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Section 4: A New Mass Culture

Leisure time:

Farm: On the farm, once the day was done you

played cards, read or sang around the piano, had

picnics with other farm families.

City Life:

(3)

Movies!!

Movie industry grew in Hollywood, California.

60-100 million Americans went to the movies each week.

Early in the decade there were silent movies.

Immigrants spoke little English but they were able to follow the story lines.

Movies were available to anyone with a few cents to spare.

Stars of the Silent era:

Charlie Chaplin- played “the Little Tramp”. (hobo, dreamer and poet but eternal optimist)

Rudolph Valentino – exotics desert Arabian sheik

(4)

Movies changed with the advent of the “Talkie”

First talkie was The Jazz Singer – sound

synchronized to the action.

(5)

Charlie Chaplin

(6)

Women wanted to be

like the “It” girl, and

wanted their men to be

“Sheiks” like Rudolf

(7)

The Radio

Produced a standardized culture. Everyone was listening to the

same music and radio.

The Radio: invented by Guglielmo Marconi. First radio station was

KDKA in Pittsburg PA.

Within 3 years there were almost 600 licensed stations with

600,000 radios.

Music, educational lectures, religious sermons, news and weather

Brought distant events into millions of homes

(8)

Phonographs

Could listen to music anytime you wanted.

Grooved disc recordings and superior sound

reproduction improved.

Spread country and western music.

Pop tunes from New York City’s Tin Pan Alley.

(9)

Age of Heroes

Babe Ruth –

baseball,

Sultan of Swat,

Homerun

record stood

for 30 years.

Gambler,

(10)

Bobby Jones – golf

(11)

Red Grange – football

(12)

Women athletes:

Helen Wills – tennis

(13)

Sports writers

Turned athletes into “immortal gods”.

Made the sport exciting.

Gave players great nicknames like Sultan of Swat for Babe

Ruth and the backfield of Notre Damn football the Four Horsemen.

The nation needed heroes – WWI shattered many dreams,

athletes gave people the sense that they could achieve greatness.

(14)

Charles Lindbergh – Lucky Lindy

Airplane pilots became a

romantic daredevil.

May 1927 he took off from

Long Island New York – his

plane was named “Spirit of St.

Louis.

He flew non stop across the

(15)

Aviator Charles Lindbergh

services his plane, "The Spirit of St. Louis," as he prepares for his historic solo flight from New York to Paris in May, 1927.

Women’s new roles

The new woman of the 1920’s – liberated, wore dresses with shorter hemlines, makeup, danced and shared political power with men.

Rejection of Victorian morality - Hair cut into a “bob”

Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming and Miriam Ferguson of Texas became the first women elected as State Governors.

National Women’s Party demanded equal rights and pushed for the passage of an Equal Rights Amendment.

Women lived longer, married later and had fewer children

Women devoted more time to either work or charity work

(16)

Women insisted on a new

role in the 1920s. Girls

became “co-eds”, bobbed

their hair, shortened their

skirts, powdered their

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Art and Literature

Thoughts: Sigmund Freud argued that much of

human behavior is driven not by rational

thought but by unconscious desires. Explore

the subconscious.

Modernist Art: moved away from

(19)

Modern Art

Edward Hopper

Man Ray

Joseph Stella

(20)

Art and Literature

Greenwich Village and the area south side of Chicago created the

“Bohemian” lifestyle = unconventional and free.

Modern American art- individual and modern experience

– John Marin

(21)

Edward Hopper: visual accuracy of realism to haunting scenes of modern disenchantment

convey a mood of loneliness and desolation by their emptiness or by the presence

(22)
(23)
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(25)
(26)
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Post War Literature

• “The Lost Generation” – no longer had faith in the cultural guideposts of the Victorian era.

Search for new truths and expression

F. Scott Fitzgerald- The Jazz Age – The Great Gatsby

• Earnest Hemingway- Disillusionment of postwar generation –: novelist, “heroic antiheroes” flawed individuals who were heroes. Famous works: For Whom the Bell Tolls and A Farewell to Arms.

Edith Wharton – Life among the rich in New York – The Age of Innocence.

(29)

William Faulkner – life in the South – The Sound and the

Fury.

Willa Cather – life on the Great Plains – My Antonia.

Eugene O’Neil: playwright, portrayed realistic characters and

situations, vision of life was often tragic. experimented with the subconscious . The Emperor Jones, Strange Interlude

T.S. Eliot - world filled with empty dreams- The Hollow Men

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African American Politics

Black vote in the north:

Most voted for Republican party since that was what

Abe Lincoln was.

They elected Oscar DePriest to be the first African

American representative to Congress

NAACP and Anti-lynching laws

Attempted several times to get Congress to pass laws

outlawing lynching.

(32)

Marcus Garvey

Dynamic leader calling for Negro Nationalism.

He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association – to promote black pride and unity.

Convention in Harlem:50,000 attended.

He wanted to create a settlement in Liberia Africa for them to move to

Middle class and intellectuals started moving away from his rhetoric.

(33)
(34)

Jazz. Blues, and the Theater

Louis Armstrong – jazz, a style of music influenced by Dixieland

music and ragtime.

Band was called the “Hot Five”

Famous song: “Cornet Chop Suey”

Duke Ellington – blend of improvisation and orchestration using

different combinations of instruments.

Songs: “Mood Indigo” and “Sophisticated Lady”

(35)

Music cont.

Bessie Smith: soul music, Empress of the Blues. Famous song:

Down Hearted Blues”

Shuffle Along was the first musical written. Produced and

performed by African Americans

Paul Robeson – Played in Emperor Jones, and Show Boat

Apollo theater- famous entertainment club

(36)

Harlem Renaissance

Great Migration of African Americans to the

North for better living conditions and work.

New York Suburb became known for the

movement called the Harlem Renaissance

Stimulated artistic development

(37)

The Writers of the Renaissance

• Claude McKay: wrote a collection of poems called Harlem Shadows

describing racism

Poems: The Lynching, and If We Must Die

Langston Hughes became the leading voice for the African American

experience.

Zora Neale Hurston: Jonah’s Gourd Vine and Their Eyes Were Watching

God. Portrayed rural African American culture.

Other famous writers: Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Countee Cullen, Alain

References

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