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OPTIMIZERx OPRX. Buy. Optimizing/Monetizing Pharmaceutical Distribution $0.90 $4.00. Refer to the last two pages of this report for Disclosures

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OPRX

Buy

Initiation Current Price

$0.90

Target Price

$4.00

Market Capitalization 21.03M Shares Outstanding 23.36M Float 11.13M Institutional Holdings 4.00% 12-month Low/High $0.86/$2.12 Average 90-day Volume

33,048 Fiscal Year End

Dec 31 Revenues ($ MIL)

Period 2013A 2014E 2015E Q1 0.67A 1.32A 1.92E Q2 1.10A 1.45A 2.12E Q3 1.37A 1.70E 3.08E Q4 1.81A 2.13E 4.12E   4.96A 6.60E 11.25E EPS ($ MIL)

Period 2013A 2014E 2015E Q1 (0.01)A (0.04)A 0.01E

   

 Expect company to grow rapidly for several years as pharmaceutical industry shifts marketing dollars from legacy sales representative model, comprising $15 billion per year, towards company's core pharmaceutical platform

Continued growth of distribution capacity and pharmaceutical clients, as well as brand expansion at existing clients, should be key growth drivers of pharmaceutical platform Favorable trends, which include rapid growth of e-prescribing activity, and physician time pressures, should provide tailwinds for pharmaceutical platform

Opportunities in adjacent markets; veterinarian pharmaceutical platform should provide meaningful contribution over time

Our 12-18 month price target is $4, which is based on 20x our 2016 EPS forecast of $0.20

Equity Research

Vincent Colicchio, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Business Services & Software (561) 994-5725 [email protected]

Noble Financial Capital Markets

Trading: (561) 998-5489 Sales: (561) 998-5491 www.noblefcm.com

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Investment Thesis

We expect the company to grow rapidly over several years as the pharmaceutical industry shifts marketing dollars from sales representatives toward the company's core pharmaceutical platform. Continued growth of distribution capacity and pharmaceutical clients, as well as brand expansion at existing clients, should be the key growth drivers. Favorable trends, which include rapid growth of e-Prescribing activity and physician time pressures, should continue to provide tailwinds for the company's pharmaceutical platform business. Other products, such as the company's veterinarian pharmaceutical platform, should provide a meaningful contribution over time. We believe the current valuation of OPRX shares is compelling, as demonstrated in table 1.

Key Positives

The company's products/services offer pharmaceutical firms alternative, but more productive ways to spend their multi-billion dollar marketing budgets.

We expect the pharmaceutical industry to shift marketing dollars from their legacy sales representative model, comprising $15 billion per year, toward the company's core (SampleMD) pharmaceutical platform. The company has built a large distribution network for SampleMD, consisting of more than 350 electronic health record (EHR) and e-Prescribing platforms, which provides substantial capacity for growth.

Some of the company's large pharmaceutical clients are strong advocates for the company's pharmaceutical platform, an important factor to attracting new clients.

Rapid growth of e-Prescribing should make physicians more amenable to the use of SampleMD.

The company has significant opportunities to extend its technology into related markets, such as the multi-billion dollar veterinarian market, where it recently added an animal pharmaceutical platform. In the

veterinarian market, we forecast that the company has an incremental revenue opportunity of $10 million per year from Heartworm prescriptions alone.

Several members of the company's senior management team have significant experience in the

pharmaceutical business (in general management, finance and marketing), which should prove invaluable to the company.

The company has a strong balance sheet, with no debt, as demonstrated in table 5.

Key Risks

Getting the pharmaceutical industry to transfer marketing dollars from their legacy sales representative model toward the company's (SampleMD) pharmaceutical platform may take longer than expected due to

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financial impact on the company due to high levels of revenue concentration. During 2013, the company's two largest clients, which are Eli Lilly (LLY: Not Rated) and Alcon, generated 58% of total revenue. Alcon is a division of Novartis (NVS: Not Rated).

The pharmaceutical and broader healthcare market consists of large players with ample financial resources, such as major pharmaceutical firms and large EHR vendors, which could decide to fund a competing product. A small portion of EHR vendors, amounting to 20% to 30% of the market, have shown no interest in

partnering with a third-party pharmaceutical platform.

Valuation Rationale - Price Target is $4

As demonstrated in table 1, OPRX shares are trading at a substantial discount to the peer group average on enterprise value to revenue, enterprise value to EBITDA and price-to-earnings to growth (PEG) multiples on 2015 and 2016 forecasts.

Our 12-18 month price target is $4, which is based on 20x our 2016 EPS forecast of $0.20. The 20x multiple is based on multiplying a 0.6x PEG by our five-year EPS compound annual growth rate (CAGR) forecast of 35%. The 0.6x PEG used in our valuation represents a steep discount to the peer group average multiple of 1.3x to (conservatively) account for liquidity risk. For more details on our valuation, see valuation summary section of the report.  

Business Description

The company ("OPTIMIZERx") provides Web-based software platforms that help pharmaceutical firms improve the awareness/distribution of their products with physicians, and help patients better afford and comply with their

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medications. SampleMD, the company's primary product, comprised approximately 95% of year-to-date revenue. This product provides a direct link between pharmaceutical firms and physicians, where the latter can access drug sample vouchers and co-payment coupons. Currently integrated into over 350 EHR and

e-Prescribing platforms, SampleMD reaches over 250,000 healthcare providers. OPTIMIZERx.com is a consumer portal that provides access to healthcare savings programs. The company provides consulting services, which help clients shift marketing budgets toward non-traditional/more productive channels.  The company's client list includes over 20 brand name pharmaceutical companies, some of which are included in table 2.

Company History

OPTIMIZERx was formed in the State of Michigan in January 2006, incorporated in the State of Michigan in October 2007 and went public through a reverse merger in April 2008. The company was founded by a group of pharmaceutical industry veterans whose initial focus was helping consumers (and their physicians) address weak drug compliance, caused by escalating drug costs, through better utilization of available resources. The company's first Website, named OPTIMIZERx.com, was designed to educate consumers on the nature of their

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healthcare firms. In 2010, the company introduced SampleMD, a Web-based platform that directly connected pharmaceutical firms and physicians for the exchange of sample vouchers, co-payment coupons and electronic patient support tools. SampleMD could be fully integrated into any EHR or e-Prescribing system. In April 2014, the company introduced the concept of VoucherDVM, a Web-based platform targeting the multi-billion dollar veterinarian market with animal pharmaceutical sample vouchers and co-payment coupons. The initial beta test for VoucherDVM should start in early 2015.

Drug Assistance Plans are Underutilized Asset

Almost every major pharmaceutical company offers a co-payment assistance plan. Studies demonstrate that these programs improve first-time prescription fill rates and overall medication adherence. Other studies show that physicians are more likely to prescribe a brand if they are aware that savings are available for their patient. Despite the value of these programs, many are underutilized due to the weakening impact of pharmaceutical sales representatives.

Trends Open Door for Alternative (Pharmaceutical) Channel

Regulatory changes and demographic factors have reduced the effectiveness of pharmaceutical sales representatives, the conventional mainstay of pharmaceutical marketing, thereby opening the door for

alternatives. For decades pharmaceutical sales representatives have been used to build product awareness and distribute drugs through "detailing," which involves calling on physicians to deliver drug sample vouchers, co-payment coupons and other fringe benefits.

Several regulatory changes have made it more difficult for pharmaceutical sales representatives to provide financial benefits to physicians. In 2008, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) revised their code of ethics, involving restrictions on gifts to physicians unless they were education related. In 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released their final regulations on the Physician Payment Sunshine Act (PPSA). These regulations require pharmaceutical firms to disclose any "transfers of value" exceeding $10, thereby putting a spotlight on their relationships with physicians. The transfers of value include free meals that sales representatives bring to physicians' offices, fees paid to physicians to talk about a company's drug to other physicians at restaurants, compensation for clinical trial research and consulting fees. This regulation should reduce the impact of conventional marketing approaches, including sales

representatives, since it brings transparency to financial incentives. Some physicians have already reduced their interaction with the industry because they know it will be reported publicly.

Physician time has been, and is likely to continue to be, under significant pressure due to the impact of managed care, the aging population and the expansion of coverage through the Affordable Care Act (ACA). According to forecasts by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), as demonstrated in figure 1, the number of physicians in the U.S. is expected to be relatively flat over the next few years, while demand is expected to grow rapidly. The AAMC expects a shortage of nearly 100,000 physicians in 2020. The ACA may

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accelerate the retirement of physicians, thereby making a bad situation worse. A survey by the Physicians Foundation found that 60% of doctors would retire today if they could, which is an increase from 45% before the law was passed. 

Given the reduced effectiveness of sales representatives, we expect the pharmaceutical industry to shift marketing dollars from the legacy sales representative model, toward the company's core (SampleMD) pharmaceutical platform. As demonstrated in figure 2, Cegedim Strategic Data indicates that pharmaceutical firms spent $15 billion on detailing in 2012.

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Changing Environment Supports Pharmaceutical Platform

Changes in the healthcare market have helped stimulate the use of pharmaceutical platforms to build product awareness and distribute products to physicians. These trends include the rapid adoption of EHR (and e-Prescribing) platforms and the rapid growth of e-prescriptions. EHR platforms typically have e-Prescribing capabilities built into their systems. The HITECH Act, passed in 2009, subsidized the adoption of EHR platforms through the use of financial incentives, which spurred rapid adoption. To receive incentive payments, providers had to demonstrate meaningful use of the technology. Examples of meaningful use include recording patient information as structured data and electronic prescribing. The CDC National Center for Health Statistics' EHR survey, conducted in 2013, found that 78% of office-based physicians were using an EHR system. The

widespread prevalence of EHR platforms (as well as e-Prescribing platforms), combined with the introduction of e-prescription network capacity from Surescripts, resulted in rapid growth of e-prescription activity. Surescripts is the only national network connecting healthcare providers for the exchange of healthcare information (including prescription information) through a single point of connectivity. In 2012, Surescripts forecast that the number of e-prescriptions would reach 78% of all prescriptions by 2016. As demonstrated in figure 3, in 2013, Surescripts forecast that the number of e-prescriptions would grow from 68 million in 2008 to 2 billion in 2016. We expect physicians that use e-Prescribing technology to be amenable to the use of the company's

pharmaceutical platform.

One of the company's largest clients hired Cognizant Technology (CTSH: Not Rated), a global leader in technology and business services, to conduct an independent analysis of their SampleMD program across multiple pharmaceutical brands. The study found a 300% to 800% return on investment based solely on the increase in prescriptions generated from the physicians' greater awareness of financial assistance at the

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point-of-prescription. Significantly, the improved performance was consistent across all segments and geographies.

Sales & Marketing Approach

The company plans to invest in several marketing activities to improve product awareness for its SampleMD, OPTIMIZERx.com and VoucherDVM products. These include industry/partner events, e-mail campaigns, Internet marketing, public relations campaigns, direct-to-consumer marketing, trade media advertising and strategic relationships. For SampleMD, the company's marketing activities are targeting pharmaceutical firms on the product supply side and EHR/e-Prescribing platforms on the demand side. 

Industry events are the most effective marketing approach used by the company. Most recently, on October 1, 2014, the company sponsored the CBInet EHR Pharmaceutical Industry Conference, which generated a large number of leads for SampleMD. Some of the company's large pharmaceutical clients have been strong advocates for the company's pharmaceutical platform, an important factor to attracting new pharmaceutical clients and distribution partners.

The company's point of contact with pharmaceutical companies is typically with single brand teams or multi-channel directors. Contacts at the director level are preferable to contacts at the individual brand level because it gives the company the opportunity to add multiple brands. 

The key selling points used by the company to market its products to pharmaceutical companies include the following:

SampleMD has the largest capacity to deliver targeted promotional and incentive messaging to physicians due to its linkage with a large number of electronic health platforms.

Electronic health platforms, which include electronic health records (EHR), electronic medical records (EMR) and e-Prescribing systems, are a more cost effective way to reach physicians and patients than external websites, which have been the main form of non-conventional marketing by pharmaceutical firms. Pharmaceutical firms interested in maintaining/growing market share must advertise their financial and educational support programs in channels that involve e-prescription activity.

The company formed a strategic marketing partnership with WPP's (WPPGY: Not Rated) Grey Health Group ("Grey"), a well known advertising agency in the healthcare market, through which the companies will jointly market the company's SampleMD product and related training services. The company is also working with other WPP agencies to develop and sell new services. Possibilities include video-based calls between pharmaceutical agents and physicians. Grey can help add new pharmaceutical brands to the SampleMD platform due to its senior relationships in the pharmaceutical industry. 

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Company Product Overview

The company's principal products are summarized below: SampleMD

SampleMD functions as a "pharmaceutical platform" that allows doctors and their staff to access a universe of sample vouchers, co-payment coupons and other patient support online through their EHR and/or e-Prescribing systems. The vouchers and coupons can be electronically dispensed directly to patients and a national network of pharmacies. This system is an online substitute for the physical, in-person "detailing" activities performed by pharmaceutical sales representatives.   

Eliminating the need for physicians to manage and store physical drug samples, SampleMD offers a more convenient/efficient way to allocate, administer and track samples and co-payment savings for patients. With SampleMD, physicians can search, review and print sample trial vouchers and co-payment coupons for their patients. The application can run stand alone on the desktop or can be integrated into the physician's EHR or e-Prescribing system. The company has partnered with a large number of EHR firms to provide the latter.

SampleMD has rule-based technology that enables the physician to find the appropriate voucher or co-payment coupon for patients depending on pharmaceutical firms' predetermined rules for eligibility. Offers can be

segmented by geography, age, gender, physician specialty or other unique characteristics. 

SampleMD is currently integrated into over 350 electronic health record (EHR) and e-Prescribing platforms, through which it reaches more than 250,000 healthcare providers. SampleMD comprised approximately 95% of year-to-date revenue.

OPTIMIZEHR

This consulting practice is focused on helping pharmaceutical firms develop and implement new digital

strategies for promoting their products. The consulting services involve: 1) strategy development, a service that helps pharmaceutical firms develop a strategy to take advantage of new media technologies, 2) drug file integration, a service to ensure that the producer's drugs are present in all e-Prescribing platforms, and 3) sales force training, a service to educate the extended field sales force on new media solutions, and how to maximize the impact of these approaches. OPTIMIZEHR comprised approximately 5% of year-to-date revenue.

OPTIMIZERx.com

The company has a direct-to-consumer website, serving as a healthcare savings platform, which allows patients to centrally review and participate in prescription and healthcare savings and support programs. To date, OPTIMIZERx.com has 2.4 million users.

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VoucherDVM

VoucherDVM is an animal pharmaceutical platform that provides veterinarians with online access to

pharmaceutical sample vouchers and co-payment coupons. Competition from online pet pharmacies and big box retailers has pressured veterinarians' pharmaceutical profit margins. This has had a significant negative impact on veterinarians since prescription revenue typically comprises 30% of total veterinarian revenue.  By offering vouchers and coupons to veterinarians online, veterinarians can offer products at price points that are competitive with online pet pharmacies and big box retailers and generate a healthy profit margin at the same time. Another benefit of the platform is that it helps drug suppliers improve convenience and affordability for consumers. The product integrates easily into veterinarian practice management software or is available through a downloadable desktop application. 

The company is currently in negotiations with leading platforms, meaning veterinarian practice management software companies, to offer the product nationally and in certain international markets. We believe the

company can generate $10 million of annual revenue from heartworm medication alone. Our estimate is based on assuming that the company gets vouchers on 10% of the 20 million heartworm prescriptions written annually, and assuming the company receives $5 per voucher.

Pharmaceutical Platform has Patent Protection

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the company was awarded a patent for SampleMD, under U.S. patent number 8,341,015. The awarded claims cover the company's ability to electronically process, display and distribute eligible prescription savings on the medications and therapies medical providers wish to offer their patients. The company's patent represents several improvements over prior art as summarized in table 3.

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The company has retained Harness, Dickey & Pierce, a nationally ranked IP firm, to help secure more patents. Through this relationship, the company has filed two additional patents. The company also used this firm to file a patent infringement lawsuit against Physicians Interactive. That lawsuit has since been dropped after the company concluded that Physicians Interactive wasn't a meaningful threat.

The intellectual property used by the company's pharmaceutical platform falls under a broad patent owned by LDM, which is a third-party. In a legal settlement with LDM, the company agreed to pay 10% of the distribution revenue generated from SampleMD in exchange for non-exclusive use of LDM intellectual property.

Competitive Landscape

Pharmaceutical platform market

SampleMD has faced limited competition from a small number of players in the pharmaceutical platform market. As the first mover and initial developer of the technology, the company had a head start. Consequently, other players, such as Physicians Interactive, have much smaller networks, significantly less pharmaceutical clients and less brand recognition than the company. A small portion of EHR system vendors are not interested in partnering with a third-party pharmaceutical platform. This behavior may reflect that these vendors plan to offer competing systems in the future.

Consumer healthcare platform market

The consumer healthcare platform market is highly competitive. The market is dominated by large well-known companies with established names, such as Quality Health, WebMD (WBMD: Not Rated), McKesson (MCK: Not Rated) and Drugs.com.

Animal pharmaceutical platform market

We believe the company will be the first organization to introduce an animal pharmaceutical platform. We expect the company to face competition from online pet pharmacies, such as PetMed Express (PETS: Hold) and big box retailers, such as PetSmart (PETM: Not Rated). Unlike conventional (animal) pharmaceutical sales, working with a pharmaceutical platform enables veterinarians to sell pharmaceuticals to clients at competitive prices.

Senior Management Has Relevant Industry Experience

Several members of the senior management team have extensive experience in the pharmaceutical industry (in general management, finance and marketing), which should prove invaluable to the company.

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Board, Director, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Strategic Officer. From 2003 to 2005, Mr. Harrell was

employed as Vice President of Development for Meridian. Previously, from 1999 to 2003, Mr. Harrell worked as Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Advance Graphic Systems. Prior to that, Mr. Harrell was employed for ten years at SmithKline Beecham where he specialized in the managed markets healthcare segment.

David Lester

Mr. Lester has served the company as Director, Chief Operating Officer, Secretary and Treasurer since 2009. Previously, he worked as Director, Consumer & Industrial Products Marketing for Deloitte. Prior to that, he worked as Director, Industry Strategy & Marketing, and Manufacturing Industries at Sun Microsystems. Terrence Hamilton

Mr. Hamilton has served the company as a Director and Vice President of Sales since February 2008. From 2005 to 2008, Mr. Hamilton worked as Manager at MedImmune. Prior to that, he worked at Glaxo SmithKline (GSK: Not Rated) pharmaceuticals for 13 years of which he was National Account Manager for the last six years of his tenure. Over the past 19 years, Mr. Hamilton worked in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries within various sales, marketing and managed markets management positions.

Douglas Baker

Mr. Baker has served the company as Chief Financial Officer from May 2014 to the present. From 2009 to 2014, Mr. Baker worked as Director and Chief Executive Officer of Applied Nanotech Holdings and from 1996 to 2009, as Director and Chief Financial Officer of the same company. Overall, Mr. Baker has over 23 years of

experience with public companies.

Revenue & Cost Accounting Overview

Revenue recognition

The company recognizes revenue after it has received payment and all products/services have been delivered and accepted by customers. Revenue is generated from Web-based activities, involving advertising and lead generation, from SampleMD, involving the distribution of sample vouchers and co-payment coupons through EHR and e-Prescribing systems and from reselling complementary third-party services. With SampleMD, every time a voucher or coupon is used the pharmaceutical firm pays the company $4 to $5.

Revenue share or direct costs

Based on the volume generated by channel partners, and the revenue share rate, the company shares its revenue with partners to compensate them for helping promote campaigns. For SampleMD, the revenue share ranges from 40% to 50%. In addition, another 10% is paid to LDM, per the legal settlement between LDM and the company.

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Overhead costs

The company's overhead costs consist of corporate salaries, wages and benefits expenses, professional services expenses, advertising expenses, rent expenses, settlement expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses.

Second Quarter 2014 Earnings Review

The company reported second quarter 2014 earnings of $0.00 per share, which was less than the street consensus forecast and only estimate of $0.01.

The following analysis compares second quarter 2014 results with (restated) second quarter 2013 results rather than second quarter 2013 results, as initially reported, to make the comparison more meaningful. The initial second quarter 2013 results were restated due to a change in the way the company accounts for revenue share expense.

Revenue grew 32% year-over-year from $1.1 million in second quarter 2013 and 10% sequentially from $1.3 million in first quarter 2014 to $1.5 million in second quarter 2014. The revenue increases were driven by strong demand in all major revenue categories including distribution fees and setup, reporting, and other (SRO) fees. The improvement was caused by growth in the number of pharmaceutical brands being promoted and the number of distribution channels.

Gross margin increased year-over-year from 59% in second quarter 2013 and sequentially from 62% in first quarter 2014 to 63% in second quarter 2014. The year-over-year increase was caused by a faster percentage increase in revenue than revenue share expense. While revenue share is largely tied to distribution, which did grow in the quarter, a growing percentage of revenue came from SRO fees that are not subject to revenue share. 

Expecting Healthy Revenue/EPS Growth

Revenue outlook

We expect rapid revenue growth in 2014 through 2016 primarily due to increased distribution sales from the company's SampleMD platform. Growth should accelerate in 2015 and 2016 as the number of SampleMD partner sites, pharmaceutical firm clients and pharmaceutical brands (with existing clients) continues to grow, and the company's animal pharmaceutical platform starts to gain traction. As demonstrated in figure 4, coupon distribution has grown rapidly in recent years. 

Growth slowed in 2014 due to a tough comparison and technical issues with the Allscripts' (MDRX: Not Rated) EHR systems. The growth rate in 2013 benefited from a low revenue base. During first quarter 2014, Allscripts'

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sites re-opened. In third quarter 2014, Allscripts started to introduce a new version of its EHR system, which changed its approach to voucher/coupon collection. The new system requires physician's to opt-out of financial assistance rather than opting-in, as done previously. The roll out should be completed by year end 2014.    We expect the company to introduce a beta for its animal pharmaceutical platform in first quarter 2015 and to generate a meaningful revenue contribution in the second half of 2015.

Gross/operating margin outlook

We are forecasting a decline in gross margins in 2014 and 2015, and relatively flat gross margins in 2016. The declines imply a faster percentage increase in revenue share expense than total revenue. It is difficult to predict the relative growth rates of total revenue versus revenue share expense, which depends on the relative growth of distribution revenue compared to SRO revenue. Both distribution and SRO revenue should grow rapidly in 2014 through 2016 as existing business and new clients grow at a fast pace. Given relatively strong growth of revenue share expense in the first half, we expect revenue share expense to grow faster than total revenue in 2014. Recognizing the difficulty in forecasting the mix in 2015, we decided to be conservative. Therefore, we expect revenue share expense to grow relatively fast in 2015 and then stabilize to similar growth rates as total revenue in 2016.

We expect adjusted EBITDA margins, which exclude non-recurring items, to decline year-over-year from 8% in 2013 to 1% in 2014, but increase year-over-year in 2015 and 2016 to 20% and 31%, respectively. The decline in 2014 was caused by lower gross margins, which more than offset fixed cost leverage. In 2015 and 2016, fixed cost leverage provides a greater contribution, thereby offsetting the decline in gross margins.

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Earnings outlook

As demonstrated in table 7, we expect EPS to improve from $0.01 in 2013 to $0.08 and $0.20 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. For 2014, we expect a modest EPS decline to -$0.01 (excluding the impact of legal settlement costs) from $0.01 in 2013 due to lower gross margins.      

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Valuation Summary

Our 12-18 month price target for OPRX stock is $4, which is based on 20x our 2016 EPS forecast of $0.20. Our PEG-based valuation was derived by multiplying a 0.6x PEG by our estimate of a 35% five-year EPS compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and then multiplying the product, which is 20x, by our 2016 EPS forecast of $0.20. The 0.6x PEG multiple used in our valuation represents a steep discount to the peer group average multiple of 1.3x to (conservatively) account for liquidity risk. Our five-year EPS CAGR forecast of 35% assumes EPS growth of 172% in 2016, 15% per year for 2017 through 2019 and 10% in 2020. These growth rates are extremely conservative to account for the risks inherent in disruptive technology.

The key risks for OPRX shares include the following: 1) large pharmaceutical companies and EHR vendors have substantial financial resources, which can be used to create competing products, 2) institutional resistance to change could slow the adoption of the company's service by pharmaceutical companies and physicians and 3) high revenue concentration with the company's top two clients, which comprised 58% of 2013 revenue. 

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All statements or opinions contained herein that include the words "we", "us", or "our" are solely the responsibility of Noble Financial and do not necessarily reflect statements or opinions expressed by any person or party affiliated with the company mentioned in this report. Any opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. All information provided herein is based on public and non-public information believed to be accurate and reliable, but is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. No judgment is hereby expressed or should be implied as to the suitability of any security described herein for any specific investor or any specific investment portfolio. The decision to undertake any investment regarding the security mentioned herein should be made by each reader of this publication based on its own appraisal of the implications and risks of such decision.

This publication is intended for information purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to buy/sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy/sell any security mentioned in this report, nor shall there be any sale of the security herein in any state or domicile in which said offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or domicile. This publication and all information, comments, statements or opinions contained or expressed herein are applicable only as of the date of this publication and subject to change without prior notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES

Within the past 30 days, a Noble Financial Company Research employee and/or their immediate supervisors have not effected a transaction for their own account(s) in the investment(s) referred to in this report, nor will such a transaction take place within 5 days of its publication.

A Noble Financial Company has received compensation for investment banking services from the subject company in the past 12 months.  

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This report is intended to provide general securities advice, and does not purport to make any recommendation that any securities transaction is appropriate for any recipient particular investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs. Prior to making any investment decision, recipients should assess, or seek advice from their advisors, on whether any relevant part of this report is appropriate to their individual circumstances. If a recipient was referred to a Noble Financial Company by an investment advisor, that advisor may receive a benefit in respect of transactions effected on the recipients behalf, details of which will be available on request in regard to a transaction that involves a personalized securities recommendation. Additional risks associated with the security mentioned in this report that might impede achievement of the target can be found in its initial report issued by a Noble Financial Company. This report may not be reproduced, distributed or published for any purpose unless authorized by a Noble Financial Company.

U.S. CLIENTS

For purposes of distribution in the United States, this report is prepared for persons who can be defined as "Institutional Investors" under U.S. regulations. Any U.S. person receiving this report and wishing to effect a transaction in any security discussed herein, must do so through a U.S. registered broker or dealer. Noble International Investments, Inc. is a U.S. registered broker dealer.

RESEARCH ANALYST CERTIFICATION Independence Of View

All views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers.

Receipt of Compensation

All or part of my compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views in the research report.

Ownership and Material Conflicts of Interest

Neither I nor anybody in my household has a financial interest in the securities of the subject company or any other company mentioned in this report. Additional information is available upon request. Any recipient of this report that wishes further information regarding the subject company or the disclosure information mentioned herein, should contact Noble Financial by mail or phone.

Noble International Investments, Inc., dba Noble Financial Capital Markets is a FINRA registered broker/dealer. Member - SPIC (Securities Investor Protection Corporation)

NFCM RATING DEFINITIONS % OF STOCKS COVERED % OF IB CLIENTS

   BUY: potential return is >15% above the current price 68% 35%

   HOLD: potential return is -15% to 15% of the current price 26% 2%

   SELL: potential return is >15% below the current price 0% 0%

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