High Rise Case Study1

(1)

KANCHANJUNGA

APARTMENT

Bombay, India, 1970-1983

Architect: Charles Correa Program: Residential

Plot Area: 2900m2

Building Footprint: 432 m2 Gross Floor Area: 5,260 m2 Height: 84 m

Floor counts: 28 stories Lifts: 3 + 1

Status: Constructed

LINKED HYBRID

Beijing, China, 2007

Architect: Steven Holl Architects Client: Modern Investment Grp Program: Mixed-Use

Plot Area: 61.800 m2

Building Footprint: 15,500 sq.m Gross Floor Area: 2,21,000 sq.m Height: 68 m

Floor counts: 21 stories Lifts: 34

TAIPEI 101

Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004

Architect: C.Y. Lee & partners

Client: Taipei Financial Center Corp Program: Commercial

Building Footprint: 2500 m2 Gross Floor Area: 412.500 m2 Height: 508 m

Floor counts: 101 stories Cost US$: 1.6 billion

Lifts: 61

KOHINOOR SQUARE

Dadar, Mumbai, 2009-15

Architect: SSA Architects, Mumbai Client: The Kohinoor Group

Program: Mixed-Use Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m

Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m for commercial Height: 203 meters Main building,

142 meters Residence Building

Floor counts: 52 stories, 28 stories Cost US$: 0.33 billion

Lifts: 28

Status: Under-Constructed

AQUARIA GRANDE

Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004

Architect: james Law Client: Wadhwa Group

Program: Residential

Building Footprint: 13,680 sq.m Gross Floor Area: 30,500 sq.m Height: 164 m , Two tower

CASE STUDIES

KOHINOOR SQUARE

Dadar, Mumbai, 2009-15

Architect: SSA Architects, Mumbai Client: The Kohinoor Group

Program: Mixed-Use Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m

Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m for Office Height: 203 meters Main building,

Lifts: 28(24+4) Status: Under-Constructed Parking -3500 132 residential units

MIXED-USE

HIGH RISE

Beijing Taipei Mumbai

01 KOHINOOR

SQUARE

INTRODUCTION

Mixed-use High Rise Habitat is—in a broad sense—any urban,

suburban development, or even a single building, that blends a

combination of residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or

industrial uses, where those functions are physically and

functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections.

NEED OF PROJECT

Since the 1990s, mixed-use zoning has once again become desirable as the benefits are recognized. These benefits include

• greater housing variety and density

• reduced distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses, and other destinations

• more compact development

• stronger neighborhood character

• pedestrian and bicycle-friendly environments

Mumbai currently faces Space shortage issue and various social issues one of which is travelling from one end to another. A resilient mixed-used complex is an attempt to Address these issues.

OBJECTIVE: TO study Mixed-use Habitat in context to Mumbai _{OBJECTIVE: To understand programmatic planning of urban space at}

community level or mixed –use habitat at international level

OBJECTIVE: TO study vernacular in high rise in context to Mumbai

OBJECTIVE: TO study The Structural concept implied for a high ride building

OBJECTIVE:

TO study A high Rise structure according to the DCR for Mumbai

• The Climate of Mumbai is a tropical wet and dry climate.

• Mumbai's climate can be best

described as moderately hot with high level of humidity.

• Its coastal nature and tropical location ensures temperatures won't fluctuate much throughout the year.

• The mean average is 27.2 °C

Climate of Mumbai

Site &

Surrounding

In India, Aquaria Grande is located Borivali, a suburb of Mumbai. The site is surrounded by a dense Low-Rise

residential areas hence its Tallest structure in the vicinity.

There are many parks and schools as well near to the site

OBJECTIVE: To study planning and design of Mixed-use High rise in context to Mumbai Sr PROJECT NAME LOCATIO

N TYPE SELECTION CRITERIA

1 KOHINOOR SQUARE MUMBAI MIXED USE FIRST MIXED USED HIGH RISE IN MUMBAI 2 KANCHANJUNGA

APT. MUMABI RESIDENTAIL ONE OF THE FISRT HIGH RISE STURUCRE 3 AQUARIA GRANDE MUMBAI RESIDENTAIL HIGH RISE STRUCTURE

ABIDING DCR RULES

Sr PROJECT NAME LOCATIO

N TYPE SELECTION CRITERIA

1 LINKED HYBRID BEIJING

,CHINA MIXED USE A 3D URBAN STURCUTRE

OF MIXED HIGH RISE 2 TAIPEI 101 TAIPEI,

TAIWAN COMMERCIAL ICONIC STRUCTURE

L I V E L I T E R A T U R E PRATEEK SRIVASTAVA Vth Year B.ARCH MIT-Aurangabad

(2)

The design of the building makes it environmentally friendly, using

technologies such as floor-to-ceiling insulated glazing to contain

heat and maximize natural light, and an automatic daylight dimming

system. The tower also features a greywater system, which

captures rainwater for reuse. Kohinoor group pvt ltd. States that the

building is made largely of recycled and recyclable materials. Air

entering the building is filtered, as is common, but the air exhausted

is cleaned as well. The Kohinoor square building is one of the first

skyscraper building in india to achieve a leadership in energy and

environmental design platinum rating for environmental

sustainability a gold (leed) certification from green building council.

Construction of the Kohinoor square started in early 2009, with an

completion date of march 2013.

The combined pile raft foundation (cprf) is a geotechnical

composite Construction that combines the bearing effect of

both foundation elements raft and Piles by taking into

account interactions between the foundation elements and

the

Subsoil the piled raft foundation system has recently been

widely used for many structures, especially high rise

buildings. In this foundation, the piles play an important role

in settlement and differential settlement reduction, and thus

can lead to economical design without compromising the

safety of the structure. In several design cases, the piles are

allowed to yield under the design load. Although the load

capacity of the pile is exceeded, the piled raft foundation can

hold additional loads with controllable settlement. Thus,

accurately determining the settlement of the foundation is

critical and for this the designers must consider the role of

the raft and the role of piles in combination, as well as the

interactions between the foundation’s components.

02 KOHINOOR

SQUARE

Floor Plan Analysis

11

th

_{to 24}

th

_Floor

11

th

_{to 24}

th

_Floor

25

th

_{to 39}

th

_Floor

• The Central Core is surrounded by

the office spaces and refuge areas

(at 24 meter of height)

• There are segregated office space

from 2

nd

_{to 24}

th

_{floor with toilets to}

each office and a common toilet s

also provided on all these floors.

Central core consist of

• 3 Lobbies of 6 Lifts serving levels

25

th

_{to 39}

th

• Spaces between the lifts where a lift

lobby is not provided are used as

toilets with dust at either side: 2 lifts

from this pack of 6 are assessable to

lower floors as well

• 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1

st

_to

24

th

• There is a lift bank at 24

th

_{floor .}

• 2 services lifts travelling Throughout

the building

• 2 Stair cases are also placed in the

core

Residential Tower

132 units from 14

th

_{to 26}

th

_floor

13 Stories of Parking below

PARKING-3500 (brought from BMC)

Central core serves 3 lifts and 1

services lifts

There are 8 units on each floor

6 on 17

th

_{floor which is refuge floor}

UNITS- 2.5 bhk 3bhk 3.5 bhk

10% 26% 16% 11% 21% 13% 3%

Sales

Hotel Office Residential Retail Parking Services Recreational ground

Refuge Floors

At 11

th

_{floor the first refuge floor is}

provided

DCR RULE

In case of high-rise bldg. more than 30

m then first refuge floor shall be

provided at 24 m or first habitable floor

whichever is higher. Thereafter at every

seventh habitable floor.

PLIE FOUNDATION USED

Structural

Glazing

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KANCHANJUNGA APT.

Bombay, India, 1970-1983

Architect: Charles Correa Client:

-Plot Area: 2900m2 Building Footprint: 432 m2 Gross Floor Area: 5,260 m2 Height: 84 m Cost $ Unknown - Lifts: 3 + 1 Status: Constructed

Concept

CONCEPT OF THE ARCHITECT

The Tower is one of the masterpieces of Indian architect, Charleas Correa. Kanchanjunga Apartments is a 28 story height high end residential building built in Bombay, 1983. It was clear that the architect has reference to Lecorbusier’s crossover units in Unit habitation in Marseilles in 1952. Correa planned the 3 and 4 bedroom units interlocking with 5 and 6 bedroom units. 3-4 bedroom units occupies on and half level, and 5-6 bedroom units occupies two and half levels. There are small level displacement within the units to differenciate outdoor terrace and indoor living space, dining room and bedrooms and so on. These change of levels hide the living and bed rooms from the heat of sun and rains, while the big opening of balcony could get as much day light as possible. The whole building structure is built by reinforced concrete. The open terrace part is a 6m deep cantilever structure. Central core with lifts and shafts and building services so it also provide central stability element for lateral loads.

The appearance of the building has strong resemblance of modern western building design. Especially the white plain surface with concrete construction. But the apartment design is an interperation of traditional Indian bungalow with verandah which is a main part of living area of indian family.

The tower is 21m square on plan, and 1:4 proportion on elevation, 84m height. It has a plain facade surface, with cut away to open up double height balcony.

EXTRA TEXT EXPLANATION

The tower design reinterperated the traditional living style of indian with modern architecture. And it is succesfully merged with environmential consideration, and social needs in this tower. Correa’s strong design signiture of sectional displacement where appropriate by changes in ﬂoor surface is most elaborated in this project. The complexity of internal spacial organization to create level changes and interlocking four types of units was pushed to an extreme in this project..

The building is oriented in east- west direction to catch the natural wind from the sea and also this direction has best view from city to the sea. But this face is also most heat up surface by the sun. The old bungalows solved this problem by warpping a thick layer of around living area verandas to protect from heay monsoon rain and sun heat. Kanchanjuna Apartment is applying this concept into the apartment design.

EVOLUTIONARY ABOUT THE CONCEPT

KANCHANJUNGA

APARTMENT

03 The architect, Charles Correa,from

india and was born in1930. Started

his private practice in 1958 in

Bombay. He was at the age of 40

when the Kanchanjunga

Apartments project began

Charles correa

bombay,india

1970-1983

MAIN ENTRY PARKING ENRTY PARKING EXIT

OBJECTIVE: TO study vernacular in

high rise in context to Mumbai

Site & Surroundings

In India Kanchanjunga is located in Pedder Road of Greater

Mumbai, The Island city. Near the site to the west is the Arabian sea and the neigh hood is

surrounded by many high rise structures influenced by

Kanchanjunga as it was the First High rise in the area

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KANCHANJUNGA

APARTMENT

04 STRUCTURE

Whole structure is made of reinforced concrete. The building is a 32 storied rein-forced concrete structure With 6.3 m cantilevered open terraces. The central core houses

lifts and other services also provides the main structural element for resisting lateral

loads. The central core was constructed ahead of the main structure by slip method of construction. This technique was used

for the first time in India for a

multi-storied building.

MATERIALS&COLOURS

With its concrete

construction and large areas of white panels, bears a strong

resemblance to modern apartment buildings in the west. However, the garden terraces of Kanchanjunga apartments are actually a modern interpretation of a feature of the traditional Indian bungalows the verandah. In a bungalow, the verandah wraps the main living area. According to the architect there are some elements to combine the whole city as form axis of color. The color expert says that “the quality of sunlight, climate and culture influence color

choices : hence one would observe a preference for blue and its shades in the west while in India and other Asian countries one finds a predominance of reds and yellows

Great deal of transparency has been achieved by the use of large opening and terrace gardens on every floor. Because of American training, Correa has rarely been tempted to import Western ideas into India. Like most architects of his generation he has been influenced by Le Corbusier, but by his response to the Mediterranean sun with his “Great sculptural decisions (the over-hangs, the double-heights), placed facing the elements”.

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Total bldg. :

Wing – A : 2 basements + 3 podiums

+ stilt + 32 upper floors.

Wing – B : 2 basements + 3 podiums

+ stilt + 32 upper floors.

Total height : 137.15 mts.

Total no. of flats : 202 Residential flats.

AQUARIA GRANDE

05

2

nd

_Podium

1

st

_Podium

3

rd

_Podium



THE

RESIDENTIAL

DEVELOPMENT

IS

PROPOSED

BY

DEMOLISHING

THE

EXISTING STRUCTURES.



THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PROPERTY

HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS A RESIDENTIAL

DEVELOPMENT

ALONG

WITH

PUBLIC

PARKING DCR 33(24).



AREA OF THE PLOT : 13678.70 sq.mts.



PROPOSAL TO BUILD A RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING WITH 2 BASEMENTS, 3 LEVEL

PODIUMS, AND SUPER STRUCTURE WING

– A, WING – B UPTO STILT + 32 UPPER

FLOORS WITH 180 FLATS & WING – C AS

THE CLUB HOUSE.



TOTAL HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING 137.15

meters.

Stilt

Refuge Floor

SECTION

AQUARIA GRANDE

MUMBAI,INDIA

Architect: james Law Client: Wadhwa Group

Program: Residential

Building Footprint: 13,680 sq.m Gross Floor Area: 30,500 sq.m Height: 164 m , Two tower

Status: Constructed Parking- 409

202 residential units

OBJECTIVE:

TO study A high Rise structure according to the DCR of Mumbai

Site & surroundings

In India, Aquaria Grande is located Borivali, a suburb of Mumbai. The site is surrounded by a dense Low-Rise residential areas hence its Tallest structure in the vicinity. There are many parks and schools as well near to the site

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Lower Basement

Upper Basement

• CLUB HOUSE INCLUDES GYM, SWIMMING

POOL, RESTAURANT & BAR.

• CLUB HOUSE IS FOR BOTH BUILDING

MEMBERS & OTHER MEMBERS.

• IT HAS SEPARATE ENTRANCE ALSO.

• IT IS ALSO HAVING BANQUET HALL.

• IT ALSO INCLUDES SPORTS CLUB WITH

BADMINTON CLUB, SNOOKER TABLE, SQUASH

COURT.

CLUB HOUSE & OTHER AMMENITIES

No. of staircases / wing : 2 nos. ( 2.00mts.

each )

No. of lifts / wing : 3 passenger lifts @ 1

service lift.

Refuge floors : 5

th,

₁₁

th

_{, 17}

th

_{, 23}

rd

_{& 29}

th

SECTION

SHOWING

REFUGE FLOORS

WHICH IS 4%

AREA OF THE

HABITABLE ZONE

ABOVE

Refuge floors

: 5

th,

₁₁

th

_{, 17}

th

_,

23

rd

_{& 29}

th

Carpet Areas

Rule (DCR)

No. of Flats

Parking

Required

Below 35.00 sq.mt.

1 for 4 flats

--

35.00 to 45.00

sq.mt.

1 for 2 flats

--

45.00 to 70.00

sq.mt.

1 for 1 flat

--

Above 70.00 sq.mt.

2 for 1 flat

180

360 Total

360 Visitors parking

36 Total parking required

396 Total parking provided

409 Parking Statement

Floor

Total car park

1

st

_{podium (+1.00 m. Lvl.)}

_{92 nos.}

2

nd

_{podium (+5.10m. Lvl.)}

_{140 nos.}

3

rd

_{podium (+9.30m. Lvl.)}

_{149 nos.}

Stilt (+14.50m. Lvl.)

28 nos.

Total

409 nos.

Adequate open spaces all around the building for

easy movement of fire

tender.

 Building is accessible by Fire tender driveway on

podium level.

 Each unit accessible from two stair cases.

 Provision of Refuge floors as per CFO requirement.

PANAROMIC VIEW FROM CURVED BALCONIES

AQUARIA GRANDE

06

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Three different public entrances connect the skyring with the public space on ground floor. These entrances (coloured red in the floor plan above) each offer a different variet y of program. One area for health and sportcentre, one area for recreational program opened through the day and one area for restaurants openede during night. The entrance to the restaurant is located next to the acces to the cinema within the heart of the project.

FUNCTIONS IN THE RING 1. reading room 2. design/book store 3. architecture gallery 4. sculpture gallery 5. art gallery 6. viewing platform 7.dinning deck 8. ultra lounge 9.bar/cocktail 10.listening lounge 11.fitness 12.juicebar

13.group axcersice space 14. spinning room

15.office, locker rooms 16.lane lap pool

17. suspended catwalk 18. spa/massage

19.meetin place 20. viewing platform 21.hair/nail salon 22. health food store 23.tea seating

24.tea store/gaming place 25. coffee shop

26. café seating

27.book event space 28.book store

Concept

Linked Hybrid projects a renewed thinking about the public space within large scale high rise projects. Holl shows us in this project how his ideal vertical city should work. It is his ideal city within a city.

The horizontal traditional urban structure, continuous plinth with services, is combined with the vertical cit y, disrupted plinth.

Living is combined with commercial program in various towers. The commercial program is located in the plinth and living above. An ‘urban’ ring of commercial and cultural public activities link the towers on the t wentieth floor. This skyhigh public space provides a cinematc experience of the whole complex and the cit y surrounding it. A big variation of urban functions are located in this ring, for example: a swimmingpool, a fitness centre, a nail and hair studio, an architecture office, galeries, bars, theesaloons and stores (more info on page 3).

To prevent the cit y within a cit y to become an isolated island, Holl introduces the term urban porosit y. He connects his ideal cit y with it ’s context by at tracting people to the centre of linked hybrid. Urban space is enclosed in the heart of the project. On street level pedestrians are able to move in and out the project.

These t wo themes, ‘cit y within a cit y’ and ‘urban porosit y’ are also the basis for Holl’s second big housing project in China, the sliced urban porosit y block.

The ensemble of high rise towers instead of the vertical tower pinned in the city projects a new way of thinking about high rise architecture.

The public space in heart of the large plot area connected with the highly accesible program in the skyring makes a unique contribution to the public life in the city.

07 LINKED

HYBRID

LINKED HYBRID

Beijing, China, 2007

Architect: Steven Holl Architects Client: Modern Investment Group, Beijing Plot Area: 61.800 m2

Building Footprint: 15.500 m2 Gross Floor Area:

221.000 m2 Height: 68 m Cost US$:

Unknown Lifts: 34 Status: Constructed 664 Residential units

OBJECTIVE: To understand programmatic planning of urban space at community level or mixed –use habitat at international level

Site & Surroundings

In China, Linked Hybrid is located Beijing. The site is surrounded by many high rise colonies of same developer. It is also adjacent to the old city.It has Good connectivity the cities express way. Hence can attract a many visitors in their city within a city

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08 LINKED

HYBRID

SECTION THROUG SKY BRIDGE

Program given in sky bridge

Horizontal

and Vertical

circulation

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TAIPEI 101

Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004

Architect: C.Y. Lee & partners

Client: Taipei Financial Center Corp

Building Footprint: 2500 m2

Gross Floor Area: 412.500 m2

Height: 508 m

Cost US$: 1.6 billion

Lifts: 61

Status: Constructed

Concept

The unusual tower shape is an idea of the architect C.Y. Lee from Taipei. He was inspired by local culture, the building reflects the culture in which it functions. Lee was looking for balance bet ween local culture and internationalism. The tall building symbolizes a broader understanding and anticipation of things to come: we “climb” in order to “see further”. The building rises from the ground like a bamboo, a symbol of everlasting strength in Chinese culture. In the section, the shape of a pagoda is recognizable. Taipe 101 Tower rises in 8 modules, a design based on the Chinese lucky number “8”. In cultures that observe a seven-day week the number eight symbolizes a renewal of time (7+1). In cultures where seven is the lucky number, 8 represent 1 bet ter than ‘lucky seven’. Each modue has 8 floors and flares wider t the top. There are 101 floors above the ground and 5 floors underground.

It ’s more challenging to design and build a super-tal building in Taipei than any other location in the world because t yphoon winds, large potential earthquakes and weak soil conditions all need to be overcome. A damping system was implemented to reduce the excessive lateral accelerations from wind.

In the time it was build, the height of the Taipei 101 was recordbreaking, previously held by the Petronas Towers with 452 meters. It was the highest building in the world, build in an area with t yphoons and earthquakes! The height of 101 floors commemorates the renewal of time: the new century that arrived as the tower was built (100+1) and all the new years that follow (January 1 = 1-01). It symbolizes high ideals by going one bet ter on 100, a traditional number of perfection.

A mega mass demper reduces the effect of wind. The pendulum has a weight of 660.000 kilogram and is situated on the 88th floor. It sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates. The structure has to be flexible enough to resist an earthquake, and stiff enough to resist a t yphoon. Eight mega columns giving the stiffness to the building.

The Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark skyscraper located in the Hsinyi Distric of the city, the rapid- growing “Manhattan” of Taipei. This is the future center of financial power in Taiwan. Taipei 101 is owned by the Taipei Financial Center Corporation (TFCC).

Taipei 101 has one of the fastest ascending elevator speed with 1010 meters per minute, which is 16.83 m/s (60.6 km/h). These Toshiba elevators are able to take visitors from the main floor to the observatory on the 89th floor in under 39 seconds.

Taipei 101’s own roof and facade recycled water system meets 20-30 percent of the building’s water needs. Upgrades are currently under way to make Taipei 101 “the world’s tallest green building” by LEED

IMAGES

1. Construction drawings 2. Elevators overview

3. Taipei 101 as a landmark in the evening SOURCES

Wells, M. (2003) Wolkenkrabbers. Alphen a/d Rijn, Atrium Uitgeverij http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/671/taipei-101-a-case-stud http://www.architectureweek.com/2005/0330/building_2-2.html http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/ http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1147437&lang=eng_news http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/taipei101.htm http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Taipei_101#cite_note-etaiwannews.com-15east/10/17/taiwan.tower/

09 TAIPEI

101 OBJECTIVE: To study The Structural

concept implied for a high ride building

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In India Kanchanjunga is located in Pedder Road of Greater Mumbai, The Island city. Near the site to the west is the Arabian sea and the neigh

hood is surrounded by many high rise

structures influenced by Kanchanjunga as it was the First High rise in the area

In Mumbai, a building has to be oriented

east-west to catch prevailing sea breezes

and to open up the best views of the city.

Unfortunately, these are also the

directions of the hot sun and the heavy

monsoon rains. The old bungalows solved

these problems by wrapping a protective

layer of verandas around the main living

areas, thus providing the occupants with

two lines of defence against the elements.

In India Kohinoor

Square is located in the heart of the city Dadar, Greater Mumbai.

site is in commercial hub. Surrounded by various high end national and

international office and luxurious apartments. The famous Shivaji park is a 5 mins walk from the site.

In India, Aquaria Grande is located Borivali, a suburb of Mumbai. The site is surrounded by a dense Low-Rise residential areas hence its Tallest structure in the vicinity. There are many parks and schools as well near to the site

In China, Linked Hybrid is located Beijing. The site is surrounded by many high rise colonies of same developer. It is also adjacent to the old cityIt has Good

connectivity the cities express way. Hence can attract a many visitors in their city within a city In Taiwan, Taipei 101 is located in Taipei. It is in a dense urban environment in CBD are of Taipei. Surrounded by world class urban

infrastructure and high rise buildings with a view to a near by mountain.

Dadar is situated in the heart of mumbai, soil is loamy and sandy, due to proximity to sea. Similar to soil types in northwestern also

similar because of occurrence of basalt rock.

SITE & SURROUNDINGS

SOIL TYPE

Malabar hills is situated in the heart of mumbai, soil is loamy and sandy, due to proximity to sea. Similar to soil types in northwestern also similar because of occurrence of basalt rock.

Borivali is situated in the Suburb of mumbai, soil is loamy and sandy, due to proximity to sea. Similar to soil types in northwestern also similar because of occurrence of basalt rock.

ORIENTATION

CONCEPT

Design Concept: An iconic structure

drawing inspiration from the diamond.

The homes and Offices offer unrivalled

and unrestricted views of the Northern

Suburbs, South Mumbai, Eastern Port

and the Arabian Sea.

Arabian Sea. View

City View.

As said in Correas design n Mumbai, a

building has to be oriented east-west

to catch prevailing sea breezes and to

open up the best views of the city.

Hence the Site is designed in such a

way that the enclouser of the two tower

trap maximum winds from the west to

east

The Retail outlet of Taipei 101 are

located toward the south where as the

Main entrance to the skyscraper is in

the shades toward the North-east side.

The Linked Hybrid is mainly based on

User oriented planning as well as

climatic.

It was clear that the architect has reference to Lecorbusier’s crossover units in Unit habitation in Marseilles in 1952. Correa planned the 3 and 4

bedroom units interlocking with 5 and 6 bedroom units. 3-4 bedroom units

occupies on and half level, and 5-6 bedroom units occupies t wo and half levels. There are small level displacement within the units to differenciate outdoor terrace and indoor living space, dining room and bedrooms and so on. These change of levels hide the living and bed rooms from the heat of sun and rains, while the big opening of balcony could get as much day light as possible.

Plan form

basically evolved from the cross ventilation

process through the west to east travelling winds of Mumbai Where balconies also gave an artistic impression to the

towers _{"open city within a city". The}

project promotes interactive relations and encourages encounters in the public spaces that vary from

commercial, residential, and educational to recreational. The entire complex is a three-dimensional urban space in which buildings on the ground, under the ground and over the ground are fused together.

The tower has served as an icon of modern. Taiwan ever since its openingThe building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and Asian tradition.

Its postmodernist approach to style incorporates traditional design elements and gives them

modern treatments.

-

• A High-Rise Structure comes out of necessity. Specially in a

booming economical center with growing population.

• Most populous cities have most numbers of High rise structures • It is seen that tallest high rise

structures are found in the heart of the city.

• Or a new economic center of any city

• To Understand the type of soil of any site is important to develop a conceptual level structure

proposal for any high-rise structure.

• If a high rise structure is oriented studying is climatic conditions its can greatly increase the natural ventilation and light thus

reducing the load on HVAC system and lighting system . Thus making it energy efficient. • Success of Vernacular approach

or passive sustainable

technology could be easily

enhanced by proper orientation • The user and types of user and

there circulation through a 3d urban structure is a very

important aspect for orientation of a MIXED-USE HIGH RISE HABITAT.

• It important to design a building which is relevant to the urban fabric of the city it proudly soars the sky of.

• A resilient mixed use cluster development can be an attempt to solve any high density urban space issues

PRATEEK

SRIVASTAVA

Vth Year B.ARCH

MIT-Aurangabad

(11)

ZONNING-PARKING-FSI CONSUMED

PARKING RESIDENTAIL OFFICES RETAIL SPACE RESIDENTIAL TOWERS CLUB 12M MAIN WIDE ENTRY 3 LEVEL OF PODIUM PARKING BBELOW GARDN COMMERCIAL AND ENTERTAIMENT SPACES RESIDENTAL SPACES REST OF

THE TOWERS PUBLIC ENTRY PRIVATE ENTRY 9M SERVICE WIDE ENTRY Program: Mixed-Use Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m

Height: 203 meters Main building,

Lifts: 28

Status: Under-Constructed

50000 SQ.M FOR OFFICES 132 RESIDENTIAL UNITS

PARKING-3500 IN 13 STORIES PLOT AREA 4.8 ACRE

LIGHT AND VENTILATION (Natural & Mechanical)

Program: Mixed-Use Plot Area: 61.800 m2

Building Footprint: 15,500 sq.m Gross Floor Area: 2,21,000 sq.m Height: 68 m

LINKED HYBRID CONSISTS OF 644 APRT. PARKING – 1500 IN 3 LEVELS

FSI CONSUMED- 3.5 Program: Residential

Plot Area: 13,680 sq.m

Gross Floor Area: 30,500 sq.m Height: 164 m , Two tower

Floor counts: 42 stories Lifts: 6 Status: Constructed 202 RESIDENTIAL UNITS PARKING – 409 IN LEVELS FSI CONSUMED – 2 Program: Residential Plot Area: 2900 sq.m Building Footprint: 432 sq.m Floor Area: 5260 sq.m Height: 84 m

36 RESIDENTIAL UNITS

PARKING – PROVIDED IN LEVELS FSI CONSUMED – 3.5

Program: Commercial

Building Footprint: 2500 m2 Gross Floor Area: 412500 m2 Height: 508 m

Floor counts: 101 stories Cost US$: 1.6 billion

Lifts: 61

Green method

Mechanical

Plan form basically evolved from the

cross ventilation process through the

west to east travelling winds of

Mumbai

Where balconies also gave an

artistic impression to the towers

Natural Method

Linked Hybrid’s ground source heat pump

system shoulders 70% of the complex’s yearly heating and cooling load. The system consists of 655 geothermal wells, 100 meters below the basement foundation. The underground wells have taken the place of above-ground space normally needed for cooling towers,

increasing available green areas, minimizing noise pollution and significantly reducing the

CO2 emissions created by traditional heating/cooling methods.

In Mumbai, a building has to be oriented east-west to catch prevailing sea breezes and to open up the best views of the city.

Unfortunately, these are also the directions of the hot sun and the heavy monsoon rains. The old bungalows solved these problems by

wrapping a protective layer of verandas around the main living areas, thus providing the

occupants with two lines of defence against the elements.

Natural Method

• An approach where different zones are infused in an

interlinked context of its urban fabric.

• FSI consideration is an Important consideration for any high rise proposal

• Limiting the user to private

spaces and allowing free roam in its public spaces both spaces segregated by different levels can be effective to create a mixed use environment

VERTICAL ZONING

• High rise structure can be zoned vertically and the connectivity is an important factor between any two zones

• Service floors, lifts, shafts and staircases are the most important factor governing the daily

functionality of any high rise

• 200 meter tall Kohinoor square has a well designed HVAC system for its ventilation purposes. As it’s a glass enveloped

structure the load of mechanical ventilation is also high.

• The cooling towers are situated near

water tanks at some levels in the buildings

• Natural method of light and

ventilation solves these problems at a residential level

• But at commercial level there is a need for mechanical ventilation as there is a continues

requirement of larger floor space to work collaboratively together. • A green approach like in linked

hybrid is a very innovative approach to tackle this increasing load on the mechanical system.

PRATEEK

SRIVASTAVA

Vth Year B.ARCH

MIT-Aurangabad

(12)

REFUGE AREAS

SERVICE CORE

60% 15%

25%

Residential Services Parking 10% 26% 16% 11% 21% 13% 3% Hotel Office Residential Retail Parking Services Recreational ground

• The Central Core

is surrounded by

the office spaces

and refuge areas

(at 24 meter of

height)

• There are

segregated office

space from 2

nd

_to

24

th

_{floor with}

toilets to each

office and a

common toilet s

also provided on

all these floors.

Central core consist of 24Lifts

• 3 Lobbies of 6 Lifts serving levels

25

th

_{to 39}

th

• Spaces between the lifts where a lift

lobby is not provided are used as

toilets with dust at either side: 2 lifts

from this pack of 6 are assessable to

lower floors as well

• 1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1

st

_to

24

th

• There is a lift bank at 24

th

_{floor .}

• 2 services lifts travelling Throughout

the building

• 2 Stair cases are also placed in the

core

Residential Tower

• Central core serves 3 lifts and 1

services lifts

• It connects 8 units on each floor

• It connects 6 on 17

th

_{floor which is}

refuge floor

• UNITS- 2.5 bhk 3bhk 3.5 bhk

Central core consist of 3 Lifts each

• Each Lobby has 2 Passenger lifts

connecting all floors and 1 Fire

escape Lift

• Core connects 3 units on envry floor

• It has two staircases and one shaft

• The planning is such that there is

natural ventilation in the core

Central core consist of 4 Lifts each

• Lobby has 3 Passenger lifts

connecting all floors and 1 Fire

escape Lift

• Core connects 2 units on envry

floor

• It has one staircases and one

shaft

AREA DISTRIBUTION

Kohinoor Square

Kanchanjunga Apt.

SECTION SHOWING REFUGE FLOORS WHICH IS 4% AREA OF THE HABITABLE ZONE ABOVE

Refuge floors

: 5

th,

₁₁

th

_{, 17}

th

_,

23

rd

_{& 29}

th

Central core

• Central core is the heart of

Taipei

• It connects all 101 floors

though a number of lifts

• The Fastest lift is travelling at

a speed of 1010 m/ min.

• That is 16.7 m/s

• Travelling though 364 m of

height

• The downward speed is 10m/s

Central core

• Central core is the heart of

any skyscraper

• It must be efficiently designed

in terms of planning as well

as cost

• A core holds all the services

of a skyscraper hence it

contains structural values as

well

Refuge Floors

At 11

th

_{floor the first refuge floor is}

provided

DCR RULE

In case of high-rise bldg. more than 30

m then first refuge floor shall be

provided at 24 m or first habitable floor

whichever is higher. Thereafter at every

seventh habitable floor.

• A refuge floor is very important for the safety of people living in a high rise structure

• In case of high-rise bldg. More than 30 m then first refuge floor shall be

provided at 24 m or first habitable floor whichever is higher. Thereafter at every seventh habitable floor.