LED Cube 4x4x4

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Amazing 3 dimensional LED display.

64 LEDs makes up this 4 by 4 by 4 cube, controlled by an Atmel Atmega16 microcontroller.

Each LED can be addressed individually in software, enabling it to display amazing 3d animations!

8x8x8 LED cube now available, by popular demand:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Led-Cube-8x8x8/ (http://www.instructables.com /id/Led-Cube-8x8x8/) Related (http://cdn.instructables.com/FJN/F0KM/FE7ITU05/FJNF0KMFE7ITU05.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FHK/MB9E/FE7ITU15/FHKMB9EFE7ITU15.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FB1/NTXL/FE7ITU16/FB1NTXLFE7ITU16.LARGE.jpg)

About This Instructable

License: 922,201 views 1,164 favorites (/member /chr/) chr (/member/chr/) Follow

I like microcontrollers and LEDs :D 1203 Bio: (/id/Reverse-Engineering-RGB-LED-Bulb-with-IR-remote) (/id/Led-Cube-8x8x8) (/id/Ice-box-air-conditioner) More by chr

led cube (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-led cube/) led (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-led/) avr (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-avr/) atmega (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-atmega/) atmel (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-atmel/) microcontroller (/tag/type-id/category-technology /keyword-microcontroller/) 4x4x4 (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-4x4x4/) cube (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-cube/) atmega16 (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-atmega16/) electronics (/tag/type-id/category-technology/keyword-electronics/) Tags:

LED Cube 8x8x8 (/id/Led-Cube-8x8x8/)

by chr (/member/chr/)

LED Cube 4x4x4

+ Collection I Made it!

Download (/id/LED-Cube-4x4x4/?download=pdf) (/id/LED-Cube-4x4x4/) 11 Steps Favorite (/)

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Step 1: What you need

First of all, you need quite a bit of time to solder together 64 leds ;) Knowledge list:

Basic electronics and soldering skills

Know how to program an AVR microcontroller - I will not cover that in this instructable.

Component list:

Protoboard. The type with copper circles. Atmel AVR Atmega16 microcontroller Programmer to program the Atmega16 64 Leds

2 status leds. I used red and green. (optional) Max232 rs-232 chip, or equivalent.

16 resistors for leds. (100-400ohms) will get back to this. 2x resistor 470 ohm. for status leds

See More (/tag/type-id/?q=)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F6B/VMIP/FE7ITU4W/F6BVMIPFE7ITU4W.LARGE.jpg)

4×4×4 Led Cube (/id/Led-Cube-8/)

by pbajusz (/member/pbajusz/)

Led Cube 4x4x4 (/id/Led-Cube-4x4x4-6/)

by bajgik (/member/bajgik/)

4x4x4 LED cube, with MSP430, using only 3 pins (/id/4x4x4-LED-cube- with-MSP430-using-only-3-pins/)

Beginner's Guide - AVR Programming

(/id/Beginners-Guide-AVR-Programming/)

LED Cube 4x4x4

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1x resistor 10k 4x resistor 2.2k

4x NPN transistor BC338 (or other transistor capable of switching 250-ish mA)

1x 10uF capacitor 1x 1000uF capacitor 6x 0.1uF ceramic capacitor 2x 22pF ceramic capacitor 1x crystal 14.7456 MHz 2x tactile button optional pwr switch connector for 12v power optional connector for 5v power

Step 2: Multiplexing

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F7K/DAPC/FE7ITU7R/F7KDAPCFE7ITU7R.LARGE.jpg)

LED Cube 4x4x4

Download (/id/LED-Cube-4x4x4/?download=pdf) (/id/LED-Cube-4x4x4/) 11 Steps Favorite

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How to control 64 LEDs without using 64 individual wires? Multiplexing! Running a wire to the anode of each led would obviously be impractical, and would look really bad.

One way to get around this, is to split the cube into 4 layers of 16x16 LEDs. All the LEDs aligned in a vertical column share a common anode (+). All the LEDs on a horizontal layer share a common cathode (-).

Now if i want to light up the LED in the upper left corner in the back (0,0,3), I just supply GND (-) to the upper layer, and VCC (+) to the column in the left corner. If i only want to light up one led at a time, or only light up more than one layer at the same time.. this works fine.

However, if I also want to light up the bottom right corner in the front (3,3,0), I run into problems. When I supply GND to the lower layer and VCC to the front left column, I also light up the upper right led in the front (3,3,3), and the lower left LED in the back (0,0,0). This ghosting effect is impossible to workaround without adding 64 individual wires.

The way to work around it is to only light up one layer at a time, but do it so fast that the eye doesn't recognize that only one layer is lit at any time. This relies on a phenomenon called Persistence of vision (http://en.wikipedia.org

/wiki/Persistence_of_vision). Each layer is a 4x4 (16) image.

If we flash 4 16 led images one at a time, really fast, we get a 4x4x4 3d image!

Step 3: Making the cube, template

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FF7/MKMO/FE7ITU9F/FF7MKMOFE7ITU9F.LARGE.jpg)

LED Cube 4x4x4

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Soldering grids of 4x4 LEDs freehand would look terrible!

To get 4 perfect 4x4 grids of LEDs, we use a template to hold the them in place. I wanted to make the cube as easy as possible to make, so I chose to use the LEDs own legs as much as possible. The distance between the lines in the grid was decided by the length of the LED legs. I found that 25mm (about an inch) was the optimal distance between each led (between the center of each led that is!) to enable soldering without adding or cutting wire.

Find a piece of wood large enough to make a 4x4 grid of 2,5cm on. Draw up a 4x4 grid of lines.

Make dents in all the intersects with a center punch.

Find a drill bit that makes holes small enough so that the led will stay firmly in place, and big enough so that the led can easily be pulled out (without bending the wires..).

Drill the 16 holes.

Your ledcube template is done.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FEW/92OM/FE7ITUDA/FEW92OMFE7ITUDA.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F7Q/Z5ZC/FE7ITUD6/F7QZ5ZCFE7ITUD6.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FIV/II0O/FE7ITUD7/FIVII0OFE7ITUD7.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FY1/HMAK/FE7ITUD3/FY1HMAKFE7ITUD3.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/F6X/1QON/FE7ITUD4/F6X1QONFE7ITUD4.LARGE.jpg)

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Step 4: Making the cube, solder the layers

We make the cube in 4 layers of 4x4 leds, then solder them together. Create a layer:

Put in the LEDs along the back and along one side, and solder them together

Insert another row of LEDs and solder them together. Do one row at a time to leave place for the soldering iron!

Repeat the above step 2 more times.

add cross bracing in the front where the led rows are not connected. Repeat 4 times.

Step 5: Making the cube, connecting the layers

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FRK/ITQH/FE7ITUFC/FRKITQHFE7ITUFC.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FYA/95UN/FE7ITUFO/FYA95UNFE7ITUFO.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FP7/H73Z/FE7ITUFB/FP7H73ZFE7ITUFB.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/F3I/B9T2/FE7ITUHG/F3IB9T2FE7ITUHG.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FMT/HDF3/FE7ITUIE/FMTHDF3FE7ITUIE.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FT8/VFN5/FE7ITUH7/FT8VFN5FE7ITUH7.LARGE.jpg)

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Now that we have those 4 layers, all we have to do is to solder them together. Put one layer back in the template. This will be the top layer, so choose the prettiest one :)

Put another layer on top, and align one of the corners exactly 25mm (or whatever distance you used in your grid) above the first layer. This is the distance between the cathode wires.

Hold the corner in place with a helping hand and solder the corner anode of the first layer to the corner anode of the second layer. Do this for all the corners. Check if the layers are perfectly aligned in all dimensions. If not bend a little to adjust. Or re-solder of it's the height distance that's off. When they are perfectly aligned, solder the remaining 12 anodes together.

Repeat 3 times.

Step 6: Choosing resistor values

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FA7/H3MI/FE7ITUJV/FA7H3MIFE7ITUJV.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F2S/5TH2/FE7ITUKJ/F2S5TH2FE7ITUKJ.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FRO/TLGD/FE7ITUKB/FROTLGDFE7ITUKB.LARGE.jpg)

LED Cube 4x4x4

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There are two things to keep in mind when choosing a resistor value for your leds.

1) The LEDs 2) The AVR

The AVR has a maximum combined current rating of 200 mA. This gives us 12mA to work with per LED.

You also don't want to exceed the maximum current your leds are rated to. I used 220 ohm resistors on my cube. This gave me about 12mA per led.

Step 7: The controller

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F2V/NNF5/FE7ITUS0/F2VNNF5FE7ITUS0.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F4Z/XPGS/FE7ITUSF/F4ZXPGSFE7ITUSF.LARGE.jpg)

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The circuits controlling the led cube is described in the attached schematic image.

The RS-232 interface is optional. and can be omitted. That is IC2 and all the components connected to it. Future firmwares will enable PC communication.. Start by laying out all the components on you circuit board in a layout that enable all the components to connect with a minimal amount of wires. If everything fits, solder the circuit.

I won't give any more instructions on this, as the circuit probably will look very different from cube to cube, depending on the size of the circuit board etc.. Information on how to wire the cube to the controller circuit is in the next step.

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FMY/FND2/FEAHE8UU/FMYFND2FEAHE8UU.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/F1B/E4GN/FE7ITUU3/F1BE4GNFE7ITUU3.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FZ6/SWRG/FE7ITUU4/FZ6SWRGFE7ITUU4.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FK1/LGWS/FE7ITUU1/FK1LGWSFE7ITUU1.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/F3P/62AA/FE7ITUVT/F3P62AAFE7ITUVT.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FC0/JDST/FE7ITUU2/FC0JDSTFE7ITUU2.LARGE.jpg)

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LED Cube 4x4x4

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Step 8: Wire up the cube

Pictures explain this better than words. Please see the pictures.

Step 9: Compile and program

You now have a led cube. To make use of it, it needs some software.

I have made a driver for rendering a 3d data space on the cube, and functions to display some cool visual effects on the cube.

You can use my code, write your own or build on my code and make more effects.

If you make your own effects, please send me the code. I'm eager to see what you guys make!

To compile the program. Just open a command promt, enter the directory with the source code

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F49/VMDD/FEAHE8V8/F49VMDDFEAHE8V8.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FLX/LQ3F/FEAHE8WG/FLXLQ3FFEAHE8WG.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/F44/QU7A/FEAHE8WH/F44QU7AFEAHE8WH.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FA8/4EF1/FEAHE8WE/FA84EF1FEAHE8WE.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FES/6VDO/FEAHE8WF/FES6VDOFEAHE8WF.LARGE.jpg)

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type "make" on the command line.

If you want to use an ATMega32 instead of the ATMega16, just change the mcu setting in the Makefile and recompile (type make). If you use the m32 and don't do this step, the cube won't boot properly (the red and green lights will keep blinking forever).

You should now have a file named main.hex in the source directory. The next step will show you how to get that code into your cube.

4x4x4_ledcube-0.2.zip (/files/orig/FEM/AJUM/FJ1I6COK/FEMAJUMFJ1I6COK.zip)14 KB

4x4x4_ledcube.hex (/files/orig/F6J/RI6A/FJ1I6CP0/F6JRI6AFJ1I6CP0.tmp)19 KB

Step 10: Program the microcontroller

If you are experiencing problems with speed and/or some LEDs not

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FRY/TJRN/FNI43W6A/FRYTJRNFNI43W6A.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FAN/C5WI/FNI43W66/FANC5WIFNI43W66.LARGE.jpg) (http://cdn.instructables.com/FPH/6OK3/FNI43W67/FPH6OK3FNI43W67.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/F5T/HHB8/FNI43W65/F5THHB8FNI43W65.LARGE.jpg) Show All 8 Items

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To program the microcontroller, I use avrdude and the USBTinyISP programmer. http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude/ (http://savannah.nongnu.org /projects/avrdude/) http://www.ladyada.net/make/usbtinyisp/ (http://www.ladyada.net /make/usbtinyisp/) http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=16 (http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=16) My examples will be on an Ubuntu Linux system. The procedure should be pretty much identical on Windows, but I can't help you with that. If you use another programmer, read thet manual for that programmer and avrdude. First off, Let's just see if we can make contact with the AVR.

Connect the programmer to your cube and your computer.

The command is "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16", wherer -c specifies the programmer, and -p the AVR model. You can see the output in the images below.

Now, upload the firmware: "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 -U flash:w:main.hex". By now, the cube should reboot and start doing stuff. It will be running at 1mhz (very slowly) using it's internal oscillator. And some of the leds won't work, because some GPIO ports are used for JTAG by default.

To enable the external oscillator and disable JTAG, we need to program the fuse bytes:

run "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 -U lfuse:w:0xef:m" and "avrdude -c usbtiny -p m16 -U hfuse:w:0xc9:m".

Be carefull when doing this step! If you get it wrong, you can permanently destroy your microcontroller! If you are using another microcontroller than the ATMega16, be sure to read the datasheet carefully before changing the fuse bytes!

After writing the correct fuse bytes, the cube should reboot and start operating at regular speed with all leds operational.

Enjoy your new cube :D

Step 11: Go large - 8x8x8

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FHA/TS97/FNI43W6Y/FHATS97FNI43W6Y.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FII/OZYZ/FNI43W6X/FIIOZYZFNI43W6X.LARGE.jpg)

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After making this quite fancy 4x4x4 cube, I have also made an enormous 8x8x8 cube. I'll make an instructable for that one when I have time. Meanwhile, see

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FSF/VQ02/FJ34CXFQ/FSFVQ02FJ34CXFQ.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FF4/Z4KP/FJ34CXFP/FF4Z4KPFJ34CXFP.LARGE.jpg)

(http://cdn.instructables.com/FTP/AAW8/FJ34CXFG/FTPAAW8FJ34CXFG.LARGE.jpg)

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You can find the 8x8x8 version here: http://www.instructables.com/id/Led-Cube-8x8x8/ (http://www.instructables.com/id/Led-http://www.instructables.com/id/Led-Cube-8x8x8/)

Please rate this instructable if you like it! :)

egange (/member/egange/)

I recently made the cube. but i only have arduino to control it. Does anyone converted chr animation code to arduino? please helpp...

Steve25 (/member/Steve25/) egange

I gues not, but why don't you buy an usbasp from ebay? It will cost you only 3 euro!

kchauhan (/member/kchauhan/) Steve25

Sir can we use atmega 16 A instead of given above as I am only gettin A one on ebay so.... Please rply sir

egange (/member/egange/) Steve25

i already have asbasp programmer but i don't have Atmega32-16PU 40 pins. only atmega328 w/ 28 pins. im quite new in programming micro-controllers. i need to traslate chr code to be used in atmega328 or arduino. please helpp. :D

kchauhan (/member/kchauhan/)

Sir What is the total cost of whole project in INR ?

http://cdn.instructables.com/FA3/T0O5/FJ34CXFE/FA3T0O5FJ34CXFE.LARGE.jpg)

LED Cube 4x4x4

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4 months ago Reply (C2YUNWYHP0CWMNO) kchauhan (/member/kchauhan/)

Sir What is the total cost of whole project in INR ?

waka2007 (/member/waka2007/)

I want to make this for my first real project. I was wondering how important are the transistors and the capacitors. I have seen cubes that run with just LEDs and resistors so why the extra stuff?

mpick92 (/member/mpick92/) waka2007

The short answer is because he built his development board from scratch. If you look at an Arduino, all those components are placed on the board when it is manufactured (and then you have the input/output pins to use).

temi (/member/temi/)

can any one post me the 4x4x4' 'compiled' hex.? i cannot compile it withStudio6.0, talk less of programming it with my TL866A.

alexcavazos67 (/member/alexcavazos67/)

I just published a 3D-printable template for this project. I hope it is helpful to anyone out there.

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:229633 (http://www.thingiverse.com /thing:229633) (http://cdn.instructables.com/F9F/JA8R/HQLVMT9M /F9FJA8RHQLVMT9M.LARGE.jpg) wildatheart123 (/member/wildatheart123/) Hi guys

I built the circuit without the rs232-interface and programmed the (above attached) hex-file to the chip with a separate programmer. The status-leds are working, but none of the led's are lighting up. I measured the outputs (at cathode out from transistors and anode) and was surprised when my multimeter gave me a negative voltage.

Has anyone experienced the same problem ever?

Steve25 (/member/Steve25/) wildatheart123

I build it to without the rs232 interface and did not have that experience. Did you connect you're transistors right? My transistor had an TO-92 package (CEO). I nearly connected them wrong.

LED Cube 4x4x4

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4 months ago Reply (C699DOFHO7XP5G5) wildatheart123 (/member/wildatheart123/) Steve25

Hi Steve, You were right. I connected the transistors wrong. Now some Leds are lighting up but they only go on for about 10 secs and off again. Did you program the chip in circuit as in this instructable or on a separate programmer?

Yes i followed all steps in this guide. When i uploaded the program, 4 rows didn't light up. But after setting the fusebits it worked perfect.

If you also followed all the steps there might be an problem in you're wiring.

wildatheart123 (/member/wildatheart123/) Steve25

Hi Steve

It's running now! I indeed set the fuses wrong. thanks for your help! all the best

Great to hear! I'm happy that you got it working.

I build it to without the rs232 interface and did not have that experience. Did you connect you're transistors right? My transistor had an TO-92 package (CEO). I nearly connected them wrong.

erdiegange (/member/erdiegange/)

Can i use 16Mhz Crystal instead of 14.7456?

I just cant wait if ill buy the exact 16Mhz that i need. xD

manoulis (/member/manoulis/)

Hey dude, nice work there, I'm trying really hard to make one myself, I have entered the atmel site but I see two different types of Atmel AVR Atmega16 microcontroller in PDIP.

Here is the link of the site too: http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega16.aspx

Can you please tell me which one should I order ??? Thank you in advance

Steve25 (/member/Steve25/) manoulis

I bought the atmega16-16PU. But you can use the atmega16-8PU aswell so the choice is yours

LED Cube 4x4x4

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5 months ago Reply (C0BX9IIHN82HKJS) Steve25 (/member/Steve25/)

male connector 2x5 rm 2,54mm? Bought it at conrad

Miguel3105c (/member/Miguel3105c/) Steve25

thanks really appreciate.

Miguel3105c (/member/Miguel3105c/)

hi guys as am new in electronic i would like to know from where do you get the socket for the AVR PROG coz i really cant find one and the name plz thanks

Miguel3105c (/member/Miguel3105c/)

hi guys as am new in electronic i would like to know from where do you get the socket for the AVR PROG coz i really cant find one and the name plz thanks

sadomukas (/member/sadomukas/)

Thank all for answers. Now I have othe trouble, not all of leds is working and some always lithing very brightly.

Steve25 (/member/Steve25/) sadomukas

Hi sadomukas. I can't tell what's causing this problem i only can give you suggestions. First check out you're connections again. If that's all good then check you're resistor value's. If the value's are good as well then check you're leds. There is a possibility that you're leds are damaged. To check this out, take out you're volt meter and put it on bleep ore diode. You're Leds should light up when you touch them. If they do not then they are broken and should be replaced.

If this is all good then the last thing i can think of is that you broke you're chip again.

Hope this will help you out good luck again!

sadomukas (/member/sadomukas/)

Hi everyone. Please help for me. I have done this cube, but when i try to programme it LM 7805 makes verry hot ant computer cant connect to atmega16 im using programmer: http://www.ebay.com/itm/1PCS-USBasp-USBISP-3-3V-5V-AVR-Programmer-USB-ATMEGA8-New-/261021924011?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0& hash=item3cc61e7aab

I have destroyed 4 atmegas16 and i spended a lot of money. please help for me

LED Cube 4x4x4

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An another suggestion if you use you're usbasp with windows you should install a driver for it. This can be the reason why you can't connect you're computer to you're atmega16! This driver can be found at http://www.fischl.de /usbasp/. This driver is called usbasp-windriver.2011-05-28.zip.

Good luck and hopefully you can get it working!

Steve25 (/member/Steve25/) sadomukas

Hi sadomukas. The firsting you should check are you're connections? Is everything connected right to you're ATMEGA16?

If you are programming don't connect you're 12v power supply! You're programmer already giving 5v! If you do you can cause alot of damage to you're chip and circuit! Did you change the programmer in you're program to usbasp instead of usbtiny?

And at last did you use the right resistors?

Hope this suggestions will help you out! Goodluck

Steve25 (/member/Steve25/)

Hey chr i got a couple of questions. I want to build this cube but why did you put in jumper 3? Its not standing on you're components list so can i leave it out? And why do you have connected a connector to the 323max ic? Well hope to get a respond so i can start building!

mrdrako (/member/mrdrako/)

I made a scrolling font that works on this 4x4x4 cube. By making the font 4 wide by 5 tall, and scrolling vertically, it becomes recognizable. It required a new file, font.c, and some changes/additions to draw.c, and you have to add an #include line in main.c. If you are interested, it can be found on github here:

https://github.com/mrdrako/4x4x4-LED-Cube/

aneamţu (/member/aneam%C5%A3u/)

Thanks a lot for this instructable. I built one too and it's running your code.

LED Cube 4x4x4

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8 months ago Reply (C049TLUHJKBK6Y3) mrdrako (/member/mrdrako/)

Awesome job. I just finished building mine. I have one issue, hoping someone can make a recommendation on. The column that connects to pin 29 of the chip does not work. There is continuity from the pin to the column, so it's not a break in the circuit. I am not sure how to troubleshoot. Any ideas? Other than that column, it works beautifully.

mrdrako (/member/mrdrako/) mrdrako

Disregard. For some reason the pin was not making contact in the socket. Removed and reseated the chip and it works!

Now I can start playing around!

tboultwood1 (/member/tboultwood1/)

For the metal bracing, what sort of wire did you use? Not sure on what to buy for that :S Great guide!

Cubytus (/member/Cubytus/)

Would it be possible to power a 5x5 cube using the same AVR, but using different code? How would that be possible? regards

Cubytus (/member/Cubytus/)

Hi,

I want to start constructing this 4x4x4 monochrome LED cube since I have a ton of big yellow LEDs I can't find any use for. I just noticed that I still have a plenty of LEDs, so would I be able to drive a 5x5 cube with slighty changing the code of the Atmel AVR, without any other change? Or does it need a bigger power supply?

xsandman.32 (/member/xsandman.32/)

Hey, just wanted to say thanks for this incredible instructable! I finished my cube a couple weeks ago (nearly) flawlessly by following these directions. Next up: an 8x8x8, and learning to etch the pcb in an attempt to make the circuit footprint smaller.

LED Cube 4x4x4

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Make Comment obsidianjaguar (/member/obsidianjaguar/)

Hi there , I just built this version of a rgb 4x4x4 cube

http://www.freetronics.com/products/cube4-4x4x4-rgb-led-cube

Since it uses Ardunio the code is quite different ... Is there a way to Translate your animations , so that they would work with the cube I built?

viveksridhar (/member/viveksridhar/)

Can you let me know if I'm calculating the resistor values for the transistors correctly?

Since there are 16 LEDs connected to each transistor, the current limiting resistor for those LEDs would be 40 ohms.

If I'm using a 2N2222 transistor (Hfe = 100), with the base voltage at 5v, wouldn't the base resistor be 312 ohms?

Sorry if this is a stupid question, but I'm just trying to understand how you get the resistor values and how they relate to the transistor and everything.

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