Hotel-Management-System

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HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

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ABSTRACT

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eZee Rewards and Loyalty is a software that can be used in the hospitality industry. Through this software the Hotel administration can manage their loyalty programs in an effective way. The Hotel Loyalty Programs can be used to entice guests into becoming a regular guest at the hotel. These programs are especially beneficial to hotel chains, where the benefits of the program can span over their entire hotel chain. Personalized service and rewards deliver exceptional experiences to guests, and make them come back for more.

The scope of the project defines only those functionalities which are provided by the eZee Rewards and Loyalty Software. On the other hand the scope of the users involved in the Rewards and Loyalty Program is defined as the roles of each user in the system and their accessibilities to the different elements and prospects within the system.

The eZee Rewards and Loyalty System will include three main users who take part in the working of the system as a complete functionality. Considering the complete functionality and interactions within the eZee Rewards and Loyalty System we will define the roles of each user along with their access permissions towards the various elements of the system.

The various users participating in the system are as follows: (i) The Hotel Administrator

(ii) The Hotel Front Desk Office

(iii) The Member ( The customer of the hotel who subscribed for the Hotel’s Rewards and Loyalty Program )

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The eZee Rewards and Loyalty includes three types of users i.e. the hotel administration, the hotel front desk office and the customers of the hotel. The Hotel Loyalty Program works primarily on the basis of the type of membership cards the hotel administration provides to its customers who subscribed for the hotel loyalty program. These membership cards represent the points allocated to the customers who subscribed for the hotel loyalty program.

The subscription to the eZee Rewards and Loyalty is offered to the customers of the hotel when they make their first reservation in the hotel. For this the hotel maintains a subscription form and is made available on the hotel’s website. The hotel can also maintain a paper form which can be given to the new customers who have made their first reservation. The hotel can also opt to send the subscription form through emails to the appropriate customers. The details of all the customers are maintained by the hotel administration as a part of the hotel’s database. The hotel is solely responsible on its decision on how to avail the subscription form to its customers.

As a default the eZee Rewards and Loyalty provides the hotel with three types of membership cards i.e. (i) Silver (ii) Gold and (iii) Platinum. The names of these membership cards can be edited as per the will of the hotel. The number of different types in the membership cards can also be edited as per the hotel’s choice.

As an initial step after buying the software, the hotel administration has to setup the configuration page of the eZee Rewards and Loyalty to determine how the points are allocated to the different subscribers of the hotel’s Loyalty program. The fields on the configuration page may include the following: (i) Points per day stay and (ii) Points for the overall amount spent. These fields in the configuration page can be edited anytime by the hotel administration.

The hotel administration will be given an address book table as a part of the software which can be updated by the hotel staff in order to maintain the records of all the subscribers of the Hotel’s Loyalty Program. This address book is supposed to be updated on a regular basis to contain the updated membership details list of all the subscribers of the Hotel’s Loyalty Program.

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Loyalty program, he/she is given a membership card of silver type. From this moment onwards Loyalty program, he/she is given a membership card of silver type. From this moment onwards the customer will be a part of the Rewards and Loyalty Program that the hotel offers. Hence the the customer will be a part of the Rewards and Loyalty Program that the hotel offers. Hence the customer becomes a subscriber for the hotel’s Rewards and Loyalty program and can now customer becomes a subscriber for the hotel’s Rewards and Loyalty program and can now increase his points of loyalty by making more and more reservations in this hotel or by spending increase his points of loyalty by making more and more reservations in this hotel or by spending on other hospitality services offered by the hotel. In this way the customer who is now a member on other hospitality services offered by the hotel. In this way the customer who is now a member of the Rewards and Loyalty program of the hotel can increase his/her points by becoming a of the Rewards and Loyalty program of the hotel can increase his/her points by becoming a regula

regular r customcustomer to er to the hotel. Moreover by the hotel. Moreover by increincreasing his/her points the customer can asing his/her points the customer can improimproveve his/her membership type so as to avail nice offers and discounts from the hotel.

his/her membership type so as to avail nice offers and discounts from the hotel.

The subscribers to this program can view their points from time to time either The subscribers to this program can view their points from time to time either through the hotels’ website or through automated mails delivered by the hotel. This depends on through the hotels’ website or through automated mails delivered by the hotel. This depends on the hotels decision on how to implement the process of delivering updates to their subscribers. the hotels decision on how to implement the process of delivering updates to their subscribers.

Whenever the subscribers have crossed the milestone of their respective Whenever the subscribers have crossed the milestone of their respective membership type, they are promoted to the next membership type and the new membership card membership type, they are promoted to the next membership type and the new membership card is posted

is posted to the to the resperespective subscribctive subscriber’s officiaer’s official l postapostal l addresaddress. s. This posting of This posting of the membershithe membershipp card is the responsibility of the front desk office of the respective hotel. All this happens when an card is the responsibility of the front desk office of the respective hotel. All this happens when an alert message triggers to the front desk office of the hotel as and when the milestones of any alert message triggers to the front desk office of the hotel as and when the milestones of any subscriber is crossed. This automated reminder can benefit the hotel’s administration by reducing subscriber is crossed. This automated reminder can benefit the hotel’s administration by reducing their overhead of maintaining and updating their customers’ membership details. It also acts as a their overhead of maintaining and updating their customers’ membership details. It also acts as a prime factor in the process of maintaining consistency in updating the records. In this way it is prime factor in the process of maintaining consistency in updating the records. In this way it is close to impossible for the management to miss on the updating of any membership account. close to impossible for the management to miss on the updating of any membership account.

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Figure:

Figure:Overview of eZee Rewards and Loyalty Overview of eZee Rewards and Loyalty SoftwareSoftware

PROJECT OVERVIEW:

This section involves the scope of the project and the scope of its users. The scope of This section involves the scope of the project and the scope of its users. The scope of the project defines only those functionalities which are provided by the eZee Rewards and the project defines only those functionalities which are provided by the eZee Rewards and Loyalty Software. On the other hand the scope of the users involved in the Rewards and Loyalty Loyalty Software. On the other hand the scope of the users involved in the Rewards and Loyalty Program is defined as the roles of each user in the system and their accessibilities to the different Program is defined as the roles of each user in the system and their accessibilities to the different elements and prospects within the system.

elements and prospects within the system.

The eZee Rewards and Loyalty System will include three main users who take part The eZee Rewards and Loyalty System will include three main users who take part in the working of the system as a complete functionality. Considering the complete functionality in the working of the system as a complete functionality. Considering the complete functionality and interactions within the eZee Rewards and Loyalty System we will define the roles of each and interactions within the eZee Rewards and Loyalty System we will define the roles of each user along with their access permissions towards the various elements of the system.

user along with their access permissions towards the various elements of the system.

The various users participating in the system are as follows: (i) The Hotel The various users participating in the system are as follows: (i) The Hotel Administrator (ii) The Hotel Front Desk Office (iii) The Member ( The customer of the hotel Administrator (ii) The Hotel Front Desk Office (iii) The Member ( The customer of the hotel who subscri

who subscribed for the Hotel’bed for the Hotel’s Rewards and Loyals Rewards and Loyalty Prograty Program ) m ) (iv) The Syst(iv) The System (or the eZeeem (or the eZee Rewards and Loyalty Software).

Rewards and Loyalty Software).

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1) Role Role Based Based AccessAccess

a)

a) The The Hotel Hotel AdminiAdministrator strator

i)

i) ConfigConfigures ures The The ConfiConfiguratiguration on PagePage

The hotel administrator is responsible for deciding on the number of points to be The hotel administrator is responsible for deciding on the number of points to be allocated per day stay and also the number of points allocated for each hospitality allocated per day stay and also the number of points allocated for each hospitality service provided by the hotel. These hospitality services may include: Reservation service provided by the hotel. These hospitality services may include: Reservation charges, Add Ons, Restaurants, Bars, Shops, Other Extra Charges depending on the charges, Add Ons, Restaurants, Bars, Shops, Other Extra Charges depending on the corresponding hotel.

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ii)

ii) CreatCreation Of ion Of A New A New Member Member

The hotel administrator can create a new user in the Rewards and Loyalty Program by The hotel administrator can create a new user in the Rewards and Loyalty Program by appr

approvioving ng the the subsubscrscriptiption ion subsubmitmitted ted by by the the cuscustomtomer er as as leglegitiitimatmate e onlonly y aftafter er reviewing his/her details completely.

reviewing his/her details completely.

iii) Creation Of The Subscription Form For The Rewards And Loyalty Program iii) Creation Of The Subscription Form For The Rewards And Loyalty Program

The hotel administrator can design the subscription form for making it available to all The hotel administrator can design the subscription form for making it available to all the customers who are new to the hotel. Having made their first reservation, these the customers who are new to the hotel. Having made their first reservation, these customers are provided with the subscription form.

customers are provided with the subscription form.

iv) Making The Subscription Form Available To The New Customers iv) Making The Subscription Form Available To The New Customers

The hotel administrator can do this in

The hotel administrator can do this in three ways as mentioned below:three ways as mentioned below:

•

• The form can be made available on the hotel’s website.The form can be made available on the hotel’s website. •

• The form can be mailed to his new customers ( i.e. those customers who haveThe form can be mailed to his new customers ( i.e. those customers who have

just made their first reservation in the hotel ). just made their first reservation in the hotel ).

•

• The form can be handed over in hand at the time when the customer makesThe form can be handed over in hand at the time when the customer makes

his/her reservation for the first time in the hotel. his/her reservation for the first time in the hotel.

v)

v) Manage Manage ExistExisting ing MembeMembersrs

•

• The hotel administrator has the access to all his subscribers’ information andThe hotel administrator has the access to all his subscribers’ information and

can therefore communicate with them. He can send automated messages to his can therefore communicate with them. He can send automated messages to his eligible subscribers about any offers or discounts which are announced.

eligible subscribers about any offers or discounts which are announced.

•

• The hotel The hotel adminadministristrator can ator can send alert messages to send alert messages to the existing Rewards andthe existing Rewards and

Loyalty members ( i.e. customers who have subscribed for the Rewards and Loyalty members ( i.e. customers who have subscribed for the Rewards and Loyalty Program ) regarding their membership expiry issues.

Loyalty Program ) regarding their membership expiry issues.

•

• The hotel administrator maintains the details of all the members of the hotel’sThe hotel administrator maintains the details of all the members of the hotel’s

Rewards and Loyalty Program. Rewards and Loyalty Program.

•

• Apart from details in the form of data records and tables like address book theApart from details in the form of data records and tables like address book the

hotel administrator also maintains and generates reports for details of all the hotel administrator also maintains and generates reports for details of all the subscribers to the hotel’s Rewards and Loyalty Program.

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vi) Maintains Information About Cards To Be Sent

The hotel administrator maintains a list of all the cards that are to be delivered to the respective

members of the Rewards and Loyalty Program along with their complete details. This list may include members who have lost their membership cards and also the new members of the Rewards and Loyalty Program.

vii)Reward Redemption

The hotel administrator maintains all the details of reward redemption and the members associated with this functionality.

b) The Hotel Front Desk Office

i) Delivers Membership Cards To Members

• The Front Desk Office is prompted when there is a member whose

membership points cross the milestone of the respective membership card type. In this case the front desk office is responsible for delivering the updated card to the respective member of the Rewards and Loyalty Program.

• The Front Desk Office is also responsible for delivering membership cards to

all the members of the list given by the hotel administrator. This list includes the members who have lost their membership cards and have applied for new ones and also those members who are new to the Rewards and Loyalty Program and are yet to receive their default membership cards.

c) The Member

i) View The Member’s Profile Page

The members i.e. the customers who have subscribed for the Rewards and Loyalty Program of the hotel can view their profile page in the hotel’s website under the

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Rewards and Loyalty section. This profile page also contains the Rewards and Loyalty points of the member along with the membership details.

ii) Apply For A New Membership Card

The member can apply for a new membership card in case he/she loses their card.

iii) Interact With The Front Desk Office

The member can interact with the front desk office of the hotel for any kind of enquiries.

d) The System ( or the eZee Rewards and Loyalty Software )

i) Maintains The Configuration Page

The latest configuration details are maintained. These details are available for the hotel administrator to modify whenever necessary. The hotel administrator can find these details on the configuration page in the Rewards and Loyalty section of the hotel’s website.

ii) Maintains A View/Modify Page

This page is only available for the hotel administrator to modify or update its members’ membership details.

iii) Maintains A Search Page

This is provided for the hotel administrator and the hotel front desk office. Through this a search can be made possible for a member’s details or for a particular reservation’s details.

iv) Maintains A Reports Page

Through this the system generates reports for the different users and also for the different reservations related to the hotel. This pages accessibility can be defined by the hotel administrator.

2) This page includes a confirmation message for making a reservation in the hotel. Hence this page is seen when a user makes a reservation in the hotel.

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3) This page also includes two options. These are respectively for viewing the user’s profile if he/she is already a member in the Rewards and Loyalty Program of the hotel and for viewing the Rewards and Loyalty Form for subscribing for the Rewards and Loyalty Program of the hotel if he/she is new to this program.

SOFTWARE & HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Software:

Server Side:

Microsoft Windows XP

Internet explorer 5.0 or above or Netscape navigator. Java 6.0 Eclipse 3.4(IDE) Jboss 4.2.3GA(AS) Mysql 5.0 (DB) Navicat( DB client) Client Side:

Any Web Browser on any Windows operating system.

Hardware:

Pentium Dual Core Processor.

1.87 GB RAM.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:

eZee Rewards and Loyalty is a software that can be used in the hospitality industry. Through this software the Hotel administration can manage their loyalty programs in an effective way. The Hotel Loyalty Programs can be used to entice guests into becoming a regular guest at the hotel. These programs are especially beneficial to hotel chains, where the benefits of the program can span over their entire hotel chain. Personalized service and rewards deliver exceptional experiences to guests, and make them come back for more.

The system will be divided into the following subsystems.

 _User

 _{Get Information}

eZee Loyalty and Rewards is a Web Application. In this system administrator collects the information from different hotels. eZee Loyalty and Rewards system administrator contacts the specified rooms and collects the information and update the information time to time and store in database in a flexible manner.

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SPECIFICATION:

The scopes of eZee Loyalty and Rewards are:

 _{The scope of the project defines only those functionalities which are provided by the}

eZee Rewards and Loyalty Software.

 _{The scope of the users involved in the Rewards and Loyalty Program is defined as the}

roles of each user in the system and their accessibilities to the different elements and prospects within the system..

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User Module Tasks:

Create a separate Menu item in eZeeFrontOffice application called “Loyalty and Rewards”

In that create the following sub menu items viz., Menu Structure

Loyalty and Rewards

 _Configure  _{Membership Levels}  _Points o Metric Types o Qualification Metrics o Points Allocation o Points Purchase o Rewards  _{Membership Details}  _{Add/View/Modify}  _Search  _Reports

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FEASIBILITY STUDY

TECHINICAL FEASIBILITY:

Evaluating the technical feasibility is the trickiest part of a feasibility study. This is because, .at this point in time, not too many detailed design of the system, making it difficult to access issues like performance, costs on (on account of the kind of technology to be deployed) etc. A number of issues have to be considered while doing a technical

analysis.

i) Understand the different technologies involved in the proposed system:

Before commencing the project, we have to be very clear about what are the technologies that are to be required for the development of the new system.

ii) Find out whether the organization currently possesses the required technologies:

o Is the required technology available with the organization? o If so is the capacity sufficient?

For instance –

“Will the current printer be able to handle the new reports and forms required for the new system?”

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY:

Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information systems that will meet the organizations operating requirements. Simply stated, this test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed. Are there major barriers to Implementation? Here are questions that will help test the operational feasibility of a project:

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 _{Is there sufficient support for the project from management from users? If the current}

system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able to see reasons for change, there may be resistance.

 _{Are the current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not, Users may}

welcome a change that will bring about a more operational and useful systems.

 _{Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the project?}  _{Early involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and in}  _{General and increases the likelihood of successful project.}

Since the proposed system was to help reduce the hardships encountered. In the existing manual system, the new system was considered to be operational feasible.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY:

Economic feasibility attempts 2 weigh the costs of developing and implementing a new system, against the benefits that would accrue from having the new system in place. This feasibility study gives the top management the economic justification for the new system.

A simple economic analysis which gives the actual comparison of costs and benefits are much more meaningful in this case. In addition, this proves to be a useful point of reference to compare actual costs as the project progresses. There could be various types of intangible benefits on account of automation. These could include increased customer satisfaction, improvement in product quality better decision making timeliness of information, expediting activities, improved accuracy of operations, better documentation and record keeping, faster retrieval of information, better employee morale.

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

Data flows are data structures in motion, while data stores are data structures. Data flows are paths or ‘pipe lines’, along which data structures travel, where as the data stores are place where data structures are kept until needed.

Data flows are data structures in motion, while data stores are data structures at rest. Hence it is possible that the data flow and the data store would be made up of the same data structure.

Data flow diagrams is a very handy tool for the system analyst because it gives the analyst the overall picture of the system, it is a diagrammatic approach.

A DFD is a pictorial representation of the path which data takes From its initial interaction with the existing system until it completes any interaction. The diagram will describe the logical data flows dealing the movements of any physical items. The DFD also gives the insight into the data that is used in the system i.e., who actually uses it is temporarily stored.

A DFD does not show a sequence of steps. A DFD only shows what the different process in a system is and what data flows between them.

The following are some DFD symbols used in the project

External entities

DATAFLOWS

Process: A transaction of information that resides within the bounds of the system to be module.

DATASTORE: A repository of data that is to be stored for use by one or more processes, may be as simple as buffer of queue or as a relational

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RULES FOR DFD:

• Fix the scope of the system by means of context diagrams.

• Organize the DFD so that the main sequence of the actions reads left to

right and top to bottom.

• Identify all inputs and outputs.

• Identify and label each process internal to the system with rounded circles. • A process is required for all the data transformation and transfers.

Therefore, never connect a data store to a data source or the destinations or another data store with just a data flow arrow.

• Do not indicate hardware and ignore control information.

• Make sure the names of the processes accurately convey everything the

process is done.

• There must not be unnamed process.

• Indicate external sources and destinations of the data, with squares. • Number each occurrence of repeated external entities.

• Identify all data flows for each process step, except simple Record

retrievals.

• Label data flow on each arrow. • Use details flow on each arrow.

• Use the details flow arrow to indicate data movements. • There can’t be unnamed data flow.

• A data flow can’t connect two external entity.

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The complexity of the business system means that it is a responsible to represent the operations of any system of single data flow diagram. At the top level, an Overview of the different systems in an organization is shown by the way of context analysis diagram. When exploded into DFD

They are represented by:

• LEVEL-0 : SYSTEM INPUT/OUTPUT

• LEVEL-1 : SUBSYSTEM LEVEL DATAFLOW FUNCTIONAL

• LEVEL-2 : FILE LEVEL DETAIL DATA FLOW.

The input and output data shown should be consistent from one level to the next.

LEVEL-0: SYSTEM INPUT/OUTPUT LEVEL

A level-0 DFD describes the system-wide boundaries, dealing inputs to and outputs from the system and major processes. This diagram is similar to the combined user-level context diagram.

LEVEL-1: SUBSYSTEM LEVEL DATA FLOW

A level-1 DFD describes the next level of details within the system, detailing the data flows between subsystems, which makeup the whole.

LEVEL-2: FILE LEVEL DETAIL DATA FLOW

All the projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time. It is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the project at the earliest possible time. Feasibility and the risk analysis are pertained in many ways. If project risk is great.

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ER DIAGRAMS

UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE DIAGRAMS

• The unified modeling language allows the software engineer to express an

analysis model using the modeling notation that is governed by a set of syntactic semantic and pragmatic rules.

• A UML system is represented using five different views that describe the

system from distinctly different perspective. Each view is defined by a set of diagram, which is as follows.

• User Model View

i. This view represents the system from the users perspective.

ii. The analysis representation describes a usage scenario from the end-users perspective.

Structural model view

 _{In this model the data and functionality are arrived from inside the}

system.

 _{This model view models the static structures.}

Behavioral Model View

 _{It represents the dynamic of behavioral as parts of the system,}

depicting the interactions of collection between various structural elements described in the user model and structural model view. Implementation Model View

 In this the structural and behavioral as parts of the system are

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Environmental Model View

In this the structural and behavioral aspects of the environment in which the system is to be implemented are represented.

UML is specifically constructed through two different domains they are

 UML Analysis modeling, which focuses on the user model and

structural model views of the system.

 _{UML design modeling, which focuses on the behavioral modeling,}

implementation modeling and environmental model views.

Use case Diagrams represent the functionality of the system from a user’s point of view. Use cases are used during requirements elicitation and analysis to represent the functionality of the system. Use cases focus on the behavior of the system from external point of view.

Actors are external entities that interact with the system. Examples of actors include users like administrator, bank customer …etc., or another system like central database.

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Use Case diagram Admin: eZee Loyalty and Rewards Admin Login Password Configure Search Add/View Reports

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Use Case Diagram User : eZee Loyalty and Rewards User Registration Login Forgot Password Update Profile View Details Get Rooms Log Out

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Sequence Diagram - eZee Loyalty and Rewards (Admin Login)

Administrator Login Home Data Base

1 : Login()

2 : I nvalid Data()

3 : Re quest to DB()

4 : Response from DB()

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User Login Sequence

U se r Lo gin Home Data Base

1 : Log in()

2 : Inv alid Data()

3 : R e quest t o D B( )

4 : R esponse from DB()

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User Activities

U s e r P a s w o r d V ie w M o d if y D a t a Ba s e 1 : C ha ng e () 2 : Vie w o w n D e ta ils( ) 3 : M o dif y () 4 : S a v e () 5 : S a v e ( ) 6 : S a v e ( )

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SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Client Server Over view:

With the varied topic in existence in the fields of computers, Client Server is one, which has generated more heat than light, and also more hype than reality. This technology has acquired a certain critical mass attention with its dedication conferences and magazines. Major computer vendors such as IBM and DEC; have declared that Client Servers is their main future market. A survey of DBMS magazine reveled that 76% of its readers were actively looking at the client server solution. The growth in the client server development tools from $200 million in 1992 to more than $1.2 billion in 1996.

Client server implementations are complex but the underlying concept is simple and powerful. A client is an application running with local resources but able to request the database and relate the services from separate remote server. The software mediating this client server interaction is often referred to as MIDDLEWARE.

The typical client either a PC or a Work Station connected through a network to a more powerful PC, Workstation, Midrange or Main Frames server usually capable of handling request from more than one client. However, with some configuration server may also act as client. A server may need to access other server in order to process the original client request.

The key client server idea is that client as user is essentially insulated from the physical location and formats of the data needs for their application. With the proper middleware, a client input from or report can transparently access and manipulate both local database on the client machine and remote databases on one or more servers. An added bonus is the client server opens the door to multi-vendor database access indulging heterogeneous table joins.

What is a Client Server

Two prominent systems in existence are client server and file server systems. It is essential to distinguish between client servers and file server systems. Both provide shared

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network access to data but the comparison dens there! The file server simply provides a remote disk drive that can be accessed by LAN applications on a file-by-file basis. The client server offers full relational database services such as SQL-Access, Record modifying, Insert, Delete with full relational integrity backup/ restore performance for high volume of transactions, etc. the client server middleware provides a flexible interface between client and server, who does what, when and to whom.

Why Client Server

Client server has evolved to solve a problem that has been around since the earliest days of computing: how best to distribute your computing, data generation and data storage resources in order to obtain efficient, cost effective departmental an enterprise wide data processing. During mainframe era choices were quite limited. A central machine housed both the CPU and DATA (cards, tapes, drums and later disks). Access to these resources was initially confined to batched runs that produced departmental reports at the appropriate intervals. A strong central information service department ruled the corporation. The role of the rest of the corporation limited to requesting new or more frequent reports and to provide hand written forms from which the central data banks were created and updated. The earliest client server solutions therefore could best be characterized as “SLAVE-MASTER”.

Time-sharing changed the picture. Remote terminal could view and even change the central data, subject to access permissions. And, as the central data banks evolved in to sophisticated relational database with non-programmer query languages, online users could formulate adhoc queries and produce local reports with out adding to the MIS applications software backlog. However remote access was through dumb terminals, and the client server remained subordinate to the Slave\Master.

Front end or User Interface Design

The entire user interface is planned to be developed in browser specific environment with a touch of Intranet-Based Architecture for ach ieving the Distributed Concept.

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The browser specific components are designed by using the HTML standards, and the dynamism of the designed by concentrating on the constructs of the Java Server Pages.

Communication or Database Connectivity Tier

The Communication architecture is designed by concentrating on the Standards of Servlets and Enterprise Java Beans. The database connectivity is established by using the Java Data Base Connectivity.

The standards of three-tire architecture are given major concentration to keep the standards of higher cohesion and limited coupling for effectiveness of the operations.

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SYSTEM TESTING

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Testing is the process of detecting errors. Testing performs a very critical role for quality assurance and for ensuring the reliability of software. The results of testing are used later on during maintenance also.

Psychology of Testing

The aim of testing is often to demonstrate that a program works by showing that it has no errors. The basic purpose of testing phase is to detect the errors that may be present in the program. Hence one should not start testing with the intent of showing that a program works, but the intent should be to show that a program doesn’t work. Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.

Testing Objectives

The main objective of testing is to uncover a host of errors, systematically and with minimum effort and time. Stating formally, we can say,

 _{Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.}  _{A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.}

 _{A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding error, if it exists.}  _{The tests are inadequate to detect possibly present errors.}

 _{The software more or less confirms to the quality and reliable standards.}

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In order to uncover the errors present in different phases we have the concept of levels of testing. The basic levels of testing are as shown below…

Client Needs

Requirements

Design

Code

System Testing

The philosophy behind testing is to find errors. Test cases are devised with this in mind. A strategy employed for system testing is code testing.

Code Testing:

This strategy examines the logic of the program. To follow this method we developed some test data that resulted in executing every instruction in the program and module i.e. every path is tested. Systems are not designed as entire nor are they tested as single systems. To ensure that the coding is perfect two types of testing is performed or for that matter is performed or that matter is performed or for that matter is performed on all systems.

Types Of Testing

Acceptance Testing System Testing Integration Testing Unit Testing

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 _{Unit Testing}

 _{Link Testing}

Unit Testing

Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software i.e. the module. Using the detailed design and the process specifications testing is done to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. All modules must be successful in the unit test before the start of the integration testing begins.

In this project each service can be thought of a module. There are so many modules like Login, HWAdmin, MasterAdmin, Normal User, and PManager. Giving different sets of inputs has tested each module. When developing the module as well as finishing the development so that each module works without any error. The inputs are validated when accepting from the user.

In this application developer tests the programs up as system. Software units in a system are the modules and routines that are assembled and integrated to form a specific function. Unit testing is first done on modules, independent of one another to locate errors. This enables to detect errors. Through this errors resulting from interaction between modules initially avoided.

Link Testing

Link testing does not test software but rather the integration of each module in system. The primary concern is the compatibility of each module. The Programmer tests where modules are designed with different parameters, length, type etc.

Integration Testing

After the unit testing we have to perform integration testing. The goal here is to see if modules can be integrated properly, the emphasis being on testing interfaces between modules. This testing activity can be considered as testing the design and hence the emphasis on testing module interactions.

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In this project integrating all the modules forms the main system. When integrating all the modules I have checked whether the integration effects working of any of the services by giving different combinations of inputs with which the two services run perfectly before Integration.

System Testing

Here the entire software system is tested. The reference document for this process is the requirements document, and the goal is to see if software meets its requirements.

Here entire ‘ATM’ has been tested against requirements of project and it is checked whether all requirements of project have been satisfied or not.

Acceptance Testing

Acceptance Test is performed with realistic data of the client to demonstrate that the software is working satisfactorily. Testing here is focused on external behavior of the system; the internal logic of program is not emphasized.

In this project ‘Network Management Of Database System’ I have collected some data and tested whether project is working correctly or not.

Test cases should be selected so that the largest number of attributes of an equivalence class is exercised at once. The testing phase is an important part of software development. It is the process of finding errors and missing operations and also a complete verification to determine whether the objectives are met and the user requirements are satisfied.

White Box Testing

This is a unit testing method where a unit will be taken at a time and tested thoroughly at a statement level to find the maximum possible errors. I tested step wise every piece of code, taking care that every statement in the code is executed at least once. The white box testing is also called Glass Box Testing.

I have generated a list of test cases, sample data, which is used to check all possible combinations of execution paths through the code at every module level.

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Black Box Testing

This testing method considers a module as a single unit and checks the unit at interface and communication with other modules rather getting into details at statement level. Here the module will be treated as a block box that will take some input and generate output. Output for a given set of input combinations are forwarded to other modules.

Criteria Satisfied by Test Cases

Test cases that reduced by a count that is greater than one, the number of additional test cases that much be designed to achieve reasonable testing.

Test cases that tell us something about the presence or absence of classes of errors, rather than an error associated only with the specific test at hand.

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SOFTWARE TOOLS

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The method being used in developing the system is the system Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The SDLC process includes project identification and selection, project initiation and planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance.

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Figure 2.4: Waterfall Model (SDLC)

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION

PROJECT INITIATION AND PLANNING

ANALYSIS

LOGICAL DESIGN

PHYSICAL DESIGN

IMPLEMENTATION

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The system Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain and replace or enhance information system. The main reason SDLC model is chosen because in SDLC it is possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with some activities of another phase. The life cycle can also be interactive that is phase are repeated as required until an acceptable system is found.

1.4.1.1 Phase 1: Project identification and selection

In this phase the project information system needs are identified and analyzed such as identified the title of the project that is Web Based XpathAnalyzer, scope and objective of the Web Based XpathAnalyzer.

1.4.1.2 Phase 2: Project initiation and planning

During this phase the Gantt chart has been developed as a time line to determining the task involve in developing the Web Based XpathAnalyzer.

1.4.1.3 Phase 3: Analysis

In the phase, the exiting system is studies by collecting the information through the Internet and analyzed the information to get alternatives for the used of proposed system. Determine what the Web Based XpathAnalyzer should do.

1.4.1.4 Phase 4: Design

Logical design is the fourth phase in SDLC methodology. The functional features chosen for the proposed system in Analysis phase are described. Part of the logical design of the information system is to devise the user interface. The interface plays an important role to connect the user with the system and is thus extremely important.

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TECHNICAL NOTES

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• Microsoft Visual Studio-2007 2.0 Framework

• Microsoft MYSQL-5.0.51b-win32

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CONCLUSION

The entire project has been developed and deployed as per the requirements stated by the user, it is found to be bug free as per the testing standards that are implemented. Any specification untraced errors will be concentrated in the coming versions, which are planned to be developed in near future.

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Hotel-Management-System