LLAMA Project (Large Latin American Millimetre Array)

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Z. Abraham 4_{, E.M. Arnal}1,2_{, G. Giménez de Castro}5_{, E. M. de Gouveia dal Pino}4_,

J.J. Larrarte 1_{, J. Lepine} 4_{, R. Morras}1,2_{, J. Viramonte}3

LLAMA Project

(Large Latin American Millimetre Array)

1) Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, CONICET, Argentina 2) Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Argentina 3) Instituto Geonorte, CONICET-UNSa, Argentina

4) Instituto de Astronomía e Geofísica, USP, Brazil

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The main goal of this presentation is to provide to the

audience with an overall view of the LLAMA project and its current status

a)  What is LLAMA? b)  Funding agencies

c)  Where will LLAMA be located?

d)  Observing modes and scientific goals e)  How LLAMA will look like

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LLAMA (Large Latin American Millimetre Array) is a joint scientific and technological undertaking of Argentina and Brazil on the basis of an equal investment share, whose main goal is both to install and to operate an

observing a mm/submm facility in a high altitude place, located in the northwestern region of Argentina.

What is LLAMA?

Argentina will provide local infrastructure (access road to the site; buildings at site and main headquarters at SAC; energy provision, etc.) and formation of human resources in strategic areas (holographic system; M&C real time software development; AIV; calibration loads,etc.)

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Construction phase :

• Argentina

- Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (MINCyT) (Secretaria de Articulación Científico -Tecnológica) (~U$ 7.3 million)

- Salta Government (~ U$ 1.8 million) Brasil

- Fundación de Apoyo a la Investigacion Cientifica del Estado de San Pablo (FAPESP) (~U$ 9.25 million)

Science phase (including Commisioning):

Argentina

- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (up to U$ 600.000/year)

Brasil

- Universidad de San Pablo (USP)

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Where will LLAMA be located?

SP

Salta

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Salta SAC ALMA APEX ASTE Antofagasta Paranal

SAC= San Antonio de los Cobres

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20 km

LLAMA site and its surroundings

SAC

LLAMA

Site

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Observing modes

•  

As a radiometer on its own (stand alone mode)

•  

As part of a local VLBI network with ALMA,

APEX, ASTE (VLBI mode)

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ALMA – Alto Chorrillos

126 km

132 km

ALMA,ASTE,APEX,CCAT

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VLBI mode

ü  A “local” VLBI network associated with ALMA,

APEX, and ASTE. It will reach an angular resolution of the order of 0”.001 (1 mas) at a wavelength of

1mm (300 GHz) (x 10 ALMA ).(Angular size of a $1 coin at 4950 km)

ü  In the mid-run, at “low” (35- 50 GHz) may be part of

an expanded “southamerican” VLBI network

[Argentina (LLAMA, CART), Bolivia (Chacaltaya), Brazil (Atibaia), Chile (ALMA, APEX, ASTE), Perú (Huancayo)].

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Expanded Southamerican VLBI network

Huancayo (Peru) Chacaltaya (Bolivia) Itapetinga (Brazil) ALMA

(Chile) LLAMA _(Arg)

2000 km

1500 km

CART

Fortaleza (Brazil)

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Main Dish- 12 m, overall weight ~ 102 Tn

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ü  Two ASTE-like cryostats ( capacity 3 Rx each. Nasmyth Foci)

ü  One Cassegrain focus and two Nasmyth Foci

ü  Rx 183 GHz (ambient temp.)- PWV monitoring

ü  Cryostat 1 (first light): Rx priorities (2 pol.)

a) Band 5 ALMA ( 162 – 211 GHz) [OSO – Sweden]

b) Band 9 ALMA (602 – 720 GHz) [NOVA – The Netherlands]

c) Band 6 ALMA (211 – 275 GHz) [NOVA- The Netherlands?]]

a) Band 7 ALMA ( 275 – 373 GHz) [IRAM – France]

b) Band 3 ALMA (84 - 116 GHz, MMIC Tech.) [ Co. Calán – Chile ?] c) Band 1 ALMA ( 35 – 50 GHz) [Co. Calán – Chile]

ü  Cryostat 2: Rx priorities (2 pol.)

ü  Cryostat 3 (Cass. focus): Bolometer/ heterodyne array

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Summing up

a)  Take the initiative in a global Project. This action would place the countries of

the region in an advantageous position to participate in an extended version of the project thereby stretching their intellectual and technological roles in a growing Latinamerican astronomy.

b) An initial US$ 18-19 million investment will allow for partial integration within a global project that is worth US$ 1.400 millions.

c)  It will allow to test and correct regional scientific-technological integration, step

by step, and in a progressive way, since a “natural” extension of this project may in the future require the installation of antennae in several countries in the region.

d) It is an ideal context to train human resources in Materials Engineering and Microwave Technologies, with applications to Telecommunications, Surveying of Natural Resources, Microelectronics and Business Management, at a national and regional level.

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Summing up

e) LLAMA will be an observing facility open to astronomers from elsewhere, through collaboration with scientists of Argentina and Brazil.

f) It should act as a “catalyst” to strenghten the existing bonds among

the astronomical communities of Argentina and Brazil and colleagues/institutions around the world.

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Muito obrigado

Muchas gracias

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Dr. J. Kooi (JPL, CALTECH): Optical layout of radiotelescope. Dr. J. Ibsen (ALMA, Chile): Computing.

Eng. R. Finger (Univ. Chile): General Electronics and Receivers

Eng. R. Reeves (Univ. Concepción, Chile): Calibration loads and WVR. Dr. J. Baars (NOVA, The Netherlands): Antenna construction at Vertex. Eng. J. P. García (Former ALMA Eng., Chile): General Electronics

Dr. XXX (NOVA, The Netherlands): Band 6 and Band 9 receivers Dr. XXX (Onsala, Sweden): Band 5 receiver

Eng. F. Santoro (XXX): Overall mechanical layout of the system. Dr. S. Asayama (ALMA, NOAJ): Cryostats

External Project Adviser: Dr. Thijs de Graauw

(Former ALMA Director)

External Advisory Scientifc Committee

Dra. C, Cesarky (Former ESO Director) Dr. R. Giovanelli (Cornell)

Dr. I. F. Mirabel (CONICET) Dr. L-A Nyman (ALMA)

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ü  400 hectares allocated to the project by Salta province.

Construction of observatory and related facilities (~300 m2_).

ü  7800m2 allocated to the project at SAC (SAC County).

Construction of main basecamp (~800 m2_).

ü  2014 budget made fully available by MINCyT and 2015

budget is being processed.

Current status

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ü  As March 2015, final steps related to:

ü  the bidding process associated with the

construction of the access road to site (9/15 – 02/16). ü  the Executive Projects for the infrastructure at

both SAC (Salta) and Alto Chorrillos.

ü  the design of the energy provision system to the

site (Salta, 300 KW active power at site).

ü  Environmental Impact studies at both SAC and

Alto Chorrillos.

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FAPESP WEEK BUENOS AIRES, 7 - 10 APRIL, 2015

Atmospheric Transparency

Sites above 4500m λ= 3 mm λ= 1 mm λ= 0,43 mm λ= 0,30 mm LLAMA Phase I Phase II

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FAPESP WEEK BUENOS AIRES, 7 - 10 APRIL, 2015

JCMT + CSO + SMA Mauna Kea 4100 m USA (USA)

LMT Sierra Negra 4600 m Mexico (Mexico, USA)

LLAMA Alto Chorrillo 4800 m Argentina (Argentina, Brazil)

NANTEN-2 Chajnantor 4865 m Chile (Japan, Korea) ALMA-ACA Chajnantor 5000 m Chile

(EEUU,ESO,Japan/Taiwan) APEX Chajnantor 5000 m Chile (Sweden,Germany,ESO) ASTE Chajnantor 5100 m Chile (Japan)

CCAT Chajnantor 5600 m Chile (USA)

ACA Alma Compact Array (4 x 12 m + 12 x 7m) ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter Array (50 x 12 m ) APEX Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (12 m)

ASTE Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (10 m)

CCAT Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope (25 m)

CSO Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (10 m) JCMT James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (15 m)

LLAMA Long Latin American Millimetre Array (12 m) LMT Large Millimetre Telescope (50 m)

NANTEN-2 Nagoya University Telescope (4 m)