Corporate and Public Wireless LANs Wireless WANs wLAN and wWAN Compared Access Methods Mobile Computing Approaches The Business Case for Mobility Summary

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Mobility Basics

Web-based Training

Mobility Basics

Web-based Training

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The Aim of this Training

Understand the Basics of Mobile Wireless Technology

Gain New Perspectives on Mobile Wireless Approaches

Realize the Business Case for Mobile Working

For Maximum Effectiveness:

Give yourself ample time to complete the training Choose a location that has minimal disruptions – like a quiet meeting room

You do not have to complete the training all at once Be sure to take the questionnaire once you’ve

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Training Modules

Corporate and Public Wireless LANs Wireless WANs

wLAN and wWAN Compared Access Methods

Mobile Computing Approaches The Business Case for Mobility Summary

Corporate and Public Wireless LANs Wireless WANs

wLAN and wWAN Compared Access Methods

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4

About Wireless LANs

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Wireless LANs – A Brief History

First Wireless data communications sent over 50 years ago during WWII.

Norm Abramson continued the research at the

University of Hawaii

Alohanet was born in 1971

First Wireless data communications sent over 50 years ago during WWII.

Norm Abramson continued the research at the

University of Hawaii

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Wireless LANs Evolve

1993 – IEEE standards for 801.11 finalized

1995 – Aironet formed by Wayport/MobileStar

1999 – Cisco acquires Aironet

1999 – Apple becomes the first OS maker to support

Wi-Fi with AirPort

2000 – Media frenzy ignites when Intel publishes “Unsafe at any key size; an analysis of the WEP encapsulation.”

1993 – IEEE standards for 801.11 finalized

1995 – Aironet formed by Wayport/MobileStar

1999 – Cisco acquires Aironet

1999 – Apple becomes the first OS maker to support

Wi-Fi with AirPort

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Terminology

IEEE – the association that created the 802.11 standard

GHz – the waves that transmit data

Frequency – describes how fast the waves move (KHz, MHz, GHz)

Frequency Division Multiplexing – a technique for carrying many data transmissions over a

shared frequency

WEP – Wired Equivalent Privacy, standard

defined by the IEEE to make the link equal to that of a cable.

IEEE – the association that created the 802.11

standard

GHz – the waves that transmit data

Frequency – describes how fast the waves move (KHz, MHz, GHz)

Frequency Division Multiplexing – a technique for carrying many data transmissions over a

shared frequency

WEP – Wired Equivalent Privacy, standard

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Terminology

802.11b / Wi-Fi – provides speeds between 1–11Mbps, and resilience for signal

degradation

802.11a – a newer standard that provides speeds between 6–54 Mbps, but has a shorter range than 802.11b

802.11g – offers speeds up to 54Mbps and signal resilience. Expected to be available late 2003.

802.1X – A specification for access control, it is a user authentication protocol. Do not

confuse this with 802.11x. (Where x = b,a or g)

802.11b / Wi-Fi – provides speeds between 1–11Mbps, and resilience for signal

degradation

802.11a – a newer standard that provides speeds between 6–54 Mbps, but has a shorter range than 802.11b

802.11g – offers speeds up to 54Mbps and signal resilience. Expected to be available late 2003.

802.1X – A specification for access control, it is a user authentication protocol. Do not

confuse this with 802.11x. (Where x = b,a or g)

First standard to be released

Second standard to be

released

Not available yet

An access control protocol,

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Wireless LAN Components

Typical

Access Points/Routers Wireless LAN Adaptors

+

OR

A Device with Built-in 802.11b

Such as the latest Tablet PCs and PDAs Vendors:

3Com Actiontec Alvarion Apple Ayaya Cisco

Colubris

Networks D-Link Enterasys Ericsson IBM Intel Intermec Linksys NetGear Nokia

Nortel

Networks Orinoco Proxim

Psion-Teklogix Raylink SMC Symbol

U.S.

(10)

About

Public

Wireless LANs

About

Public

Wireless LANs

Public wireless LANs are also called “Hot Spots”

Public wLAN providers see public wireless networks as a “natural evolution” to proprietary wLAN networks

Research projects are underway to find ways to extend public wLAN range to 50km or more

Much speculation about how public wLANs will impact GSM/GPRS data services

– _{Will they Compete or Converge?}

Public wireless LANs are also called

“Hot Spots”

Public wLAN providers see public wireless networks as a “natural evolution” to proprietary wLAN networks

Research projects are underway to find ways to extend public wLAN range to 50km or more

Much speculation about how public wLANs will impact GSM/GPRS data services

– Will they Compete or Converge?

A Typical Coffee Café

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About Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Two types of WPANs: proprietary, and IEEE standards-based

– _{Proprietary: IBM’s Bluetooth, released July 1999} – _{IEEE Standards-based: 802.15, also known as}

Ultrawideband (UWB)

The upcoming 802.15, UWB standard is

based on Bluetooth but with one significant enhancement:

– _{It’s up to 100x faster than Bluetooth}

Areas-of-use may begin to diverge:

– _{Bluetooth may be used to connect corporate}

computers, printers and devices

– _{UWB may be used to connect televisions, cable}

boxes, DVD players, and other home appliances

Two types of WPANs: proprietary, and IEEE standards-based

– _{Proprietary: IBM’s Bluetooth, released July 1999} – _{IEEE Standards-based: 802.15, also known as}

Ultrawideband (UWB)

The upcoming 802.15, UWB standard is

based on Bluetooth but with one significant enhancement:

– _{It’s up to 100x faster than Bluetooth}

Areas-of-use may begin to diverge:

– _{Bluetooth may be used to connect corporate}

computers, printers and devices

– _{UWB may be used to connect televisions, cable}

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Section Summary

Wireless LANs have only been widely available since 1999.

802.1X is a user authentication protocol, NOT a consensus standard

802.11a and 802.11b are the two available standards today

802.11b was established BEFORE 802.11a 802.11b is also known as Wi-Fi

801.11g is an emerging standard that will be available later in 2003

wLAN components are: access point, router, and adaptor card

wPAN: The UWB, 802.15 standard is in

development with IEEE; Bluetooth is available now

Wireless LANs have only been widely available since 1999.

802.11a and 802.11b are the two available standards today

801.11g is an emerging standard that will be available later in 2003

wLAN components are: access point, router, and adaptor card

wPAN: The UWB, 802.15 standard is in

development with IEEE; Bluetooth is available now

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13

About Wireless WANs

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What is a Wireless WAN?

wWAN is a carrier operated cellular network that transmits both voice and data

wWAN technology is divided into three types:

– _1G_{(first generation) – voice only}

– _AMPS

– _2G_{(second generation) – circuit-switched voice & data}

– _CDPD

– _2.5G_{– HSCSD packet-data service enhancements to the 2G network}

used for increased speed (to 58Kpbs) and connection resilience

– _{GSM, TDMA, CDMA and PCS}

– _3G_{(third generation) – re-designed for increased capacity,}

speed and efficiency they carry both voice and data, and can provide +/- 144Kbps

– _{GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)}

wWAN is a carrier operated cellular network that transmits both voice and data

wWAN technology is divided into three types:

– _1G_{(first generation) – voice only}

– _AMPS

– _2G_{(second generation) – circuit-switched voice & data}

– _CDPD

– _2.5G_{– HSCSD packet-data service enhancements to the 2G network}

used for increased speed (to 58Kpbs) and connection resilience

– _{GSM, TDMA, CDMA and PCS}

– _3G_{(third generation) – re-designed for increased capacity,}

speed and efficiency they carry both voice and data, and can provide +/- 144Kbps

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Acronyms

Most Common:

GSM - Global System for Mobile communications GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA2000 (1xRTT) - next generation Code Division Multiple Access CDPD - Cellular Digital Packet Data

PCS - Personal Communications Service

Other:

AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched Data iDEN - Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access

WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

Most Common:

GSM - Global System for Mobile communications GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA2000 (1xRTT) - next generation Code Division Multiple Access CDPD - Cellular Digital Packet Data

PCS - Personal Communications Service

Other:

AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched Data iDEN - Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access

WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

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Terminology

Wireless Spectrum – available band of frequencies used to carry voice and data signals

Circuit Switching – used to carry voice Packet Switching – used to carry data

– _{Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)}

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum – packets transmitted over several

frequencies in case one frequency is lost

WAP (wireless application protocol) – used to transmit specific presentation services and data over small form

factors such as phones

Dual-band and Tri-band – phones that support two or more voice networks

Wireless Spectrum – available band of frequencies used to carry voice and data signals

Circuit Switching – used to carry voice Packet Switching – used to carry data

– _{Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)}

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum – packets transmitted over several

frequencies in case one frequency is lost

WAP (wireless application protocol) – used to transmit specific presentation services and data over small form

factors such as phones

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wWAN Components

wWAN

Adaptor Devices with a PCM/CIA Slot

Devices with built-in functionality

(Cell) Transmission Tower

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wLAN & wWAN Comparison

Feature Wireless LAN Wireless WAN Geographical Coverage

Area

Small: Typically in building or campus. Some cold spots may prevent network access but typically these can be addressed.

Large: Can be Nationwide. Cold spots may prevent network access.

“In Building” coverage Typically very good assuming the access points are setup properly.

In a building with leaded glass, reflective windows or thick concrete walls, coverage can be poor except close to windows. Large buildings can also cast a shadow blocking out signals behind it.

“In Vehicle” coverage None - Unless the vehicle is in a covered building or campus.

Typically works well, even when moving.

Throughput High (11-50 Mbps) but often shared by many users Moderate, but typically each user gets between 50-144Kbps on the newer faster GPRS networks

Latency Low, typically less than 10mSec. High, typically 300-1000mSec

Setup Cost Low to moderately expensive to cover a large building or campus.

Access card costs are relatively small and sometimes free with service.

Setup Complexity Relatively easy for small one access point network. Can be complex for large building or campus – expert will likely be needed.

Easy, the carriers have done the hard work setting up the network for you.

Usage Cost Free airtime, though system maintenance and troubleshooting is an ongoing expense.

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Section Summary

The most advanced wireless WAN technologies today are GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)

Since no consensus standard exists today, there is much debate whether GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT) technologies are considered 2.5G or 3G

Some devices are being developed with wWAN and wLAN functionality built-in.

ATM is the most common packet switching methodology used today

wWANs are simple to set up wWAN components:

– _{Either a wWAN adaptor card or device with built-in}

functionality

– _{Device with PCM/CIA slot}

– _{Service to the preferred carrier operators’ data network}

The most advanced wireless WAN technologies today are GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)

Since no consensus standard exists today, there is much debate whether GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT) technologies are considered 2.5G or 3G

Some devices are being developed with wWAN and wLAN functionality built-in.

ATM is the most common packet switching methodology used today

– _{Either a wWAN adaptor card or device with built-in}

functionality

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20

Access Models & Network

Methodologies for Mobile Working

Access Models & Network

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Access Methods

Real-time

Off-line or Synchronized

Hybrid

Real-time

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Access Methods

Real-time –

always

connected to

company applications, data and

resources

Real-time –

always

connected to

resources

Food Service

(23)

Access Methods

Hybrid –

sometimes

connected to

resources

Hybrid –

sometimes

connected to

resources

Rural Area

(24)

Access Methods

Off-line (Synchronized) –

not

connected to company applications,

data and resources

Off-line (Synchronized) –

not

connected to company applications,

data and resources

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Network Methodologies

Build a mobile solution from scratch

– _Benefits:

– _{deliver specific resources to the mobile employee}

– _Drawbacks:

– _{long application development cycle}

– _{addition of mobile middleware}

– _{new network to manage}

– _{only suited to specific devices and browsers}

Extend existing network to mobile users

– _Benefits:

– _{manage mobile users as a new group on the same network}

– _{access to the same corporate resources that office employees enjoy}

– _{IT maintains only one network}

– _{user security}

– _Drawbacks:

– _{if the network does not have thin-client/server capabilities performance}

can be inadequate

Build a mobile solution from scratch

– _Benefits:

– _{deliver specific resources to the mobile employee}

– _Drawbacks:

– _{long application development cycle} – _{addition of mobile middleware}

– _{new network to manage}

– _{only suited to specific devices and browsers}

Extend existing network to mobile users

– _Benefits:

– _{manage mobile users as a new group on the same network}

– _{access to the same corporate resources that office employees enjoy} – _{IT maintains only one network}

– _{user security}

– _Drawbacks:

– _{if the network does not have thin-client/server capabilities performance}

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Section Summary

There are 3 access models:

– _Real-time – _Off-line – _Hybrid

There are two common mobile networking methodologies:

– _Custom – _Extended

Mobile middleware is a means to make two disparate networks compatible

There are 3 access models:

There are two common mobile networking methodologies:

Mobile middleware is a means to make two disparate networks compatible

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27

The Business Case for Mobility

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The Business Case for Mobility

3 major IT areas to consider are:

– _{Application diversity}

– _{Device diversity}

– _{Network diversity}

– _{Security policies}

Impact to business

– _{Shorter cycles}

– _{Reduced administration and overhead}

– _{Better service levels}

– _{Effectively competing}

Impact to employees

– _{Better decision making capabilities}

– _{Less frustration and error}

– _{Higher sales}

3 major IT areas to consider are:

– _{Application diversity} – _{Device diversity}

– _{Network diversity} – _{Security policies}

Impact to business

– _{Shorter cycles}

– _{Reduced administration and overhead} – _{Better service levels}

– _{Effectively competing}

Impact to employees

– _{Better decision making capabilities} – _{Less frustration and error}

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The Business Case for Mobile Office

Mobile Office - providing remote access to corporate email, calendar, tasks and

contacts

Mobile Office - providing remote access to corporate email, calendar, tasks and

contacts

Figure 1

How strong is the busine ss ca se for Mobile Office?

Compelling - major business

benefits 23% Not Relevant

13%

Quite Strong 43% Weak - hard to

justify 1%

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The Business Case for Enterprise Apps

The companies that see mobile access as relevant to their business rate it either

compelling, quite strong or borderline.

The companies that see mobile access as relevant to their business rate it either

compelling, quite strong or borderline.

Figure 2

How strong is the busine ss ca se for providing remote wireless access to enterprise applications?

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Mobile office Sales force automation Field service support Logistics and transportation Professional services

automation Other applications

(31)

Application Diversity

Important to address application diversity when considering a mobile solution

Field professionals may need to see other

applications besides SFA or mobile office

Not cost effective to

implement mechanisms for each application

Important to address application diversity when considering a mobile solution

Field professionals may need to see other

applications besides SFA or mobile office

Not cost effective to

(32)

Device Diversity

Figure 3

Over the next two years how important will different types of de vice s be for white collar workerswhen accessing business applications remotely?

-80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Laptops/notebooks

Standard PDAs

Tablet computers

Wireless enabled PDAs

Smartphones

Traditional WAP phones

Specialist devices

Lowest Very High Highest

Figure 4

Over the next two years how important will different types of device s be for blue collar workerswhen accessing busine ss applications remotely?

-50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Standard PDAs

Specialist devices

Wireless enabled PDAs

Smartphones

Laptops/notebooks

Tablet computers

Traditional WAP phones

The device market is a very dynamic area

Organisations should

choose a mobile solution that is not

device-specific

The device market is a very dynamic area

Organisations should

choose a mobile solution that is not

(33)

Network Diversity

50% of European businesses want to allow employee roaming outside the office

50% of European businesses want to allow employee roaming outside the office

Figure 5

Interest in Wireless LAN

-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Specific applications

such as warehousing and shop floor automation Convenience of roaming

within buildings Roaming outside the office, e.g. via public

access WLANs Ease and cost of office

cabling

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Network Diversity

Figure 6

When do you expect next generation data networks to impact your business?

•0% •10% •20% •30%

Within 1 year

From 12-18 months

From 19-24 months

In 3 years

Unlikely to impact at all

(35)

Choosing the Right Vendor

Companies are moving away from niche mobility suppliers and looking for a solid company

Most are working a suppliers’ financial stability into the procurement model and decision making process

Companies are moving away from niche mobility suppliers and looking for a solid company

Most are working a suppliers’ financial stability into the procurement model and decision making process

Figure 7

Do you intend to progre ssively standardise around a small number of strategic vendors?

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Yes, we have completely standardised already

Yes, we are in process of standardisation We are actively considering stadardisation No, we have not

considered standardisation

Figure 8

Today, do you evaluate the financial viability of external suppl iers more closely before signing contracts?

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Not an issue - we only deal with major

companies Its our standard practice - no change

Yes [will be doing so]

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The Skill Set Barrier

Figure 10

What are the major barriers to using wireless technology to exte nd the reach of corporate applications?

-10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Availability of Skills & Experience Cost of implementation Security Making the Business Case / ROI Justification Management awarenesss of opportunities and issues Cost of Airtime for Data services Network Performance & Reliability Network Coverage

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Security Policies

Figure 10

What are the major barriers to using wireless technology to extend the reach of corporate applications?

-10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Availability of Skills & Experience Cost of implementation Security Making the Business Case / ROI Justification Management awarenesss of opportunities and issues Cost of Airtime for Data services Network Performance & Reliability Network Coverage

(38)

Section Summary

Application diversity

– _{businesses need to have a solution that can add}

new applications as needed

Device diversity

– _{The device market is so dynamanic companies}

should not limit themselves to one device

Network diversity

– _{Users will always need flexible access methods. It’s}

important to plan for this

Financially Strong Vendor

– _{Organisations are weary of start-ups or niche}

solutions

Security policies

– _{It’s important to consider a security policy for PDAs}

and other devices that may slip through the corporate radar

Application diversity

– _{businesses need to have a solution that can add}

new applications as needed

Device diversity

– _{The device market is so dynamanic companies}

should not limit themselves to one device

Financially Strong Vendor

– _{Organisations are weary of start-ups or niche}

solutions

Security policies

– _{It’s important to consider a security policy for PDAs}

and other devices that may slip through the corporate radar

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39

Training Summary

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Training Summary

Wireless LANs have only been widely available since 1999.

802.11a and 802.11b are the two available standards today

wLAN components are: access point, router, and adaptor card

wPAN: The UWB, 802.15 standard is in development with IEEE; Bluetooth is available now

Wireless LANs have only been widely available since 1999.

802.11a and 802.11b are the two available standards today

wLAN components are: access point, router, and adaptor card

(41)

Training Summary

The most advanced wireless WAN technologies today are GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)

Since no consensus standard exists today, there is much debate whether GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)

technologies are considered 2.5G or 3G

Some devices are being developed with wWAN and wLAN functionality built-in.

ATM is the most common packet switching methodology used today

wWANs are simple to set up wWAN components:

– _{Either a wWAN adaptor card or device with built-in functionality} – _{Device with PCM/CIA slot}

The most advanced wireless WAN technologies today are GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)

Since no consensus standard exists today, there is much debate whether GSM, GPRS and CDMA2000 (1xRTT)

technologies are considered 2.5G or 3G

Some devices are being developed with wWAN and wLAN functionality built-in.

ATM is the most common packet switching methodology used today

– _{Either a wWAN adaptor card or device with built-in functionality}

(42)

Training Summary

There are 3 access models:

There are two common mobile networking methodologies:

Mobile middleware is a means to make two disparate networks compatible

There are 3 access models:

– _Real-time – Off-line – _Hybrid

There are two common mobile networking methodologies:

(43)

Training Summary

Application diversity

– _{businesses need to have a solution that can add new}

applications as needed

Device diversity

– _{The device market is so dynamanic companies should not}

limit themselves to one device

Financially Strong Vendor

– _{Organisations are weary of start-ups or niche solutions}

Security policies

– _{It’s important to consider a security policy for PDAs and}

other devices that may slip through the corporate radar

Application diversity

– _{businesses need to have a solution that can add new}

applications as needed

Device diversity

– _{The device market is so dynamanic companies should not}

limit themselves to one device

Financially Strong Vendor

– _{Organisations are weary of start-ups or niche solutions}

Security policies

– _{It’s important to consider a security policy for PDAs and}

(44)

Sources of Information

QNB Intelligence Report, 2002

CIO’s Guide to Mobile Computing, Citrix, August 2002

Vendors push Ultrawideband as a wireless alternative, Grant Ross, March 2003

Wi-Fi Timeline, August 2002

Frequently Asked Questions, June 2002

Consolidating 3G and wLAN, ZDNet article, February 2003 The 802.11 Report, April 2003

Fierce Wireless, April 2003

Growing Mobile Workforce Demands, IDC 2002

QNB Intelligence Report, 2002

CIO’s Guide to Mobile Computing, Citrix, August 2002

Vendors push Ultrawideband as a wireless alternative, Grant Ross, March 2003

Wi-Fi Timeline, August 2002

Frequently Asked Questions, June 2002

Consolidating 3G and wLAN, ZDNet article, February 2003 The 802.11 Report, April 2003

Fierce Wireless, April 2003

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