• Page 227
• What are Aristocrats?
• What does that have to do with Aristocats?
This Week:
Monday: Dynasties
Tuesday: Social Life
Wednesday: Quiz/
Confucianism
Thursday: Taoism
LEQ #1
•
What were the contributions of the
rivers
agriculture
populations
cities
specialization
YELLOW RIVER
Population Growth
• Settlements began to crop up along the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers
Dynasties
• “A sequence of powerful leaders in the same family”
• Shang Dynasty 1766 to 1122 B.C. • Zhou Dynasty 1122 to 256 B.C. • (Other Dynasties!)
• Tang Dynasty 618 to 907 A.D.
• Song Dynasty 960 to 1279 A.D.
Outside China during
Shang period
•
Hammurabi’s code
•
Mycenaean Civ. In Greece
•
Vedic period in India
•
Stonehenge
•
Moses led Israelites out of Egypt
•
Mayans processed rubber
•
King Tut
•
Homer’s Troy fell
Shang Dynasty
c.1750-1050 BCE
•
Top 5
Yellow River
•
Takes its name from the vast
quantities of loess soil it picks
up along its route
• Loess is an extremely fine and powder-like soil that gradually builds up in the river bed, raising the river bed and forcing the water out of its established path
• Yellow River periodically
Agriculture
• Loess soil is
extremely fertile
and easy to work
Crops
• Initially, millet was the main crop (cereal, makes flour or alcohol)
• Sometime thereafter, the Chinese began cultivating rice
Shang Dynasty
c.1750-1050 BCE
•
Top 5
•
1. Agriculture
Bronze
• Bronze vessels necessary for ritual sacrifice
• Vessels for wine
• Vessels for food
• Vessels for water
• Musical instruments
Art and
Writing
Bronze from
Sang Dynasty
Writing
•
The earliest form of Chinese writing was the
pictograph
•
Pictographs were combined into ideographes to
represent complex or abstract notions
• The combination of “mother” and “child” renders “good”
New Technologies:
Bookbinding
Shang Dynasty
c.1750-1050 BCE
•
Top 5
•
1. Agriculture
•
2. Art (Bronze and
Writing)
Ancestor reverence
Ultimate source of political power was royal ancestors Deceased ministers had some influence
Dead went to Heaven
Intercede on behalf of descendants
Textbook Time!
• Page 228
Oracle Bones
• Principal instrument used
by fortune tellers in Ancient
China
• Diviners inscribed a
question on a broad bone
such as a tortoise shell and
placed it in a fire
– The fortune teller used
the cracks that
ORACLE BONES
• Explain what Oracle bones were used for.
Shang Dynasty
c.1750-1050 BCE
•
Top 5
•
1. Agriculture
•
2. Art (Bronze and
Writing)
•
3. Ancestors
Shang economic features
Tamed water buffalo
Economic Exchange
Economic Exchange
•
Somewhat limited by the mountain ranges and
deserts that stood between China and India and
southwest Asia
• Shipbuilding emerged during Zhou era and facilitated trade
•
Evidence of
• Cowrie shells from Burma and the Maldives
• Military technology from Mesopotamia
• Jade from central Asia
Shang Dynasty
c.1750-1050 BCE
•
Top 5
•
1. Agriculture
•
2. Art (Bronze and
Writing)
•
3. Ancestors
•
4. Money
New Technologies: Shang and
Military Success
• Shang ruling elites were able to monopolize production of bronze in the Yellow River Valley by controlling access to copper and tin ores
• Allowed Shang forces to defeat Xia forces who were equipped with only stone, wood, and bone weapons
• Shang nobles used bronze to make fittings for
New Technologies: Shang
and Military Success
Shang pictograph of composite bow
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
1076-221 BC(pronounced Jo)
• Top 5
• 1. Bureaucracy
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
1076-221 BC(pronounced Jo)
• Top 5
• 1. Bureaucracy
• 2. Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven
• Principles:
• right to rule is granted by Heaven.
• only one Heaven so only one ruler in China.
• right to rule depends on the virtue of the ruler.
• Advantages:
• It gives the ruler supreme power politically and religiously
• power kept in check by virtue.
What is the mandate
of heaven?
The
Dynastic
Cycle
A new dynasty comes to power.
Lives of common people improved; taxes reduced; farming encouraged. Problems begin (extensive wars, invasions, etc.) Taxes increase; men forced to work for army. Farming neglected. Govt. increases spending; corruption. Droughts, floods, famines occur. Poor lose
respect for govt. They join rebels & attack landlords.
Rebel bands find strong leader who
unites them. Attack the emperor.
Emperor is defeated !!
The emperor reforms the govt.
& makes it more efficient.
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
1076-221 BC(pronounced Jo)
• Top 5
• 1. Bureaucracy
• 2. Mandate of Heaven
• 3. Farming/iron
Farming!
• Controlling flooding and irrigation was developed during this time period
• 90% of peasants lived on farms in family compounds
• new iron tools increased harvest, food surpluses
• Iron age
• stronger and cheaper than bronze
• weapons strengthened Zhou army
• catapult
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
1076-221 BC(pronounced Jo)
• Top 5
• 1. Bureaucracy
• 2. Mandate of Heaven
• 3. Farming/Iron
• 4. Silk
New Technologies
Silk
•
During the Zhou era, the
Chinese discovered how to
make silk from the cocoons
of silkworms.
• Silk would become China’s most valuable export,
eventually linking them with most of the world through trade.
Specialization
•
Bronzesmiths
•
Jewelers
•
Jade workers
•
Embroiderers
•
Manufacturers of silk
textiles
• Silkworms are fed mulberry leaves, they molt and spin
cocoons, then workers boil the cocoons to produce the raw silk.
Zhou (Chou) Dynasty
1076-221 BC(pronounced Jo)
• Top 5
• 1. Bureaucracy
• 2. Mandate of Heaven
• 3. Farming/iron
• 4. Silk
• 5. War
Random Fact
…
• During the Zhou dynasty, Chop Sticks were invented
LEQ #1
•
What were the contributions of the
