185
Original Article
The utility
of Helicobacter pylori eradication in improving functional
dyspepsia in adult population in Iran
Maghbooli N1, MohammadiMA1, Naderian MR1, Jamali R1,2
1- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran. 2- Research Development Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran.
Received: 2018/01/10 | Accepted: 2018/03/28
Abstract:
Background: This review aimed at investigating the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori
eradication in improving the symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia in Iranian adult
population.
Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic review. Data were collected from the
Medline database by searching some keywords including "Helicobacter pylori",
"eradication", "effectiveness", "dyspepsia", and "Iran". After obtaining the full text of
articles, the critical review was performed based on article titles and abstracts. For each
article, information regarding benefits, side effects and efficacy was identified. Then,
scenarios were extracted according to the mentioned data.
Results: From a total of 28 reviewed papers, 6 were systematic reviews (with the level of
evidence 1a), 18 articles were randomized interventional trials (with the level of evidence
1b) and 4 articles were longitudinal studies (with the level of evidence 2b). Most studies
reported improvement in symptoms, although some of them did not report the statistically
significant difference. After extracting data related to the scenarios from the articles, they
were rated regarding the clinical advantage and the ability to localize each scenario.
Conclusion: Considering the results of analyzing the articles and extracted scenarios,
Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended in Iranian adult patients with functional
dyspepsia, normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and documented Helicobacter pylori
infection.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Functional dyspepsia, Iran
* Corresponding Author.Email: [email protected] Tel: 0098 21 6312 0000
Fax: 0098 21 663 48553 CCoonnfflliiccttooffIInntteerreessttss:: NNoo
Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, June, 2018; Vol. 22, No 2, Pages 185-191
Please cite this article as: Maghbooli N, MohammadiMA, Naderian MR, Jamali R. The utilityof Helicobacter pylori eradication in improving functional dyspepsia in adult population in Iran. Feyz 2018; 22(2): 185-91.
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ﻼﺘﺒﻣ
نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ
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ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
رد
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ناﺮﻳا
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ﻚﻴﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ
روﺮﻣ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
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ﻲﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣنﺮﺘﺴﻧ 1 يﺪﻤﺤﻣﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ، 1 نﺎﻳردﺎﻧﺎﺿرﺪﻤﺤﻣ، 1 ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺟﺎﻜﻳار، 1 و 2 * ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺲﻳد ﻲﺴﭙﭘ ﻮﺳ ﺎﻳ ء ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ درد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ردﻲﺘﺣارﺎﻧ و ﻲﻣقﻼﻃاﺮﺘﺳﺎﮕﻴﭘاﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ دﻮﺷ . ﻦﻳا ﺖﻣﻼﻋ دراﻮﻣﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛارد طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﮕﺘﺳد ﻲﻣﻲﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓشراﻮﮔهﺎ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 1 [. دوﺪﺣ 10 ﺎﺗ 45 ﺪﺻرد مدﺮﻣ رد لﻮﻃ ﮔﺪﻧز ﻲ زا ﻦﻳا ﺘﺣارﺎﻧ ﻲ ادﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷ ﺪﻧر ﻪﻛ زا ﺮﻫ 4 ﺮﻔﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ، ﻚﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . عﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻣﻼﻋ ناﺮﻳا مدﺮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ يدﺎﻋ داﺮﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻦﻴﺑ 2 / 2 ﺎﺗ 9 / 29 ﺪﺻرد شراﺰﮔ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ] 2 ، 3 [. ﺎﺗ 7 ﻪﺑتﺎﻌﺟاﺮﻣﺪﺻرد ﻚﻳ ﻚﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ار نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺳ ء ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻫد . راﺰﻫﺪﺻﺮﻫرد ﺮﻔﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ 25 ﺎﺗ 44 ،لﺎﺳ دوﺪﺣ 355 ﺮﻔﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻚﺷﺰﭘﻪﺑﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . 1 ﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧادﻲﻤﻠﻋتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،ناﺮﻬ 2 ،ناﺮﻬﺗ،ناﺮﻬﺗﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﺎﻨﻴﺳنﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا * لﻮﺌﺴﻣهﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ : تﺎﻣﺪﺧوﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﺎﻨﻴﺳنﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ناﺮﻬﺗﻲﻧﺎﻣردﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 02163120000 ﻧرود ﺲﻳﻮ : 02166348553 ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ : [email protected] ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 1396/10/20 ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧشﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 1397/1/8 ﻦﻳا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻦﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و هﺪﺷ رد داﺮﻓا 75 ﺎﺗ 84 لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ دوﺪﺣ 789 ﺮﻔﻧ رد ﺮﻫ راﺰﻫﺪﺻ ﺮﻔﻧ رد لﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺳر ] 4 [. نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻲﮔﺪﻧزﻪﺑﺪﻴﻣا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺪﻧراد . ﺖﺳاﻲﻟﺎﺣردﻦﻳا ﺚﻋﺎﺑيرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻳﻼﻋﻪﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻲﮔﺪﻧزﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛردﻲﻔﻨﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 5 [ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، ﻪﻛﺖﺳاﺮﻛذنﺎﻳﺎﺷ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗارﺎﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻦﻳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺑﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﻣﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻨﻛ ؛ﺪﻨ ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ -ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣآردﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳا نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ 18 درﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻲﻣ رﻻد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و ﻟﺎﺣرد ﻦﻳا ﻲ ا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ) رﺎﻛﻞﺤﻣزاﺖﺒﻴﻏﻞﻣﺎﺷ ( ﻲﻣﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﻦﻳا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑود ﺪﺑﺎﻳﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ] 6 [. ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﻤﻴﺑﺮﻫياﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ر ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ لﺎﺳﻚﻳياﺮﺑناﺮﻳارد 108 / 10 ﻳﺰﻫ ورﻻد ﺮﻫياﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﻪﻨ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ 12 / 1 رﻻد ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدز ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻪﻛ زاﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ هدﻮﺑنﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑردنﺪﺷيﺮﺘﺴﺑوﻚﺷﺰﭘﺖﻳﺰﻳوﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ] 7 [. دوﺪﺣ 50 ﺎﺗ 60 ﺪﺻرد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ رد ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻴﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﻚ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ يﻮﻀﻋ ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑنﺎﻳﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ) Functional Dyspepsia ( ﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻤﺧز ) Non-ulcer Dyspepsia ( ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ نﺎﻣرد ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﻄﻗ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا ﺪﺸﻧ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳا ه ] 8 [. ﺶﻘﻧ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ رد ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ فﻼﺘﺧا درﻮﻣ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ : ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﻪﺸﻳرﺶﻘﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳافﺪﻫ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻢﻳﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑرد ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ رد يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣناﺮﻳا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ : ﻚﻳﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا ﺖﺳاﻚﻴﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳروﺮﻣ . يﺪﻴﻠﻛنﺎﮔژاوسﺎﺳاﺮﺑتﻻﺎﻘﻣيﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ) ﻮﺳ ء ،ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ، ﻪﺸﻳر ناﺮﻳا ،ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا،ﻲﻨﻛ ( هدادهﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘرد Medline ﺖﻓﺮﮔترﻮﺻ . ﻪﺑزاﺪﻌﺑ وناﻮﻨﻋﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑاﺪﺘﺑا،تﻻﺎﻘﻣﻞﻣﺎﻛﻦﺘﻣ نﺪﻣآﺖﺳد هﺪﻴﻜﭼﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﺲﭙﺳ نآ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣتﻻﺎﻘﻣ،ﺎﻫ . ﻧآﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﺖﻳﺰﻣﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣتﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺎﻬ وﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟضراﻮﻋ،ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاناﺰﻴﻣ ه و ﺪﻧﺪﺷجاﺮﺨﺘﺳاﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﺐﻟﺎﻗرد . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ : زا 28 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧردﻪﻛيا 6 مﺎﻈﻧروﺮﻣﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺢﻄﺳﺎﺑﺪﻨﻣ 1a ، 18 ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗيا ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺢﻄﺳ 1b و 4 ﻪﺑﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺢﻄﺳﺎﺑﻲﻟﻮﻃتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣترﻮﺻ 2b ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﻪﭼﺮﮔ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔارﻢﻳﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺮﺜﻛا نآزاﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣيرﺎﻣآظﺎﺤﻟزاارتوﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳاﺎﻫ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهدﻮﻤﻨﻧشراﺰﮔراد . ﺖﻳﺰﻣ،تﻻﺎﻘﻣزاﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﺎﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣجاﺮﺨﺘﺳازاﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﺑﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗوﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺳ ﺪﺷﻲﻫدزﺎﻴﺘﻣاﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳزاﻚﻳﺮﻫيزﺎ . ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ : ﻪﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑمﺎﻤﺗﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻦﻳاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ،ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳوتﻻﺎﻘﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاهﺪﻣآ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يﻻﺎﺑﻦﺳرديدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ 18 ﻪﺘﺷادﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﻪﻛلﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﻪﺑو،ﺪﻧا ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋيا يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ،ﺖﺳاهﺪﻴﺳرتﺎﺒﺛاﻪﺑنﺎﺸﻳا ﻪﺸﻳرنﺎﻣردﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋياﺮﺑﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗ . نﺎﮔژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛ : يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ، ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ناﺮﻳا، هﺎﻣ ود ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ – ﺎﻤﺷ ،مود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود ،ﺾﻴﻓ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ هر 2 ، ﺮﻴﺗ و دادﺮﺧ 97 تﺎﺤﻔﺻ ، 191 -185
ويﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳرنﺎﻣردﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻲﻨﻛ ، . .. 187 هﺎﻣود ﺾﻴﻓﻪﻣﺎﻧ | ﺮﻴﺗودادﺮﺧ | 1397 | هرود 22 | هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻳﻼﺘﺒﻣ رد ءﻮﺳ -ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻢﻳﻼﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛردتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣزايرﺎﻴﺴﺑرديدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ؛ رد درﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﺾﻗﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﻲﻣهﺪﻳد تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 9 [. يﺮﺑﺎﺻ و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ رد يﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻲﻣﻮﺑ نﺎﻣرد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ و ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ نﺎﻴﺑ هدﺮﻛ ﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد شور يﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ و ﺰﻳﻮﺠﺗ ﺮﻴﻏ -ﻲﻟﻮﺻا وراد ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻨﻛ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻫ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﻪﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ رﺎﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ و ضراﻮﻋ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﻳوراد ﻲ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، رد ﻦﻳا ﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﻴﭼﺎﻧ نﺎﻣرد ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ رد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ،يﺮﺴﻟواﺮﻴﻏ ﻦﻳا نﺎﻣرد ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ هﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا ] 10 [. ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗﻦﻳا ردراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ دراﻮﻣزا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ -ﺖﺳارﺎﻛﻦﻳاﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا . ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ -ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا شور Test And Treat ﻪﺑ؛ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷادﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛرد يرﻮﻃ -ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﭘورا رد ﻪﻛ -هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ، ﻲﻟﺎﺣرد تﻻﺎﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣآ هﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ نﺎﻣرد و ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ -ﺖﺴﻴﻧﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ] 11 [ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳﺮﺧآﻖﺒﻃ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﺎﻣرد و ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ناﺮﻳا رد ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻫ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ) ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗﺖﺴﺗ عﻮﻧﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ( ﻦﻴﺑ 6748320 ﺎﺗ 9278050 لﺎﺳ ردلﺎﻳر 93 ﻦﻳا يﻻﺎﺑعﻮﻴﺷ ندﺮﻛ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ناﺮﻳاﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟردﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔرا ) 80 ﺪﺻرد ( ﻲﻣ، ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﻪﻛدﺮﻛنﺎﻴﺑناﻮﺗ فﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔرا ﻦﻳا ﻲﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ءﻮﺳ -ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 11 [. ﻦﻳا شرﺎﮕﻧ زا فﺪﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﻼﺘﺒﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻢﻳﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑرد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻲﻣناﺮﻳارديدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻳايﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑيژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا و ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋﻦﻳا عﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣناﺮﻳارد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ اﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳامﺎﺠﻧا ي نﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺖﻬﺟ، اﺪﺘﺑا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ يزﺎﺳ زا ﻲﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . ﻦﻳا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يﺎﻳﺮﺘﻳاﺮﻛسﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ROME II و ROME III ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ] 12 ، 13 [ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻳازا ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﻦﻳا رد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ . ﻦﻳا فﺪﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻐﻟﺎﺑ 18 ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ . هوﻼﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻢﻳژر ،ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ياﺮﺑ ﺢﺟرا ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﻨﻛ ﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ اﺬﻟ و هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﻲ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗﻦﻳاﻪﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣجوﺮﺧﺎﻳدوروياﺮﺑيرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، لﺪﻣ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ درﻮﻔﺴﻛآ ، ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﻈﻧ يﺎﻫروﺮﻣ ،يا و ترﻮﻫﻮﻛ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﺪﻨﻣ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻲﻣ نﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ار ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ زا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻫرﻮﻈﻨﻣ ف ﺪﻧﺪﺷيﺮﻴﮔ ] 14 [. ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ لاﻮﺳ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ : دﺮﻜﻳور لاﻮﺳ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ياﺮﺑ PICO ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ و ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ] 15 [ . هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 1 لاﻮﺳﻲﺣاﺮﻃياﺮﺑاردﺮﻜﻳورﻦﻳاﻞﻴﺼﻔﺗﻪﺑ ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد . ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ يﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ : ،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ لاﻮﺳ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ هﻮﻴﺷ ردﻪﻛ يا هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ 2 هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ -ﺪﻧﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ،ددﺮﮔ . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 -ردﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑلاﻮﺳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور ﻪﺸﻳر ﺎﻳآ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ رد ، ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ؟ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ يﻻﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا 18 لﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ زا راد ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺘﺷاد لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧا و ﻪ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺪﻧراد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ . ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﺎﻤﻧوراد ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻫوراد ضراﻮﻋ ﻲﻨﻛ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛ مﺎﻈﻧ روﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ترﻮﻫﻮﻛ تﺎ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 -ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣياﺮﺑهﺪﺷﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ لوا يﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ : ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ،يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ي . مود يﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ : ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ،يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺖﺴﺗ ﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ .
ﺖﺴﺟ و ﻮﺟ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺪﻘﻧ و : ﻊﻤﺟ ياﺮﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ هدادهﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ Medline ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ . ا ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟيﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﻪﺑ هﻮﻴﺷﻪﺑﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻦﻳوﺪﺗيا ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا و سﺎﺴﺣيا ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ يور ار رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﺪﻨﻛجاﺮﺨﺘﺳا . ﺘﺴﺟيﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ردﻮﺠ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ . نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻛرﻮﻃ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﺴﺟ ﻖﻴﻗد يﻮﺟو ا ﺮﺗ ﻮﺘﺴﺟ ز ﻪﺑ ﻮﺟ ﻪﻠﻴﺳو ﻲﻧاﻮﻨﻋ نﺎﮔژاو ي ) MeSH Search ( ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 -يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ذﺎﺨﺗا هﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﺟ و يﻮﺟ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ
((clinical[Title/Abstract] AND trial[Title/Abstract]) OR clinical trials as topic[MeSH Terms] OR clinical trial[Publication Type] OR
random*[Title/Abstract] OR random allocation[MeSH Terms] OR therapeutic use[MeSH Subheading]) AND ((("Helicobacter
pylori"[Mesh] OR "Helicobacter Infections"[Mesh]) AND “Dyspepsia"[Mesh]) OR (eradication[Title] AND pylori[Title] AND "Dyspepsia"[Mesh])) AND symptom[Title/Abstract] AND
("2000/01/01"[PDAT] : "2017/07/28"[PDAT]) Medline Database نﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑزا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻦﺘﻣ ، و ناﻮﻨﻋﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا تﻻﺎﻘﻣ هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ نآ ﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ،ﺎﻫ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗﻲﺳر ﻪﺑﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﻦﻳازا ﺪﻌﺑﻪﻛ ﻲﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻧادﺎﻘﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺖﺤﺗﺪﻧﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد راﺰﺑاﻂﺳﻮﺗ )
Critical Appraisal Skills Program; CASP ( ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ] 16 [. هرﺎﻤﺷﻞﻜﺷ 1 ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧارتﻻﺎﻘﻣﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺪﻧور -ﺪﻫد . راﺰﺑا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻧادﺎﻘﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ CASP ، مﺎﻈﻧروﺮﻣتﻻﺎﻘﻣ هﺮﻤﻧﺎﺑﺪﻨﻣ 7 ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑو ) هﺮﻤﻧزا ﻞﻛ 10 ( تﻻﺎﻘﻣ، هﺮﻤﻧﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛ 8 ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و ) هﺮﻤﻧزا ﻞﻛ 11 ( و ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣوترﻮﻫﻮﻛتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ هﺮﻤﻧﺎﺑ 7 ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑو ) ﻞﻛهﺮﻤﻧزا 11 ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑياﺮﺑ . ﻞﻜﺷ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 -ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ عﻮﻤﺠﻣزاﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﻲﺳرﺮﺑرد 124 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑﻪﻴﻟوايﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟردﻪﻛيا -،دﻮﺑهﺪﻣآﺖﺳد 28 هدادﺰﻳرجاﺮﺨﺘﺳاياﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣﺎﻫ ﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﺖ . ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻪﺋاراياﺮﺑيزﺎﺳ تﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻦﻴﺑزاﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد شورﻪﺑتﻻﺎﻘﻣﻦﻴﺑزاهﺪﻣآ » ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔيﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ « ﺪﻳدﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧا . ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ،ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﺷ هداد نزو ﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ زا ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ودﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑود ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣدرﻮﻣرﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻫ . زﺎﻴﺘﻣا هدادنزوﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ و هﺪﺷﻊﻤﺟ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳﺎﺑرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑهﺪﺷ رد ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻠﻛ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا ﺑو هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﺎ ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ . ﻪﺑدﺮﻛﺐﺴﻛارزﺎﻴﺘﻣا ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ] 17 [. ﺣﻼﻣ ﻲﻗﻼﺧا تﺎﻈ : هداد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا رد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﺎﻫ نوﺪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻌﺳو ﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا رﺎﻛ ﺖﻗد ﺮﺑشﻼﺗ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ
ويﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳرنﺎﻣردﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻲﻨﻛ ، . .. 189 هﺎﻣود ﺾﻴﻓﻪﻣﺎﻧ | ﺮﻴﺗودادﺮﺧ | 1397 | هرود 22 | هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 ﭻﻴﻫ ﻞﻴﺻا شرﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑ و ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗ ﻧ ﺪ . ﻊﻤﺟ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﺐﻟﺎﻗردﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ : تﻻﺎﻘﻣﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻧادﺎﻘﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ و راﺰﺑا ﻪﻠﻴﺳ CASP ، نآ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا و هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا . ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ نآ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ و ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد 3 ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﺘﻳآ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاناﺰﻴﻣوﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟضراﻮﻋ،ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ . نآﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﻛ ،تﻻﺎﻘﻣزاﻚﻳﺮﻫياﺮﺑ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺢﻄﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رديدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷجرددرﻮﻔﺴﻛآهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ] 14 [. رد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳازاﺪﻌﺑ،ﻦﻤﺿ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ زا ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ راﺰﺑا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا GRADE ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺾﻗﺎﻨﺗ ) Inconsistency ( ، ﻲﺘﺳردﺎﻧ ) Imprecision ( و ﻲﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ) Indirectness ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ] 18 [. زا 28 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻲﺳرﺮﺑﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ردﻪﻛ يا 6 مﺎﻈﻧ روﺮﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻣ 1a ، 18 ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ يا 1b و 4 ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﺢﻄﺳﺎﺑﻲﻟﻮﻃتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 2b ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . نﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا دراو ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ و هدﻮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻧ ، نﺎﻣرد ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ار رد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ءﻮﺳ -ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ، ﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﻧوراد ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و هدﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧرد . ﺮﺜﻛا نآزاﻲﺧﺮﺑﻪﭼﺮﮔ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهدﺮﻛشراﺰﮔارﻢﻳﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﻫ وﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳا ﻣآظﺎﺤﻟزاارت ﻨﻌﻣيرﺎ ﻲ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهدﻮﻤﻨﻧشراﺰﮔراد . ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗيﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﺪﻘﻧ يزﺎﺳ : زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ درﻮﻣ رد ،تﻻﺎﻘﻣ زا ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻲﻣﻮﺑﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗوﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﺷﻲﻫدزﺎﻴﺘﻣاﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳزاﻚﻳﺮﻫيزﺎﺳ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ردﻞﺻﺎﺣ لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 ﻲﻣهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ددﺮﮔ . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 -ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﻲﻫدزﺎﻴﺘﻣا ﺴﻣ ﺌ ﻪﻠ ي ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ يزﺎﺳ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا ) 1 -9 ( ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺎﻳآ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻤﻴﺑ رد ﺖﺴﺗ ﺎﺑ نارﺎ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻳﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ؟ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ 1 + + 8 2 + + 6 ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳايروﺮﺿ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳاﺮﻛذ ﻻﻮﺻايزﺎﺳ ﻲﻣﻮﺑﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓرد ﻪﺑيزﺎﺳ ﻲﻣرﺎﻛ ﺎﺠﻧآزاﻲﻟو،دور ﻳ ﻲ درﻮﻣﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻪﻛ ﻦﻳاردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺑﺮﻴﻏﺐﻠﻏا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳايﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻲﻣﻮ -ﻲﻣﻮﺑﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻈﻨﻣزا هﺪﺷ نﺪﺷ ﻢﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻣا ، نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ دراو ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺸﻧ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﺳد ﺮﺑ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳسﺎﺳا ،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﺖﻳﺰﻣلوﺪﺟﻦﻳوﺪﺗوﺎﻫ ود يﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧهﺪﺷ . ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗيﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ود ردهﺪﺷ ﻪﺑﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ،ضراﻮﻋ ،ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ رﺎﻛ -ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،يﺮﻴﮔ هﺮﻤﻧ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ و يﺮﻳﺬﭘ و هﺪﺷ ﻲﻫد هدادتاﺮﻤﻧ ﻊﻤﺟﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳﺎﺑهﺪﺷﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗرﺎﻴﻌﻣنزوسﺎﺳاﺮﺑهﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . نﺎﻤﻫ ردﻪﻛرﻮﻃ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا،ﻦﻤﺿرد ﻧ ﻪﺑﻲﻳﺎﻬ ﺖﺳد ﺮﻫياﺮﺑهﺪﻣآ ردﺮﮕﻳديﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 6 هﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 4 ﺺﺨﺸﻣ هﺪﺷ يﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا ﺖﺳا هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳزاﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ 2 ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣآﺖﺳد . زﺎﻴﺘﻣا،ﻦﻤﺿرد ﻧ ﻪﺑﻲﻳﺎﻬ -ﺖﺳد رد ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻣآ لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 6 ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧ . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 4 -موديﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳﻪﺑلوايﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳيﺮﺗﺮﺑزﺎﻴﺘﻣاﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ضراﻮﻋ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ نزو 4 2 3 3 1 2 2 17 ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ 1 1 5 / 0 0 1 0 0 5 / 0 52 / 0 ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 29 / 0
لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 5 -ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳتازﺎﻴﺘﻣاﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ 1 ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ 2 ﺖﺒﺜﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ 1 0 52 / 0 52 / 0 ﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳ 2 29 / 0 0 29 / 0 ﻲﻔﻨﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 29 / 0 52 / 0 ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ هﺮﻤﻧ 33 / 0 33 / 0 ﺚﺤﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻧادﺎﻘﻧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ 28 ﻪﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻤﻋ رﻮﻃ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ تﻻﺎﻘﻣ زا ﻞﻜﺸﺘﻣ مﺎﻈﻧيﺎﻫروﺮﻣوﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا،دﻮﺑﺪﻨﻣ . ﻦﻳارد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ مﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ﻨﺳ رد يدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻴ يﻻﺎﺑ 18 ﻪﺘﺷادﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﻪﻛلﺎﺳ ﻪﺑو،ﺪﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋيا يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ نﺎﻣرد ﺖﺤﺗ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﻴﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ نﺎﺸﻳا ﻪﺸﻳر ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋياﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ راﺮﻗ . ﻦﻳا مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺸﻳر هرﺎﻤﺷلواﺪﺟﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﻲﻨﻛ 4 ، 5 و 6 ﻳﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑرد ﻦﻳاﻢ ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺶﻘﻧ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ . ﻢﺧز زوﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،نآ ﺮﺑهوﻼﻋ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻌﻣ ] 19 [ ﻪﻨﻴﻣزﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑبﺎﻬﺘﻟاﻦﺘﻓرﻦﻴﺑزا، هﺪﻌﻣرديا ] 20 [ ، ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻚﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﺑﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ تﺎﻌﻓد ] 21 [ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ردو ﻲﮔﺪﻧزﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳا ] 24 -22 [ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣتﻻﺎﻘﻣ رد هﺪﺷدﺎﻳيﺎﻳاﺰﻣ ﺮﮕﻳدزا ﻪﺸﻳرﻦﻳاياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳاﻲﻨﻛ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗﻦﻳازايدﺪﻌﺘﻣتﻻﺎﻘﻣيﺎﻫ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻢﺋﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑﺮﺑﻲﻨﺒﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يﺮﺴﻟواﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﺸﻳرزاﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﻲﻣﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻫاﻮﺷﻪﭼﺮﮔ،ﺪﻨﻛ دراددﻮﺟوﻲﻀﻴﻘﻧوﺪﺿ و ﻦﻳازﻮﻨﻫ درﻮﻣﻲﻤﻠﻋﻊﻣاﻮﺟردﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ارتﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﻳاﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺪﻨﻛ ؛ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻢﺠﺣزاتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻫوهدﻮﺒﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗﻪﻛ ددﺮﮔ ﻲ ﺒﻬﺑ رديراد هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻢﺋﻼﻋ دﻮ ددﺮﮕﻧ ] 25 [ . ﺮﻣا ﻦﻴﻤﻫ و ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﻓﺎﻛيﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ لﻮﻃ ﺮﮕﻳدﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﺚﻋﺎﺑ نﺎﻣرد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻦﻴﺑتوﺎﻔﺗدﻮﺷ هﺎﺗﻮﻛردهﺪﺷ تﺪﻣ رﺎﻜﺷآ دﻮﺸﻧ ] 25 [ . ِژﻮﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻪﻨﻴﻣزيﺎﻫ ﺎﺑﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋردﻪﻛﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣيا ﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ -يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﻣدﺎﺠﻳا ﻲﻣ،ددﺮﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد دﻮﺷ ﻲﻨﻛ ] 26 [ . ندﻮﺒﻧ نﺎﺴﻤﻫ و يژﻮﻟوﺪﺘﻣ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يژﻮﻟوﺪﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻒ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآﺎﺘﻣ ناﻮﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ﻖﻴﻗد ﺮﺛا و داد مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻛ ﺲﻳد دﺮﻛﻲﺳرﺮﺑارﻲﺴﭙﭘ ] 19 [ . ﻪﺑﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ توﺎﻔﺘﻣيا ﺲﻳدﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻪﺑوهدﺮﻛﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗارﻲﺴﭙﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻢﺋﻼﻋﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗتوﺎﻔﺘﻣيا ﻲﻣار ﺪﻨﺠﻨﺳ . ﻪﺑهﺪﻌﻣﺲﻛﻼﻔﻳر ﻢﺋﻼﻋتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ،لﺎﺜﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺰﺟار يﺮﻣ ء ﺲﻳدﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧردﻲﺴﭙﭘ نآلﺎﺣ ،ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺟ ارﺲﻛﻼﻔﻳر ﻢﺋﻼﻋﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﻣ اﺪ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳاﺮﻣا ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣﻲﻋﺪﻣتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺸﻳرنﺎﻣردﻪﻛﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣﻲﻨﻛ ﻢﺋﻼﻋيورﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻛﺮﺗﺪﺑارنآو ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔﺮﺛاﺲﻛﻼﻔﻳر . ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻲﺧﺮﺑردﻪﻛﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺸﻳرنﺎﻣردضراﻮﻋناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ ﺮﻛذ ﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫوراد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا ،هﺪﺷ ﻪ ﻲﻨﻛ ﻲﻣهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻣدﻮﺧددﺮﮔ ﻲﭘادردﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗياﺮﺑﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﺪﻧاﻮﺗ وﺮﺘﺳﺎﮔ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ ددﺮﮔ . ﻦﻳارد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻈﻧردﺎﻫورادﻦﻳاضراﻮﻋ ﻲﻣدرﻮﻣﻦﻳاﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣوهﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ارﻲﺗاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا رد . ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ يﺮﮕﻳد تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻈﻧرد ار ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻖﻴﻗد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺮﺗ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻛﻪﺋارايﺮﺗ . يﺮﻴﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺎﻫﻮﻳرﺎﻨﺳوتﻻﺎﻘﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاهﺪﻣآ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑمﺎﻤﺗﻪﻛ ﺖﺳاﻦﻳاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫءﻮﺳ يﻻﺎﺑﻦﺳرديدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ 18 ﻪﺘﺷادﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﻪﻛلﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ و ا ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ي يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ هﺪﻴﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ نﺎﺸﻳا ﻪﺸﻳرنﺎﻣردﺖﺤﺗ،ﺖﺳا ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋياﺮﺑﻲﻨﻛ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷﺎﻣﻲﺳرﺮﺑ 28 ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﻈﻧروﺮﻣوﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛي ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ دﺮﻜﻳور ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ -رد ﺶﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﺖﺳا حﺮﻄﻣ ناﺮﻳارﻮﺸﻛ . ﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣضراﻮﻋ ﻲﺘﻧآﺎ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳرﺪﻧورردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاوﻒﻴﻔﺧﻲﻨﻛ ﻢﻳﻼﻋدﻮﺒﻬﺑردﺎﻫ ﺲﻳد ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﺴﭙﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، ﻪﺸﻳر نﺎﻣرد ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻲﻨﻛ ﻮﻜﻴﻠﻫ يرﻮﻠﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻋزﻪﺑ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﻜﺑهﺪﻨﻳآردارهﺪﻌﻣﻢﺧزوهﺪﻌﻣ . ﺪﻳاﻮﻓﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻨﻛ د ر درادﺖﻴﺤﺟرانآﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫوتاﺮﻀﻣﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧدﺮﻜﻳورﻦﻳا . ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗوﺮﻜﺸﺗ زا نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺎﻨﻴﺳنﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗﺮﺘﻓدمﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛيرﺎﻳارﺎﻣﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣﻦﻳاشرﺎﮕﻧردﻪﻛ ، ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻴﻤﺻ ﻲﻣﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ -ﻢﻴﻳﺎﻤﻧ . References:
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