Chapter 5 Ancient Greece.ppt

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Classical

Greece

2000 B.C. – 300

B.C.

CHAPT

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WELCOME TO ANCIENT GREECE

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Cultures of the

Mountain & the Sea

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_{The Sea}_{The Sea}

Aegean, Ionian & Black Sea were _{Aegean, Ionian & Black Sea were}

important Transportation routes.

Important because Greece lacked natural _{Important because Greece lacked natural}

resources.

_{The Land}_{The Land}

_{Three-fourths of Ancient Greece was}_{Three-fourths of Ancient Greece was}

mountains.

_{Hard to unite under a single government.}_{Hard to unite under a single government.} Only 20% of land was arable or farmable._{Only 20% of land was arable or farmable.}

GEOGRAPHY SHAPES GREEK LIFE

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MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

DEVELOPS

_Mycenaean's_Mycenaean's

_{Earliest Greek settlers.}_{Earliest Greek settlers.} _{Ruled by warrior kings}_{Ruled by warrior kings}

who controlled local

production &

commercial trade.

_{Conquering the Minoans}_{Conquering the Minoans}

led to sea trading &

emergence of a culture

that will become the

roots of some Western

civilizations

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TROJAN WAR

 _{According to legend, a Greek Army}_{According to legend, a Greek Army}

besieged & destroyed Troy

besieged & destroyed Troy

because a Trojan had kidnapped

Helen, the wife of a Greek king.

Helen, the wife of a Greek king.  _{Truth or fiction?}_{Truth or fiction?}

 _{The myth about the city of Troy}_{The myth about the city of Troy}

was that it had been built by the

was that it had been built by the

gods Apollo and Poseidon, during a

time when they were being

punished by having to work among

men. The city fortress was so

men. The city fortress was so

strong that no armies had been

able to capture it. The king of Troy

was King Priam

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HOMER – DOH!



Homer



Author of

epics

(narrative poems

celebrating

heroic deeds)



Wrote

the Iliad &

the Odyssey

based on the

Trojan War.

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MYTHS

_Myths_Myths

Traditional stories _{Traditional stories}

about Greek Gods.

_{It explained the}_{It explained the}

mysteries of nature.

_{Greeks attributed}_{Greeks attributed}

human qualities = love,

hate, and jealousy.

Zeus was the ruler of _{Zeus was the ruler of}

the Gods who lived on

Mt. Olympus

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Warring

City-States

States

SECTIO

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_{Polis (city-state)}

_{Fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece}_{Fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece} _{Made up of a city & surrounding countryside}_{Made up of a city & surrounding countryside}

_{Political Structure (page 117)}_{Political Structure (page 117)}

_Monarchy



ruled by King

_Aristocracy



Ruled by nobles

_Oligarchy



Ruled by a few powerful people

_Tyranny



Rule by one powerful individual

RULE & ORDER IN GREEK CITY-STATES

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NEW KIND

OF ARMY

_{With iron replacing}_{With iron replacing} bronze as metal of

bronze as metal of

choice = now ordinary

citizens could arm to

defend themselves.

_{Citizens were expected}_{Citizens were expected} to defend the polis.

to defend the polis.

_Hoplites_Hoplites

_{Foot soldiers}_{Foot soldiers}

_Phalanx_Phalanx

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_{Located in Southern Greece cut off}_{Located in Southern Greece cut off}

from the rest of Greece.

from the rest of Greece.

_Assembly_Assembly

_{Free adult males who voted on}_{Free adult males who voted on} major issues

major issues

_{Council of Elders}_{Council of Elders}

_{5 elected officials}_{5 elected officials} called

called ephors.ephors.

_{Proposed laws,}_{Proposed laws,} controlled education &

controlled education &

prosecuted

law cases

law cases..

SPARTA BUILDS A MILITARY STATE

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SPARTA BUILDS A MILITARY STATE

_{Sparta’s population}

_{Citizens descended from} Laconia and Messenia

(colonies invaded by Sparta). These Messenians became

helots

helots (peasants forced to stay on the land they

worked).

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_{Spartan Education}

_{Male life revolved around military} training.

_{Men wrestled, ran & played sports;} Women managed the family estates.

_{Sparta came before anything else.}

_{They had the most powerful army, but}

had no arts or real culture.

SPARTA BUILDS A MILITARY STATE

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SPARTAN TRAINING

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ATHENS BUILDS A LIMITED

DEMOCRACY

 _{Like other city-states,} Athens went through a power struggle.

 _{Instead of civil war, there} was an attempt at

democracy (rule by the

people)

 _{Only free}_{Only free}_{adult males} were considered citizens.  _{Women had little to do}

with society, but was

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ATHENS BUILDS A LIMITED DEMOCRACY

 _{With repeated clashes}

between aristocrats and the common people = demand for written law

 _{Draco =}_{Draco =}_{wrote first}

legal codes dealing with contracts and property ownership.

 _{However there was still}

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ATHENS BUILDS A LIMITED DEMOCRACY

_Solon_Solon

_{Outlawed debt slavery}

_{Citizens could participate & debate}

in politics

_{Citizens could bring charges}

against wrongdoers

_{Initiated a profitable overseas trade} _{Neglected land reform = fighting}

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PERSIAN WARS (490 – 479

B.C.)

_{Wars between Greece}

& the Persian Empire that took place in Ionia on the coast of

Anatolia.

_{Began when Greeks}

revolted against the Persians.

_{Darius –}_{Darius –}_{Persian king}

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 _{Persians land at Marathon & were met by the}

Athenians.

 _{Thanks to the Athenians being neatly in a}

phalanx and the Persians had little training for land combat = the Persians were no

match for the Athenian army.

 _{However, Athens itself was defenseless until}

…..

PERSIAN WARS

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PERSIAN WARS

_Pheidippides_Pheidippides

_{A young runner}

who was to race back to Athens to bring news to the Athenians.

_{He delivered the} message,

collapsed & died.

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PERSIAN WARS

 _Xerxes_Xerxes

_{Darius’s son who wanted to crush Greece.}

 _{Advanced to} _Thermopylae_Thermopylae _{where they were}

held off by the Spartans.

 _{Greeks position themselves at} _Salamis_Salamis

southwest of Athens.

 _{Persian warships could not maneuver through the}

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THERMOPYLAE

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_{No Persian threat allowed Athens to become}

the leader of an alliance of 140 city-states called the Delian LeagueDelian League.

_{The league dispelled the Persians once & for}

all.

_{Athens was entering its Golden Age.}

PERSIAN WARS

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Democracy &

Greece’s

Golden Age

SECTION

3

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PERICLES’ THREE GOALS FOR ATHENS

_{From 461 to 429 B.C.}

Pericles

Pericles led Athens during its golden age.

_{His 3 goals:}

_{Strengthen Athenian}

democracy

_{To hold & strengthen} the empire

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_{Pericles increased the number of paid}

public officials, (even the poorer members of society could serve)

_{Athens had more citizens engaged in}

self-gov’t than any other city-state.

_{Direct Democracy}_{Direct Democracy}

_{Citizens rule directly & not}_{Citizens rule directly & not} through representatives

through representatives

_{TURN TO PAGE 120 IN TEXTBOOK}_{TURN TO PAGE 120 IN TEXTBOOK}

PERICLES’ THREE GOALS FOR

ATHENS

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_{Pericles used}

money from the Delian League to build a strong

navy for defense & trade.

_{Pericles also used}

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PERICLES

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_{Greeks invented}

drama & built the first theaters.

They used two types of drama.

_Tragedy_Tragedy

Serious drama with a tragic hero

_Comedy_Comedy

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_{Peloponnesian War}_{Peloponnesian War}

Athens was the strongest sea power,

Sparta had the land advantage

_{Pericles wanted to avoid land battles.}

_{Eventually Sparta marched into Athenian}

territory & burned the food supply.

_{Athens was safe as long as ships could}

sail into port with food from Athenian colonies.

_{Two events will spell disaster for Athens}

SPARTANS & ATHENIANS GO TO WAR

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_First:_First:

A plague killed between one-third to two-thirds

of Athens’ population (including Pericles)

_Second:_Second:

Athens’ failure to destroy the polis of Syracuse

(Sparta’s wealthiest ally)

_{By 404 B.C. Athens will surrender}

_{Many will begin to lose confidence in the}

democratic government and began looking for answers

SPARTANS & ATHENIANS GO TO WAR

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PHILOSOPHERS SEARCH FOR TRUTH

_{Philosophers meaning}_{“lovers of}_{“lovers of}

wisdom”

wisdom” were determined to find the truth.

_{They based their philosophy on}

the following:

_{(1) The universe is put together}

in an orderly way (subject to absolute and unchanging laws)

_{(2) People can understand these}

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SOCRATES

_{“The unexamined}

life is not worth living.”

_{Believed that}

absolute standards did exist for truth & justice.

_{Used the question}

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PLATO

_{Student of Socrates}

_Wrote _{The Republic}_{The Republic}_{which depicted his}

vision for a perfectly governed society = not a democracy

_{It would have three natural groups:}

_{Farmers and artisans}

_Warriors

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ARISTOTLE

_{A student at Plato’s}

school.

_{Questioned the nature}

of the world and of

human belief, thought & knowledge.

_{Provided bases of the}

scientific method used today

_{His most famous pupil}

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Alexander ~Empire

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ALEXANDER THE GREAT

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_{King Philip II}_{King Philip II}_{of Macedonia wants to}

take advantage of the Peloponnesian War.

_{The Macedonians will easily defeat the}

Greeks.

_{Philip’s son}_Alexander_Alexander

will eventually rule & become known as Alexander the Great.Alexander the Great.

PHILIP BUILDS MACEDONIA’S POWER

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ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE (PG. 130)

_{At the age of 20}

Alexander will

eventually conquer southwest Asia & yearned for more.

_{He will die shortly}

before his 33rd birthday.

_{His empire ended the}

independent Greek city states.

_{New cultures emerged}

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The

Spread

of

Hellenisti

c Culture

SECTIO

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_Hellenistic_Hellenistic

_{Combination of Greek, Egyptian,}_{Combination of Greek, Egyptian,}

Persian & Indian

_Alexandria_Alexandria

_{African city center of commerce &}_{African city center of commerce &}

civilization

_{City blocks lined with statues of}_{City blocks lined with statues of}

Greek gods, magnificent palaces,

museum & library.

HELLENISTIC CULTURE IN ALEXANDRIA

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_{Strides were made in astronomy}_{Strides were made in astronomy}

_{Ex – the sun was not smaller than}_{Ex – the sun was not smaller than}

Greece

_Ptolemy_Ptolemy_{put the earth at the center of the}_{put the earth at the center of the}

universe which was believed for the next

14 centuries.

_{Euclid –}_{Euclid –}_{the basis for geometry}_{the basis for geometry}

_Archimedes_Archimedes _{– estimated the value of pi,}_{– estimated the value of pi,}

law of the lever, invented the compound

pulley

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PHILOSOPHY & ART

_Stoicism_Stoicism

_{Divine power}_{Divine power}

controlled the

universe

_{Vices should be}_{Vices should be}

controlled

_Epicurus_Epicurus

_{Achieve harmony}_{Achieve harmony}

between body &

mind

_{Moderation of all}_{Moderation of all}

things.