiatives, including with civil society, private sector and local government, and especially with indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups most vulnerable to climate change impacts.
13. Policy and incentive mechanisms to facilitate private sector participation in addressing adaptation and mitigation objectives shall be promoted and supported.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.5 I
NSTITUTIONAL
A
RRANGEMENTS
1.5.1 Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) Planning Team
By virtue of Executive Order No. 01-2015 in accordance with DILG Memorandum dated October 21, 2014, the current Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (MDRRMC) shall also be known as the Climate Change Adaptation – Disaster Risk reduction (CCA-DRR) Planning Team with the members as follows:
Chairperson : Dr. Dahlia A. Loyola Municipal Mayor
Members : Hon. Elmer M. Reyes
Vice Mayor
SB Chairman, Peace, Public Order and Safety Council Bernie A. Ortiz
SB Chairman, Health Environment & Disaster Management Mildred M. Purificacion
Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator’s Officer Rommel DL. Peneyra
MDRRM Officer
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer Carmen T. Sarita
Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer Dr. Homer L. Aguinaldo
Municipal Health Officer Nenita L. Ernacio Municipal Agriculturist Engr. Fedelino L. Mapanoo Municipal Engineer
Domingo C. Flores Municipal Budget Officer Edgardo T. De Guzman Zoning Administrator Angelo A. Macha
Information Technology Officer Glenn P. San Diego
Administrative Officer V
Human Resources and Management Office Dave A. Peñano
Local Economic and Investment Promotion Officer Engr. Seramel Jay V. De Guzman
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Building Official Joanne B. Bawalan
Municipal Information Officer
Armando M. Canita CARTMO
Marivic M. Pakingan SB Secretary Wilhelmina Magboo
District Supervisor - Carmona PCI Jigger S. Noceda
Chief, PNP Carmona FCI Rosalinda T. Sta Ana
Municipal Fire Marshal, BFP Carmona Hon. Fermin M. Levardo
President, Liga ng mga Barangay Divinamor T. Depano
MLGOO Carmona Edison L. Sarmiento
General Manager, Carmona Water District Julie C. Diago
President, Samahan ng Nagkakaisang Kababaihan ng Carmona, Inc. Non-Government Organization
Alvin S. Nuque
President, Red Cross 143 Non-Government Organization Jose V. Hernandez
President, Assistance Life Emergency Rescue Team (ALERT) / Brgy Captain - Brgy 4
Non-Government Organization Cezarie A. Martinez
Founder, Philippine Guardians Brotherhood Inc. (PGBI) – Carmona Chapter
Non-Government Organization Jovencio R. Calica
President, Carmona Business Club Private Sector Representative Angelina F. Pe
President, Senior Citizens Association Jesusa M. Halnin
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Edgar De Jesus
Managing Director, PTC Locators Association Robert dela Victoria
President, Golden Mile Business Park Association Bismarck Simundac
President, Carmona Tourism Alliance Officers Virginia Mabini
President, Carmona Private Schools Association
In accord with the DILG Memorandum Circular No.2014-135, the CCA-DRR Planning Team shall perform the following functions:
1. Ensure that a LCCAP will be drafted, approved, implemented, monitored and updated when necessary;
2. Conduct a climate change orientation for LGU officials, LGU functionaries and other key stakeholders such as the private sector, NGOs, community-based groups, the academe, media and other civil society representatives to be more informed and have a better understanding of the relevance and importance of climate change adaptation planning to LGU’s sustainable development;
3. Agree on the purpose and scope of climate change adaptation planning;
4. In accordance with Section 2 (c) of the Local Government Code, LGU which requires LGUs to always consult their constituents in planning and policy/decision making, identify the stakeholders who should be involved along with their interest, capacity and influence to the planning process; 5. Seek assistance if needed from DILG Regional/Field Office for Training on the Formulation of
LCCAP;
6. Ensure funds for the preparation and implementation of LCCAP. Section 20 of RA 9729 (as amended by RA 10174) states that the fund (People’s Survival Fund) shall be used to support adaptation activities of local government and communities. The LGU may submit copy of their LCCAP to Climate Change Commission (CCC) for possible funding; and
7. The NDRRMC-DBM-DILG Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2013-1 dated March 25, 2013 stipulates the allocation and utilization of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) for the following:
Conduct of risk assessment, vulnerability analysis, and other science-based technology and methodologies to enhance LGU ecological profile, sectoral studies and maintain DRRM activities/climate change adaptation in CLUP and CDP (Item 5.1.1); Capability building (train, equip, organize, provide funding, sustain) on mainstreaming
DRRM/CCA in development planning, investment programming/financing, and project evaluation and development (Item 5.1.3)
Conduct of activities to review and integrate DRRM/CCA into various environmental policies, plans, programs and project (Item 5.1.4)
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
1.5.2 Climate Change Core Working Committee
In the same basis, the CCA Working Committee (CTWC) was also created as one of the MDRRMC Working Committee with the following composition:
Chair : Rommel DL. Peneyra
Municipal Environment & Natural Resources Officer Vice – Chair : Chris Harold M. Barlam
Municipal Environment & Natural Resources Office
Members : Jojemar O. Tenedero
Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office Melanie Camama
Mayor’s Office Evelyn Papa Mayor’s Office Aldrin Alcedo
Sanguniang Bayan ng Carmona Florabel Manalo
Municipal Planning and Development Office Ruby Rosales
Municipal Social Welfare and Development Estelita Cadiente
Municipal Health Office Edwin Cortez
Municipal Agriculture Office Engr. Allen Lebrudo
Municipal Engineering Office Norman Bautista
Municipal Budget Office Nerisa Lorenzo
Municipal Assessor Office Don Johnson Barretto Land Management Office Wilfredo Concha
Information Technology Unit Ramil Mapanoo
Office of the Building Official Julie De Guzman
Municipal Information Office Noralyn Trinidad
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
SFO1 Linaflor Villanueva Bureau of Fire Protection Teresita Samante
Municipal Local Government Operations Office Engr. Francis Tamayo
Carmona Water District Carlos Gullez
Senior Citizens Association Aileen Dearoz
Kilusan Kabalikat ng may Kapansanan para sa Kinabukasan Oscar Javier
PTC Locators’ Association Eric Obias
Golden Mile Business Park Association Rizalina Malana
Samahan ng Nagkakaisang Kababaihan ng Carmona, Inc. Mr. Armand Arboleda
Carmona Tourism Alliance Officers Bituin Ilagan
Carmona Private Schools Association Heidee Legacion Luna
DepEd District of Carmona
As a working committee, they performs the following functions in accordance with the DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2014-135:
1. Revisit the LGU vision in the context of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction planning and see whether CCA-DRR agenda is already included, if not, it is recommended to include CCA-DRR elements;
2. Prior to the assessment, gathering of relevant data from the local government, relevant national government agencies and private source is imperative and would be very helpful. Some of the important data and information that must be gathered, but not limited to, are the following:
LGU Ecological Profile (using the most recent CBMS data) Local Development Indicators System (LDIS)
Current/Updated CLUP, CDP, LDIP and ELA
Local weather & climate data (form PAGASA or DOST)
Hazard and risk maps (check PHILVOCS for geophysical hazards. MGB for other geohazard maps such as rainfall-induced landslides, storm surges, liquefaction and other development analysis from local scientific institutions from Universities and
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Colleges (local, national, international), the private sector, NGOs and projects funded by development partners).
National and LGU produced GIS maps
Other thematic maps held by government agencies Economic, Agriculture and Health data
Inventory of existing infrastructures
News clippings of climate & disaster events (if available, for a span of 20-30 years) Provincial, City, Municipal Climate Projections(refer to PAGASA and CCC websites) Other relevant information needed for vulnerability and adaptation assessment
3. Make use of other available tools and audit forms of other government agencies which are currently being used by LGUs to assess their current governance and management situation may also be used to gather additional data and information that can be used to assess and measure vulnerability of certain places, elements and sectors. Some of these tools and audit forms are:
Infrastructure Audit (this is particularly important in assessing vulnerability and sensitivity of schools and other government buildings being used as evacuation centers and command response centers)
Disaster Preparedness Audit Environmental Compliance Audit
4. Identify climate-related hazards, climate trends, anomalies and abnormalities that your LGU has observed and experienced (30 years span);
5. Conduct vulnerability adaptation assessment (VAA) by looking at three factors namely: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity
Exposure is to identify elements, places, people & sectors exposed to the climate related
and geologic hazards
Sensitivity is to determine the degree to which exposed people, places, institutions and
sectors are impacted by climate change hazards today and in the future
Adaptive capacity is to determine the coping/adaptive capacity of the people, institutions
places and sectors to the identified climate hazards
The purpose of VAA is to provide LGUs with information relevant in defending their adaptation priorities and plans. The VAA will also provides guidance in identifying where and programs, project and activities are needed to effectively manage the un-avoidable impacts of climate change
6. Ask the help of a climate science expert or Resource Persons (e.g. Climate Change Commission, scientific institutions and other Private Organizations focused on CCA/DRR issues and/or from Local Academic & Research Institutions) to interpret and translate local climate change related data and information (maybe provincial or regional in scope) into climate trends and identify/create climate change projections to be used in the different stage of LCCAP formulation
7. Prepare the result of the VAA taking into consideration the limitations in terms of scope and agreed
objectives at the beginning of the assessment process. It also important to include maps generated and all data gather as part of the annexes or attachments. The list of people, sectors and institutions who participated in the VAA process must also be included in the report for future follo-up or involvement in the implementation of adaptation options and plans.
8. Refer to the result of the VAA and Risk Analysis to determine what CC risks you want to reduce and what coping/adaptive capacities you want to enhance;
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
9. Check with the goals, objectives and targets of the LGU for the period (short term, medium terms & long term goals) as stated in the CLUP, CDP & ELA. Refer to the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP), LGU mandates and current thrusts of the national and local government for project ideas and objectives;
10. Enhance the objectives of the sectors (social, economic, infrastructure, environmental and institutional) by re-stating the current objective or create additional objectives that would address the identified vulnerabilities and risks from projected climate hazards;
11. Check with the list of PPAs and legislations as stated in the CLUP, CDP & ELA, and then refer to the result of the VAA and Risk Analysis to determine what climate change options you want to implement in the short, medium and long term plans which should include program, project and policy actions to reduce LGU’s vulnerability, develop its adaptive capacity and to build its overall resilience to climate change;
12. Although priority is given to the identification of the adaptation options, it is also strongly suggested to identify mitigation options (such as but not limited to energy and water conservation, improvements in energy and water efficiency and overall greening) to help reduce carbon footprints of the LGU and communities and contribute to the efforts of reducing our impact to the world’s climate;
13. Prioritize programs, projects and activities and identify appropriate timeline for each, then recommend policies that would enable the implementation of the prioritized adaptation and mitigation options;
14. LGU may opt to use an alternative set of criteria as given below for prioritizing adaptation and mitigation options.
CATEGORY GENERAL CRITERIA
Urgent Projects that cannot reasonably postponed
Projects that would remedy conditions dangerous to public health, safety and welfare
Projects needed to maintain critically needed programs Projects needed to meet emergency situations
Essential Projects required to complete or make usable a major public improvement
Project required to maintain minimum standards as part of ongoing program
Desirable self-liquidating projects
Repair on maintenance projects to prolong life of existing facilities
Necessary Projects that should be carried out to meet clearly identified and anticipated needs
Projects to replace obsolete or unsatisfactory facilities Repair or maintenance projects to prolong life of existing facilities
Desirable Projects needed for expansion of current programs
Projects designed to initiate new programs considered appropriate for a progressive community
Acceptable Projects that can be postponed without detriment to present operations if budget cuts are necessary
Deferrable Projects recommended for postponement or elimination from immediate consideration in the current LDIP
Projects that are questionable in terms of over-all needs, adequate planning, or proper timing
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
In addition, it may also help the LGUs if they can classify their projects as climate proofing of development projects or discrete climate change adaptation projects such as rainwater harvesting, identification and designation of no build zones.
Furthermore a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis that also considers indirect costs and benefits, non-monetary values and externalities or other tools can also be used for prioritizing options.
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
2 V
ULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
2.1 H
ISTORICAL
O
CCURRENCES
Listed below are the disasters and calamities that struck the Municipality of Carmona in recent years. As can be observed, flooding primarily near the river and canals are common whenever there is high precipitation due to typhoons and monsoon rains.
Table 9. Matrix of Disasters/Calamities in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite Barangay Nature of
Disaster
Date Affected Remarks
Specific Location Population/ households Structure 1 Flood due to typhoon Milenyo Proper 20 HHs 20 houses 2 Flood due to typhoon Ondoy Extension 7 HHs 7 houses 3 Fire incidence 02/2009 B3 3 HHs 3 apartment s 4 Fire Incidence 11-27-2011 444 JM Loyola 3 HHs 3 houses due to overheat of cellphone charger 5 flood due to Typhoon 537 JM Loyola 1 HHs 1 house damaged roofing 6 flood due to Typhoon No cases of affected HHs 7 flood due to clogged canals
09-2010 road 15 HHs 15 houses rain water
entered the affected houses which caused damage on their appliances 8 flood due to Typhoon Milenyo 2007 J. Zamora St.
2 HHs 2 House rain water
entered the affected houses flood due to Typhoon Ondoy 2009 J. Zamora St. 2 HHs 2 House 9 Flood due to typhoon Milenyo 2007 Altarez Village 2 Hhs 2 Houses Water entered inside the house because of the growth of river water flood due to Typhoon Ondoy 9-2009 Vizcarra St. 2 HHs 2 Houses Bo. S. Altarez 1 HHs 1 Houses 8-07-2012 Viscarra St. 4 HHs 4 Houses
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
Barangay Nature of Disaster
Date Affected Remarks
Specific Location Population/ households Structure Flood due to Habagat Gumamela St.- Baybay Ilog 6 HHs 6 houses Along riverbanks J.M/ Loyola St. 3 HHs 3 Houses Dahlia St. 1 HHs 1 Houses
Fire Incidence 9-14-2009 Paseo C.A. Ortiz 1 HHs 1 Houses 10 Flood due to Typhoon Milenyo 2001 San Pablo St.-Silangan 388 HH 388 houses Clogged drainage canals caused by backflowing of water Flood due to Pedring 2006 443 HH 443 houses Flood due to Typhoon Ondoy 2009 77 HH 77 houses Flood due to Habagat 2012 50 HH 50 houses 11 Flood due to Typhoon-Milenyo 09-28-2006 Mabuhay houses
Figure 4. Comparison of affected households per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
Shown in Figure 4 is a comparison of affected households per barangay of all the listed disasters/calamities in Table 9. More than half or 958 households come from Barangay Cabilang Baybay which is situated near Soro-soro and Cabilang Baybay River.
20 0 3 3 1 0 15 4 20 958 0 322 21 0 Brgy 1 Brgy 2 Brgy 3 Brgy 4 Brgy 5 Brgy 6 Brgy 7 Brgy 8 Maduya C.Baybay Mabuhay Milagrosa Lantic Bancal 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
2.2 C
LIMATE
-R
ELATED
H
AZARDS AND THEIR
I
MPACTS
A Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) study in 2011-2012 conducted by the Municipal Planning, Development and Coordinating Office (MPDO) included sets of questions that identified the vulnerability of the Municipality in climate-related hazards and their impacts, which are then used in this section.
2.2.1 Low Productivity in Agriculture
Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on specific climate conditions, thus understanding the overall effect on food supply can be very difficult. The Municipality of Carmona from agriculture has shifted dramatically to industrial and residential in recent years, be as it may percentages of lands are still allotted to such activities. Table 10 shows the remaining 127 or 0.65% of households still engaged in agriculture utilizing about 29% of the total land area. On the other hand, Table 11 shows what climate-related hazards affects the low productivity.
Table 10. Households per Barangay engaged in agriculture in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
Barangay number of
households
Households engaged in agriculture*
Magnitude* Proportion** CARMONA 19589 127 0.65 Bancal 3528 20 0.57 Cabilang Baybay 1624 7 0.43 Lantic 2283 29 1.27 Mabuhay 2228 22 0.99 Maduya 2516 20 0.79 Milagrosa 5018 21 0.42 Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 6 0.82 Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 0 0.00 Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 0 0.00 Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 0 0.00 Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00 Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 1 0.54 Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00 Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 1 0.14
Table 11. Reasons for low harvest in the agriculture sector in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
Municipality Household Reason for low harvest*
Magnitude* Proportion**
CARMONA 27
Increase in cost of farm inputs such as seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, etc.
14 56.00
Affected by drought 5 20.00
Affected by typhoon 4 16.00
Affected by flood 1 4.00
Affected by pests 3 12.00
Decrease in supply of water from the irrigation 0 0.00
Change in primary occupation of member 0 0.00
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
F ig u re 5 . Ho u s e h o ld s w it h d e c re a s e c ro p h a rv e s t i n t h e M u n ic ip a li ty o f Ca rm o n a , Cav it e
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Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024
2.2.2 Increase in Temperature
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal and is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level. In Carmona, an urbanizing municipality has been experiencing a so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect or the rise in temperature of any man-made area, resulting in a well-defined, distinct “warm island” among the “cool sea” represented by the lower temperature of the areas nearby natural landscape.
Shown in Table 12 is a summary of households that observed increase in temperature of their environment. About 37% of the total households’ number of the Municipality experiences the UHI effect with Barangay Milagrosa with the highest quantity. Consequently has the highest number of population and households given its relatively small land area.
Table 12. Households who experienced increase in temperature by Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
Barangay number of
households
Households who experienced increase in temperature*
Magnitude* Proportion** CARMONA 19589 7214 36.82 Bancal 3528 964 27.32 Cabilang Baybay 1624 546 33.62 Lantic 2283 568 24.88 Mabuhay 2228 1139 51.12 Maduya 2516 966 38.39 Milagrosa 5018 2363 47.09 Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 47 6.39 Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 115 100.00 Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 121 90.98 Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 8 4.79 Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00 Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 4 2.15 Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00 Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 373 50.82
