• No results found

download full version

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "download full version"

Copied!
6
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

&V

+J%U

DQG&V

&G%U

FU\VWDOV

.UXS\FK2*LUQ\N,7UDFK,0DUWXQ\XN/RWRWVND,9ORNK5DQG9ORNK2

,QVWLWXWHRI3K\VLFDO2SWLFV'UDJRPDQRY6WU/YLY8NUDLQH HPDLOYORNK#LIROYLYXD

5HFHLYHG

$EVWUDFW

3KRWRHODVWLF DQG DFRXVWRRSWLF $2 SDUDPHWHUV RI &V+J%U DQG &V&G%U FU\VWDOV DUH

GHWHUPLQHGRQWKHEDVLVRIVWXGLHVIRUWKHUPDOH[SDQVLRQDQGRSWLFDOLQGLFDWUL[URWDWLRQDW WKH IHUURHODVWLF )HO SKDVH WUDQVLWLRQ 37 DQG WKH GLUHFW SLH]RRSWLF PHDVXUHPHQWV ,W LV VKRZQ WKDW &V+J%U DQG &V&G%U FU\VWDOV DUH JRRG $2 PDWHULDOV 7KHLU SKRWRHODVWLF

FRHIILFLHQWVDFKLHYHUHVSHFWLYHO\WKHYDOXHVRIS DQGS ZKLOHWKH$2ILJXUHV

RI PHULW DUH0 íVNJ IRU &V+J%U DQG0 íVNJ IRU &V&G%U

FU\VWDOV)URPWKHREWDLQHGUHVXOWVLWIROORZVWKDWLQERWK&V+J%UDQG&V&G%UWKH37

WRWKH)HOSKDVHPLVDILUVWRUGHULPSURSHURQHZKHUHDVWKH37LQWRWKHWULFOLQLFSKDVHLV RI D VHFRQG RUGHU 7KH RULHQWDWLRQV RI GRPDLQ ZDOOV LQ WKH )HO SKDVH DQG WKH SKDVH ERXQGDU\EHWZHHQWKHLQFRPPHQVXUDWHDQG)HOSKDVHVDUHGHWHUPLQHG

3$&6+SV

.H\ZRUGVRSWLFDOLQGLFDWUL[LQFRPPHQVXUDWHVWUXFWXUHGRPDLQVWUXFWXUHWKHUPDO

H[SDQVLRQ

,QWURGXFWLRQ

,W KDV EHHQ UHSRUWHG E\.LW\NHWDO >@ WKDW &V+J&O FU\VWDOV H[KLELW D KLJK YDOXH RI DFRXVWRRSWLF $2 ILJXUH RI PHULW )0 0 7KHVH FU\VWDOV DV ZHOO DV SUREDEO\ &V+J%U DQG&V&G%UFU\VWDOVDUHWUDQVSDUHQWLQDZLGH VSHFWUDO UDQJH mP >@ ,Q RUGHU WR FDOFXODWHWKH$2)0

HI

Q S

0

Y

r

=

RQH KDV WR NQRZ DOO WKH SDUDPHWHUV ZKLFK DUH LQFOXGHG LQWR (T LH WKH UHIUDFWLYH LQGLFHV

QWKHSKRWRHODVWLF3K(OFRHIILFLHQWVSHIFU\VWDO GHQVLW\r DQG WKH XOWUDVRQLF YHORFLW\Y $V D PDWWHURIIDFWWKHXOWUDVRQLFYHORFLW\KDVMXVWWKH PRVWHVVHQWLDOHIIHFWRQWKH0PDJQLWXGHDQGLW VKRXOG EH WKHUHIRUH DV ORZ DV SRVVLEOH 7KH UHOHYDQW YDOXHV FKDUDFWHULVWLF IRU WKH DERYH

FU\VWDOV DUH LQGHHG TXLWH ORZ >@ 1HYHUWKH OHVV RQH VKRXOG DOVR PHDVXUH WKH WKUHH RWKHU SDUDPHWHUV LQ (T LQ SDUWLFXODU WKH 3K(O FRHIILFLHQWV 7KH ODWWHU KDYH EHHQ GHWHUPLQHG HDUOLHU ZLWK WKH LQWHUIHURPHWULF WHFKQLTXH RQO\ IRU&V+J&OFU\VWDOV>@:HFRQFOXGHIURPWKH UHVXOWVSUHVHQWHGLQ>@WKDWLWLVWKHWUDQVYHUVH XOWUDVRQLF ZDYHV LQ &V+J%U DQG &V&G%U FU\VWDOVZKLFKH[KLELWWKHORZHVWYHORFLWLHV7KH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ YDOXHV IRU WKH WUDQVYHUVH ZDYHV DUH Y PV LQ FDVH RI &V+J%U DQG

(2)

JURXSP,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWERWKFU\VWDOV H[KLELWWKH)HOSKDVHWUDQVLWLRQ377KHZKROH VHTXHQFHVRI VWUXFWXUDO SKDVHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH OLWHUDWXUHDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH

7KH SUHVHQW SDSHU LV GHYRWHG WR GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI 3K(O FRHIILFLHQWV IRU &V%; % +J&G; %U&OFU\VWDOVDQGHVWLPDWLRQRI $2 )0 RQ WKH EDVLV RI RSWLFDO LQGLFDWUL[ URWDWLRQ VWXGLHV DQG WKHUPDO H[SDQVLRQ PHDVXUHPHQWV

([SHULPHQWDO

7KH FU\VWDOV RI &V%; % +J &G ; %U &O ZHUHJURZQZLWKWKH%ULGJPDQWHFKQLTXH7KHLU WKHUPDO H[SDQVLRQ ZDV VWXGLHG ZLWK WKH DLG RI WKHFDSDFLW\GLODWRPHWHUWKHVHQVLWLYLW\RIQP LQ ERWK FRROLQJ DQG KHDWLQJ UXQV WKH WHPSHUDWXUH UDWH 7W .PLQ 7KH SKDVH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV ZHUH REVHUYHG ZLWK WKH RSWLFDO SRODUL]DWLRQ PLFURVFRSH HTXLSSHG ZLWK FRROLQJ FHOO 7KH DFFXUDF\ IRU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI RSWLFDO LQGLFDWUL[ RULHQWDWLRQ ZDV‹GHJ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHSLH]RRSWLFFRHIILFLHQWVZHUHPHDVXUHGDWWKH URRP WHPSHUDWXUH EDVLQJ RQ WKH RSWLFDO LQGLFDWUL[ URWDWLRQ DURXQG ; D[LV XQGHU WKH LQIOXHQFHRIPHFKDQLFDOVWUHVVs

5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQ

D&V+J%UFU\VWDOV

$V VHHQ IURP )LJXUH D WKH SKDVH WUDQVIRU PDWLRQ LQ &V+J%U IURP LQFRPPHQVXUDWH WR

PRQRFOLQLFSKDVHRFFXUUHGDW7 .DWFRROLQJ LV DFFRPSDQLHG ZLWK D PRYHPHQW RI SKDVH ERXQGDU\ 7KH RULHQWDWLRQ RI WKH SKDVH ERXQGDU\EHLQJFRLQFLGHQWZLWKWKHSODQH 7KH H[LVWHQFH RI SKDVH ERXQGDU\ FRQILUPV XQDPELJXRXVO\WKHILUVWRUGHURIWKHVH37V7KH GRPDLQVWUXFWXUHLQ&V+J%UFU\VWDOVDSSHDUVDW

7 . DQG H[LVWV LQ WKH ZKROH WHPSHUDWXUH UDQJHEHORZ7F2ULHQWDWLRQRIWKHGRPDLQZDOOV FRLQFLGHVZLWKWKHSODQHV< DQG= )LJXUH EF DV SUHGLFWHG E\6DSULHO¶V WKHRU\ IRU WKH )HO 37 RI VXFK D W\SH >@ 1R FKDQJHV LQ WKH GRPDLQVWUXFWXUHKDYHEHHQREVHUYHGDWWKH37 WRWULFOLQLFSKDVH7F .

7KH WHPSHUDWXUH GHSHQGHQFHV RI WKHUPDO H[SDQVLRQ IRU WKH KHDWLQJ DQG FRROLQJ UXQV DUH SUHVHQWHGLQ)LJXUH2QHFDQVHHDMXPSOLNH HORQJDWLRQRIVDPSOHRFFXUUHGRQO\IRUWKHEDQG

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

7DEOH

6HTXHQFHRIVWUXFWXUDOSKDVHVLQ&V&G%UDQG&V+J%UFU\VWDOV

&V&G%UVHHHJ>@ &V+J%UVHHHJ>@ 3DUDHODVWLFSKDVH

PPP 7!. 7!.

,QFRPPHQVXUDWH

SKDVH .7. .7.

)HOSKDVH

P .7. .7.

)HOSKDVH

`= 7. .7.

)HOSKDVH

(3)

E&V&G%UFU\VWDOV

6LPLODU UHVXOWV DUH DOVR REWDLQHG IRU &V&G%U FU\VWDOVVHH)LJXUHVDQG7KHSHFXOLDULWLHV RI WKH H[SHULPHQWDO GDWD KDYH EHHQ RQO\ REVHUYHGDWWKHDSSHDUDQFHRISKDVHERXQGDU\DW

7F . $V VHHQ IURP )LJXUH D WKH SKDVH ERXQGDU\ SRVVHVVHV WZR RULHQWDWLRQV RQH RI ZKLFK FRLQFLGLQJ ZLWK WKH SODQH DQG WKH RWKHU GHYLDWLQJ IURP WKH ` SODQH E\ R 6XEVHTXHQW FRROLQJ OHDGV WR GLVDSSHDU RI WKH

SKDVH ERXQGDULHV LQFOLQHG WR ` SODQH DQG PRYLQJWKHERXQGDU\6XFKWKHEHKDYLRXU DV ZHOO DV WKH H[LVWHQFH RI PXWXDOO\ QRQ RUWKRJRQDO SKDVH ERXQGDULHV FDQ HYLGHQFH D VWUHVVHGVWDWHRIWKHVDPSOHGXHWRWHPSHUDWXUH JUDGLHQWRUUHVLGXDOVWUHVVHV

8VLQJWKHGHSHQGHQFHVSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJXUHV DQG WKH 3K(O FRHIILFLHQW SF IRU WKH SDUDHODVWLF SKDVH PD\ EH FDOFXODWHG ZLWK WKH IRUPXOD

D F E

D/?/

7. 7L

7&

7&

&V+J%U

E F D

7.

&V+J%U

7.

D/?/ 7& 7&7L

_HV_

7&

D E

)LJ 7HPSHUDWXUH GHSHQGHQFHV RI WKHUPDO H[SDQVLRQV IRU &V+J%U FU\VWDOV DW KHDWLQJ D DQG FRROLQJE7LFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHFRPPHQVXUDWH±LQFRPPHQVXUDWH377KHLQVHUWVKRZVWHPSHUDWXUH

GHSHQGHQFHRI6'LQWKHPRQRFOLQLFSKDVH

D

)LJ 3KDVH ERXQGDU\ PRYHPHQW D 7 . QXFOHXV RI GRPDLQV 7 . DQG VWDEOH GRPDLQ VWUXFWXUH RI &V+J%U FU\VWDOV LQ )HO SKDVH DW 7 . REVHUYHG DORQJDGLUHFWLRQ

(4)

WDQ WDQ

F Q

S % %

H QH

j D j

= - ;

ZKHUH% DQG% GHQRWH WKH RSWLFDOIUHTXHQF\ GLHOHFWULFLPSHUPHDELOLW\FRHIILFLHQWVHWKH6'

j WKH DQJOH RI RSWLFDO LQGLFDWUL[ URWDWLRQDQ WKH RSWLFDO ELUHIULQJHQFH DQG`Q WKH PHDQ UHIUDFWLYH LQGH[ :KHQ DFFRXQWLQJ IRU WKDWDQ DQGQ DUH HTXDO WR DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\

IRU&V+J%UDQG&V&G%UFU\VWDOV>@RQHFDQ REWDLQ WKH FDOFXODWHG YDOXHV SF RI 3K(O FRHIILFLHQWV IRU WKH SDUDHODVWLF SKDVH 7KHVH FRHIILFLHQWV DUH HTXDO WR DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ $V IDU DV ZH NQRZ VXFK KXJH YDOXHV RI 3K(O FRHIILFLHQWV KDYH QRW \HW EHHQ REVHUYHG LQ FU\VWDOV 7KXV ZH FRPH WR FRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKHURWDWLRQRIRSWLFDOLQGLFDWUL[ LQWKH)HOSKDVHLVVXEVWDQWLDOO\LQGXFHGE\VRPH

DjGHJ

7.

&V+J%U

7F

)LJ7HPSHUDWXUHGHSHQGHQFHRIRSWLFDOLQGLFDWUL[URWDWLRQIRUWKHDGMDFHQWGRPDLQVLQ&V+J%U FU\VWDOV FLUFOHV± WKH H[SHULPHQWDO GDWD GDVKHG OLQH± WKH FDOFXODWHG FRQWULEXWLRQ RI HODVWRRSWLF HIIHFW

D

)LJ +HWHURSKDVH VWUXFWXUH LQ&V&G%U FU\VWDOV DW 7 . D DQG WKH GRPDLQ VWUXFWXUH LQ WKH )HO SKDVH DW 7 E DQG 7 .F

(5)

DQRWKHU RUGHU SDUDPHWHU EXW QRW WKH 6' DQG WKHUHIRUH WKH 37 LQ WKHVH FU\VWDOV LQWR WKH )HO SKDVHORRNVOLNHLPSURSHU5HDOO\OHWXVHPSOR\ WKHJURXSWKHRUHWLFDODQDO\VLV>@7KHUPRG\QD PLFSRWHQWLDOZULWWHQIRUWKHFHQWUHRI%ULOORXLQ ]RQHRIWKHQRUPDOSKDVH

)= w 4 + %4 + & H +a4 H

ZLWKwEHLQJWKHRSWLFDOVRIWPRGHIUHTXHQF\

$ 7 7 F

w = - DQG 4 WKH QRUPDO RSWLFDO SKRQRQFRRUGLQDWHRI%JV\PPHWU\DORQJZLWK WKHVWDQGDUGPLQLPL]DWLRQSURFHGXUH

) H & H a4

  = + =

UHVXOWLQFRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKHFRXSOLQJRI6'ZLWK WKH RUGHU SDUDPHWHU 4 LQ WKH )HO SKDVH LV QRQOLQHDU

H 4

& a

= -

7KH PHDVXUHG YDOXHV RI SLH]RRSWLF FRHIILFLHQWVRI&V+J%UDQG&V&G%UFU\VWDOV DWWKHURRPWHPSHUDWXUHDUHp íP1 DQGp íP1 UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH 3K(O FRHIILFLHQWV GHULYHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKH NQRZQ HODVWLF VWLIIQHVV FRHIILFLHQWV DW WKH URRP WHPSHUDWXUH & í1P IRU ERWK FU\VWDOV >@DUHSP IRU&V

+J%UDQGSP IRU &V&G%U FU\VWDOV WKH VXSHUVFULSW ³P´ LPSOLHV

D F E

&V&G%U

7&

7&

D/?/ 7L

7.

D

F

E

&V&G%U

D/?/

7. 7&

7L

7&

7.

_HV_

7&

D E

)LJ 7HPSHUDWXUH GHSHQGHQFHV RI WKHUPDO H[SDQVLRQ IRU &V&G%U FU\VWDOV DW KHDWLQJ D DQG FRROLQJE7LFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHFRPPHQVXUDWHLQFRPPHQVXUDWH377KHLQVHUWVKRZVWHPSHUDWXUH

GHSHQGHQFHRI6'LQWKHPRQRFOLQLFSKDVH

DjGHJ

&V

&G%U

7. 7&

(6)

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

0 íVNJ IRU &V

+J%U DQG

0 íVNJ IRU &V

&G%U FU\VWDOV ZKLFKDUHFRPSDUDEOHZLWKWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI WKHEHVW$2PDWHULDOV

&RQFOXVLRQV

,W LV VKRZQ WKDW &V+J%U DQG &V&G%U FU\VWDOV DUH JRRG $2 PDWHULDOV 7KHLU 3K(O FRHIILFLHQWV DUH UHVSHFWLYHO\ S DQG

S ZKLOH WKH $2 )0 DUH HTXDO WR

0 íVNJ IRU &V

+J%U DQG

0 íVNJIRU&V

&G%UFU\VWDOV 7KHH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVWHVWLI\WKDWWKH37WR WKH )HO SKDVH P LQ ERWK &V+J%U DQG &V&G%UFU\VWDOVLVDILUVWRUGHULPSURSHURQH ZKLOH WKH 37 LQWR WKH WULFOLQLF SKDVH LV RI D

VHFRQGRUGHU

7KH RULHQWDWLRQV RI GRPDLQ ZDOOV LQ WKH )HO SKDVH DQG WKH SKDVH ERXQGDU\ EHWZHHQ WKH LQFRPPHQVXUDWHDQG)HOSKDVHVDUHGHWHUPLQHG

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQW

7KHDXWKRUVDFNQRZOHGJHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIURP WKH 0LQLVWU\ RI (GXFDWLRQ DQG 6FLHQFH RI 8NUDLQHXQGHUWKH3URMHFW18 5HIHUHQFHV

.LW\N $9 =DGRUR]KQD $9 6\GRU\N ,9 0DUW\Q\XN/RWRWVND ,<X HW DO $EVWDFWV (0) .DLGDQ 09 =DGRUR]KQD

$9HWDO$SSO2SW.DLGDQ

09 =DGRUR]KQD $9 HW DO 2SW 0DW

.LW\N $9 =DGRUR]KQD $9 6KFKXU <D, 0DUW\Q\XN/RWRWVND ,<X 9ORNK 2* 3K\V

6WDW6ROE

.LW\N $9 =DGRUR]KQD $9 6KFKXU <D, 0DUW\Q\XN/RWRWVND ,<X %XUDN <D 9ORNK

2*$XVWU-3K\V

3OHVNR 6 .LQG 5 $UHQG + 3K\V6WDW6RO D 3OHVNR 6 'YRUDN 9 DQG 7UHLQGO + )HUURHOHFWULFV 0DHGD 0 1RQGD $ <DPDGD 1 - 3K\V

6RF-DSDQ

6DSULHO-3K\V5HY%

.X]HO30RFK3*RPH]&XHYDV$'YRUDN

93K\V5HY%

References

Related documents

The four-star Danubius Health Spa Resort Margitsziget (formerly Danubius Thermal Hotel Margitsziget) was the first metropolitan spa hotel in the world offering a wide range of

Public funding for education from Local, State and Federal sources for Georgia’s school districts increased slightly by $430 per pupil between FY07 and FY11 or 4.2 percent..

Let us consider the example in Fig. To find the best location of redirection we need to formulate the CT for destination node d 2. We first remove the congested link. Then, we

Pasang rakitan tabung (D) pada unit motor (A) dengan tombol klik (D2) dari unit pisau yang disejajarkan dengan takik yang terletak di depan unit motor (A) (gbr 3), tabung (D)

“The following provisions shall apply to the listing of ingredients on the datasheet referred to in Article 9(3). The datasheet shall list the name of the detergent and

The richness of the NCS media consumption data and the Kantar Media advertising data allows me to create comprehensive and individual estimates of exposure to both magazine

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions.. Start Free Trial

• Heavy duty rear dump truck most widely used • Most trucks may be operated over any haul road.. for which the surface is sufficiently