Indonesia Region

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TECTONIC OF

INDONESIA REGION

KULIAH

GEOLOGI STRUKTUR INDONESIA

Laboratorium Geodinamik Laboratorium Geodinamik Fa

Fa kultaskultas TeTeknikknik Geologi,UnGeologi,Un iveriversitsitasas PadjadjPadjadjaranaran

Tahun2012 Tahun2012

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Ind

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Indonesia Position in Global Plate Tectonics

POSITION OF INDONESIA ISLAND



The pacific oceanic plate in the northeast



The Australian continental plate in southeast



The Indian oceanic plate in the southwest



The Asian continental plate in the northeast

BATHYMETRY :

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Continental landmass: continental

islands and sea shelf: < 200 m



Oceanic Islands and Oceanic Deeps

:>200 m

CONTINENTAL LANDMASSES AND OCEAN : SUNDA SHELF : 

Sumatra



Java and



Kalimantan

ARAFURA CONTINENTAL SHELF :



Australian continent

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TECTONIC PLATES AND CRUSTS

CHARACTERISTICS OF I NDONESIA TECTONIC PLATES

 Western Indonesia: Stable Sunda Continent

 Central Indonesia: Micro-continents And Oceanic Basins  East Indonesia: Stable Sahul/Australian Continent

PLATE TECTONICS MOVEMENT IN INDONESIA involves

 Convergence, (collisions, subduction and obduction).

 Divergence (rifting, break-up and subsequent seafloor spreading).  Transvergence (wrench faulting); involving translatation and rotation.

PLATE BOUNDARIES: 1. ACTIVE MARGINS  Subduction Zones:  Obduction Zones  Transduction Zones 2. PASSIVE MARGINS  Delta Basin  Carbonate Plateform

3. COLLISION ZONES AND OROGENIC BELTS

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PLATE BOUNDARIES

ACTIVE MARGINS :

1. SUBDUCTION ZONES :

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CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC : Western Sumatra Sunda Arc, Southern Java Sunda

Arc.



OCEANIC ISLAND ARC :

Nusatenggara Sunda Arc

2. OBDUCTION ZONES : Banda Arc:

Australian continent being subducted under

Banda Sea oceanic crust

3. TRANSDUCTION ZONES: Sorong Faultzone

PASSIVE MARGINS :

1. NORTHWEST BORNEO PASSIVE MARGIN :

East Natuna basinal area, Baram Delta

2. EASTERN KALIMANTAN PASSIVE MARGINS

3. MICROCONTINENT PASSIVE MARGINS :

Southwest Sulawesi Basinal area

COLLISION ZONES AND OROGENIC BELTS :

1. Kuching Zone

2. Meratus Mts Belt

3. Central Sulawesi Collision Belt

4. Central Irian Jaya Mt Range

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PLATE TECTONICS SUBDIVISION OF INDONESIA

 West Indo nesiawith Sunda Platform acting as a continental core

 Central Indonesiaconsisting of fragmented microcontinents represented by

Sulawesi and the Banda Arc

 East Indonesiawitht he Arafura Platfrom acting as continental core

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WESTERN INDONESIA

ACTIVE MARGIN

To the wes and south the Sundaland is bordered by an active margin; consisting of an island arc system with fore arc, interarc and back-arc basins, as the result of a convergence with the Indian oceanic plate in which the oceanic plate under the continetal plate is subducted under the continental crust.

PASSIVE MARGIN

1. The East Sundaland margin, rifting, break-up and sea-floor spreading of the Makassar Strait, and the formation of :

 Aulocogene basins followed by deltaic deposition of the Mahakan Delta and Tarakan

Delta.

 Paternoster Carbonate Platform.

2. The Northwest Sundaland margin; as the result of rifting and opening of the South China Seas and associated rifting in the Gulf of Thailand and western Natuna basin. Rifting of the South China sea resulted into a collision in Northwest Borneo.

FRAGMENTED MICROCONTINENTS BETWEEN OCEANIC BASINS

Consisting of assorted microcontinents, mainly broken off from the Australian Continent, but some belong to the Asian Continent : southwestern Sulawesi

 Sulawesi Island

 Banggai-Sula Islands

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CENTRAL & EASTERN INDONESIA

CENTRAL INDONESIA :

_{an assortment or conglomeration of contental fragments}

oceanic basins and oceanic troughs :

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Sulawesi Island: an conglomeration of Australian and Asian continental fragments

and island arc

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Sula-Banggai Island

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Halmahera Island-arc

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Lesser Sunda Islands, and island-arc as the eastern continuation of the Sunda

island arc

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Oceanic Basins of Flores sea, Banda sea and Celebes sea

EASTERN INDONESIA

_{- Major Tectonic Elements :}



Arafura Shelf: Stable Shelf

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Banda Island Arc: Passive to Active Margin (Subduction/Obduction)

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Jaya Wijaya Central Range: Orogenic Mountain Range

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INDONESIA BASINS 5 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 12 13 11 10 14 15 16 18 17 19 23 24 21 22 20 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 36 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 58 51 52 53 55 54 56 57 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 31 3 M A L A Y S I A S U M A T R A K A L I M A N T A N S A R A W A K S A B A H BRUNEI M a k a s s a r S t r a i t K a r i m a t a S t r a i t M a l a c c a S t r a i t S o u t h C h i n a S e a N a t u n a S e a J a v a S e a J A V A IR IAN J AYA SULAWESI Si m eul e Ni as Enggano Bangka Bel i tung Nat una Madura

Bal i Lom bok

Sum bawa Fl ores Sum ba But on S a w u S e a B a l i S e a F l o r e s S e a Timor Al or

Wet ar T a n i m b a r T i m o r S e a Kai Seram Buru Tal i bu O bi M i sool M angol e Banggai HALMAHERA Wai geo Bacan M orot ai S e r a m S e a M a l u k u S e a B a n d a S e a H a l m a h e r a S e a S u l a w e s i S e a P A C I F I C O C E A N Cendrawasih Bay Yapen Bi ak Wakem Kobroor Trangan Yos Sudarso A r a f u r a S e a AUSTRALIA T H A _I L _A N _D I N D I A N O C E A N Anam bas Pagai Si pura Si berut Tana Bat u 04° S T HA I L A N D I N D O N E S IA

I N D O N E S I A M A L

A Y S A I

PHILIPPINES INDONESIA AUSTRALI A INDONESIA T H A I L A N D M A L A Y S A I M A L A Y S I A I N D O N E S I A P A P U A N E W G U I N E A I N D O N E S I A 9 6 °E 10 0 °E 10 4 °E 1 08 °E 1 12 °E 1 1 6°E 1 2 0 °E 12 4 °E 12 8 °E 13 2 °E 13 6 °E 1 4 0°E SINGAPORE Bi nt an Si ngkep Bat am 08° S 00° 04° N 08° N 12° S 16° S PAPUANEW GUNEA PHILIPPINES THAILAND CAMBODIA VIETNAM Bandung Jakar t a Lam pung Sem ar ang Yogyakar t a Sur abaya D e n p as a r M a t a r a m Dili Kupang Ujungpandang 1 4 4 ° E Palem bang Bengkulu Jam bi Padang Pekanbar u Kualalum pur M edan Banda Aceh Pont ianak Banjar m asin Br unei Dar usalam

Kucing Palangkar aya Sam ar inda Palu Kendar i M anado Am bon Jayapur a M a n ila Pnom Pene Ho Chim int h Bangkok M in d a n a o Pa la wa n Ne g ro s Sa m a r Pa n a y M in d o ro AUSTRALIA 0 500 KILOMETERS 1 2 ° N Pasur uhan Sandakan Plaju L h o k s e u m a w e Cir ebon Laut M a h a k a m T o t a l S a k a k e m a n g B lo c k Toba Lake INDONESIA BASINS INTRACRATONIC P A S S I V E M A R G I N

ABO RTED RIFT

PULL-APART

TRA NSFORM MARGIN

O C E A N I C T R E N C H * F O R E A R C INTRA-ARC B A C K - A R C S U S P E N D E D I S L A N D A R C O C E A N I C A N D R E M N A N T O C E A N I C FORELAND

THRUST FOLD BELT

S U T U R E FOREDEEP PLATFORM 1 NORTHSUMATRA 2 CENTRAL SUMATRA 3 OMBILIN 4 SOUTHSUMATRA 5 MEULABOH 6 NIAS 7 MENTAWAI 8 SUNDASTRAIT 9 SOUTHWEST JAVA 10 SOUTHJAVA 11 SOUTHBALI-LOMBOK 12 SOUTHCENTRAL JAVA 13 SOUTHEAST JAVA 14 SUNDA 15 ASRI 16 VERA 17 BILLITON 18 NORTHWEST JAVA 19 NORTHEAST JAVA 20 FLORES 21 WEST NATUNA 22 EAST NATUNA 23 MELAWI 24 KETUNGAU 25 PEMBUANG 26 BARITO 27 ASEM ASEM & PASIR 28 PATERNOSTER 29 UPPERKUTEI 30 KUTEI 31 MUARA 32 NORTHEAST KALIMANTAN 33 CELEBES 34 NORTHM AKASSAR 35 SOUTHM AKASSAR 36 LARIANG 37 SPERMONDE 38 SALAYAR 39 SENGKANG 40 BONE 41 GORONTALO 42 SOUTHMINAHASA 43 NORTHMINAHASA 44 BANGGAI-SULA 45 SALABANGKA 46 MANUI 47 BUTON 48 BANDA 49 SAVU 50 TIMOR 51 TANIMBAR-KAIS 52 WEBER 53 SERAM (BULA) 54 NEHALMAHERA(KAUBAY) 55 EAST HALMAHERA(BULI BAY) 56 SEHALMHERA(WEDABAY) 57 ARAFURA 58 ARU 59 AKIMEUGAH 60 CENTRAL IRIANJAYA 61 LENGGURU 62 BINTUNI 63 TELUK BERAU-AJUMARU 64 MISOOL-ONIN 65 SALAWATI 66 WAIPOGA-WAROPEN LISTOF BASINS TYPES OF BASINS T h i s d i s t r i b u t i o n o f b a s i n i n I n d o n e s i a i s n o t a n o f f i c i a l d o c u m e n t . T h i s m a p h a s b e e n p r e p a r e d a n d m o d i f i e d f r o m t h e p r e v i o u s P E R T A M I N A/ B E I C E P 1 9 8 2 a n d 1 9 8 5 n o n e x c l u s i v e s t u d i e s .

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TECTONIC OF WEST INDONESIA

BACK ARC BASIN :

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Cekungan Aceh Utara

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Cekungan Sumatera Utara

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Cenkungan Sumatera Tengah

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Cekungan Sumatera Selatan

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Cekungan Jawa Barat Laut :

• Cekungan Jabar

• Cekungan Sunda

• Cekungan Beliton.



Cekungan Jateng Timur Laut.



Cekungan Kalimantan :

• cekungan Asem-asem

• cekungan Barito

• cekungan Kutai

• cekungan Tarakan.

Indonesia barat ditentukan dan dipengaruhi

sifat gerak lempeng Hindia – Australia yang

bergerak ke utara bertemu dengan lempeng

Eurasia.

Pertemuan kedua lempeng ini bersifat

tumbukan dan melibatkan kerak Samudra

Hindia dan kerak Kontinen Asteng membentuk

busur kepulauan Sunda Arc System.

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SUMATRA BASIN



Cekungan Aceh Utara

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Cekungan Sumatera Utara

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Cenkungan Sumatera Tengah

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JAVA BASIN

 Cekungan Jawa Barat Laut :

• Cekungan Jabar

• Cekungan Sunda

• Cekungan Beliton.

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KALIMANTAN BASIN

• cekungan

Asem-asem

• cekungan Barito

• cekungan Kutai

• cekungan

Tarakan.

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EASTERN INDONESIA BASIN

• The petroliferous basins of Eastern Indonesia are geologically different from those in the west

of the archipelago.

• In fact, in many cases thay cannot strictly be classified as basins, and include complex fold

belts and even thrust belts that are elevated to such an extent.

• Geological differences to the basins of Western Indonesia include a Paleozoic and Mesozoic

sedimentary history older than the Jurassic breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent.

• The pre-Tertiary and early Tertiary stratigraphies are near-copies of the NW shelf of Australia.

They prove that the multitude of highly rotated and deformed fragments making up many of the islands of Eastern Indonesia, from eastern Sulawesi to Irian Jaya, were part of the Australian craton.

• The only explored area of Eastern Indonesia that does not demonstrate this affinity is the

western side of Sulawesi, representing a fragment from the edge of the Sundaland.

• Eastern Indonesia is tectonically and s tructurally very complex, comprising slivers of

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• Although many potential petroleum basins are recognized, they tend to be small, geologically poorly understood and, many, in deep water. Some 86 % of Eastern Indonesia’s basinal areas are in water depths greater than 200 m (Pattinama and Samuel, 1992) and the onshore areas are in remote jungle.

• Of the 38 Paleozoic to tertiary-age sedimentary basins identified in Eastern Indonesia,

20 remain undrilled and many that have been drilled are under-explored.

• Although the bas ins of Eastern Indonesia may never prove to be as prolific as the

back-arc basins of Western Indonesia, this is viewed as a reflection of the explorationist’s reticence, rather than the region’s true potential.

• Recent discoveries include the Senoro-Donggi gas in Tertiary reefs in eastern Sulawesi,

Oseil oil field in Jurassic Seram, giant (over 20 TCFG) gas discoveries in Tangguh complex, g iant (over 3.5 TCFG) gas discovery in Abadi Masela of Arafura Sea, and a string of oil and gas -condensate discoveries in NW Shelf of Australia (Bayu-Undan, Elang, Kakatua, Corallina, Laminaria) may boost exploration in Eastern Indonesia.

• Four of main areas in Eastern Indonesia tha have already been targets of HC

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