Chapter 28_progressivism_ppt_APUS

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_{The Muckrakers}

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_{Progressive Era Goals}

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_{The role of Women}

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_{TR as a Progressive}

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_{His “Bully Pulplit”}

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_Trustbusting

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_{Conservation and}

societal

improvement

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_{Taft’s Presidency}

What are the problems in

Society??

Current problems – Let’s Make a list…

• _{Writers exposed:}

• _{Work and living conditions for the poor (esp. women}

and children).

• _{The corruption of big business and political machines.} • _{Nicknamed Muckrakers – Here are the most notable:}

• _{Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lived - New York}

Journalist who wrote about immigrants’ living conditions.

• _{Ida Tarbell – History of the Standard Oil Company}

(exposed monopolization of the oil industry).

• _{Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities and The}

Struggle for Self-government (exposed corrupt political machines).

• _{Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (exposed working}

conditions for immigrants in meat packing plants).

• _{Kick started the Progressive Movement – reform efforts to}

restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American society.

• _{Goal 1: Protecting Social Welfare – ex: Jane}

Addams and Social Gospel Movement

• _{Goal 2: Promoting Moral Improvement –}

Prohibition and the Women Christian Temperance Mov’t (WCTU) and Carrie Nation

• _{Goal 3: Creating Economic Reform – ex:}

take out big business monopolists (Trusts!)

• _{Goal 4: Fostering Efficiency – ex: scientific}

management (how quick can you do something)

• _{Henry Ford – created the assembly}

line to build the Model T – to keep workers happy, he reduced the

workday to 8hours and paid them $5 a day - worked harder and didn’t

complain.

Government Reform – Local and

State Level

•

_{Local Reform:}

_{Natural Disasters}

in Texas and Ohio led to the

creation of local

officials such as:

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_{1. Commissions/Committees}

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_{2. City Council}

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_{3. City Manager}

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_{Mayors – rooted out corruption,}

helped unemployed, regulated

taxes, lowered transportation

costs.

•

_{State Reform}

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_{Robert Lafollette}

(fighting bob) – Went after big

business in government (RR’s)

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_{Charles Aycock of NC– first}

• _{National Child Labor Committee started}

the Keating Owen Act – no goods made with child labor can be sold across state lines.

• _{Work Day – 10 hour for men and}

women

• _{Elections reforms:}

• _{initiative (bill from people)}

• _{recall (remove officials from office)} • _{referendum (people vote on an}

initiative)

• _{secret (Australian) ballot – all}

started by the Populist Movement.

• _{Amendments – 16th – Uniform Income}

Tax and 17th - Direct Election of Senators

Women in the Progressive Era

• _{Education – Vassar, Wellesley, and Smith Colleges}

for women (attendance is going up!)

• _{Middle/upper class women saw working}

conditions of poor women (Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911) and decided to start reform.

• _{They are the drivers of the Progressive movement!}

Reforms

• _{Carrie Nation and Prohibition movement –}

Women’s Christian Temperance

• _{led to 18th amendment – no alcohol sells or}

consumption.

• _{Susan B. Anthony/Alice Paul and Women’s}

suffrage movement – National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

• _{Strategy – Start with states, then pursued court}

cases against 14th amendment, then

Teddy Roosevelt as a

Progressive President

• _{Boxer (blinded), hunter, war hero, upper}

classmen, asthmatic, assistant secretary of the navy.

• _{governor, county and police}

commissioner, writer (over 40 books), cowboy rancher, and republican.

• _{T-totaler, avid outdoorsmen, experienced}

lots of family loss.

• _{Was VP until McKinley was assassinated}

in 1901 – became youngest Pres. to date (42)

• _{Modern Presidency - believed that the}

president is a steward of the people

• _{Do what you need to do to help the}

people unless prohibited by the constitution.

• _{Saw the presidency as his “bully}

• _{Created the Square Deal – progressive reforms}

created by his administration.

• _{Used his presidency (his “bully pulpit”) to}

end big business influences –

Reforms – had to deal with Big Business!

• _{Sherman anti-trust act was ineffective due to}

US v. EC Knight & Co (Manufacturing of a good could not regulated as a monopoly like

distribution of a good could)

• _{Became a Trustbuster (gave it power by filing}

suits) - Good and bad trusts and bad should be eliminated.

• _{Northern Securities RR monopoly – courts}

dissolved the company

• _{American Tobacco v. US – broke up one big}

tobacco company into several smaller ones.

Reforms supporting the “Underdog”

• _{Union support: 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike – TR}

intervened by inviting strike and operator reps to the white house (acted as arbitrator) and set a new

precedent for the government to intervene if needed. • _{Farmer support: RR’s regulation – ICC had little power –}

passed the Elkins Act (RR’s couldn’t give rebates and changes prices for certain customers).

• _{Women support: Created the Mann Act (illegal to move} women from state to state for immoral reasons).

• _{Urban support: Food and Drugs were regulated by the}

Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act (truth in labeling and a ban on bad drugs). • _{Natural Resources support: took conservation}

measures and transformed wilderness into protected land (National Reclamation Act).

TR-Conservationist

A Review: African Americans

• _{TR lacked in helping provide Civil Rights for}

Afams.

• _{He invited Booker T. Washington to the white}

house (first Afam to be invited) to symbolize TR’s support of Civil Rights

• _{Created the Tuskegee Institute to train}

Afams in skills – gave the Atlanta

Compromise Speech (Afams would be happy living by the “production of their hands”

• _{believed in technical education for ALL Afams}

providing gradual, positive change.

• _{Washington’s counterpart was WEB Dubois} • _{Created the National Association for the}

Advancement of Colored Peoples (NAACP) and wrote a newspaper called The Crisis to educate about injustices.

• _{believed in the talented tenth education in}

Taft as President

• _{1908 – TR states that he will not run again and} goes on Safari in Africa…

• _{Taft elected – groomed by TR to continue his} style of leadership.

• _{Bio – judge, governor, secretary of war, law} professor at Yale, chief justice of supreme court, President. – hesitant to use the

presidency like TR.

• _{Not made for the Presidency – too kind and} jovial for politics

• _{Foreign Policy: Taft used Dollar Diplomacy to} keep Europeans out and gain control of the

Caribbean – US gov’t guaranteed loans made to foreign countries by American Businessmen.

• _{Domestic Policy: Passed the Payne-Aldrich}

Tariff – was meant to lower tariffs but ended up doing the opposite – outraged Progressives